求高手在线翻译一段文章，请勿使用翻译软件

Question

These pressures encourage a kind of defensive rigidity in which practitioners protect themselves from substantial changes by making slight adjustments at the margins, by claiming they have already made the changes that reformers pro-pose, or by claiming that research justifies their existing practices. But the problem of multiple, conflicting, and ill-defined goals is not unique to the United States and does not derive solely from our unique system of governance. Indeed, most other countries have far more centralized systems than we have, but do not have any more evidence of re-search use. Many of them are susceptible to fads-often emigrating from the United States-and all are susceptible to multiple and conflicting goals for their education sys-tems and to shifting policy climates and public sentiments as perceptions of national strengths and weaknesses change over time.

Answer 1

鼓励这些压力的一种防御性的刚性，其中执业保护作出重大变动，在边缘轻微调整，声称他们已经改变，改革者的亲姿势，或声称他们的研究证明现行的做法，自己。但多，矛盾的，和没有明确目标的问题不是美国独有的，并不来自我们的治理独特的系统只。事实上，大多数其他国家有更多的集中式系统比我们有，但没有任何重新搜索使用更多的证据。其中许多人很容易受到潮流，往往是从美国移民和所有很容易受到他们的教育系统，电信设备制造商和多个相互冲突的目标和政策气候和转移作为国家的长处和弱点，随时间变化的感知民情。

Answer 2

你的文章在哪里？英翻中还是中翻英？

Answer 3

这些压力鼓励一种防守刚度,从业人员保护自己免受实质性的变化进行微调的幅度,声称,他们已经做出了改变,pro-pose改革者,或说研究证明他们现有的实践。但问题多、冲突、,不明确的目标不是唯一在美国和不获得的唯一的管理系统。事实上,许多国家也远比我们更中央集权制度,但没有任何更多的证明了研究使用。他们中的很多人都容易从美国来的移民fads-often时而都容易目标是对立的多元化,为他们的教育体系和移动公众情绪的气候和政策,对国家的优点和缺点随着时间发生变化