1. Introduction
Two international instruments coming into force in 2003
changed the playing feld regarding the international regu-
lation of genetically engineered organisms. One is the Carta-
gena Protocol on Biosafety, which is intended to regulate the
international transfer of “living modifed organisms” (LMOs).
The second is a set of guidelines, the Risk Analysis Principles
for Foods Derived from Biotechnology, established by a little-known United Nations body called the Codex Alimentarius
Commission.
These two instruments signal attempts by the world com-
munity to establish rules governing the production, trade and
use of genetically modifed (GM) foodstuffs. Both agreements
emphasize the rights of consumers and farmers, and the pro-
tection of ecosystems. However, it is not clear how their pro-
visions will work alongside the free-trade rules of the World
Trade Organization (WTO). And both regulatory schemes have
powerful enemies in the corporate sector and among certain
governments.
2. The Cartagena Protocol: still a venue of contention
By joining the WTO, countries agree to limit their freedom to
impose restrictions on foreign trade. The Cartagena Protocol,
however, stresses that trade considerations need not always be
given precedence over other national objectives. It recognizes
that the need to protect biodiversity, the environment and hu-
man health are valid priorities in decision-making. As of August
2005, some 125 countries had ratifed the Protocol, which came
into force on 11 September 2003. However, the major grower/
producer countries are not parties: the US, Canada, Australia,
Argentina, the core of the “Miami Group” negotiating bloc.
The Protocol establishes a procedure called Advanced In-
formed Agreement. Under an AIA, those planning to export LMOs for introduction into the environment must notify the
country to which they are being sent. That country is then en-
titled to authorize or refuse permission for the shipment, based
on a risk assessment. Furthermore, the Protocol allows the
recipient nation to invoke precautionary regulation if, in its
judgment, there is not enough scientifc information to make a
proper assessment: “Lack of scientifc certainty due to insuffcient
relevant scientifc information and knowledge regarding the extent
of the potential adverse effects of a living modifed organism on the
conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity in the Party
of import, taking also into account risks to human health, shall not
prevent that Party from taking a decision, as appropriate, with re-
gard to the import of that living modifed organism …”
先来一点点试试看啊。。。
问题改为:求专业英语翻译软件,最好是检疫方面或生物方面的,谢谢!!!
英语翻译高手请进!!我是动植物检疫的,哪位大侠能帮我翻译一下,是专业英...
1。介绍 两大国际乐器在2003年生效 改变了关于国际***regu土工布玩***- 这里应该有错误,螺旋桨的转基因生物体。一是宪章- (gena)生物安全议定书》所载有关,这是为了规范 这里也错了,缺少字母 modifed国际转移的“活”(LMOs有机体)。第二种是一套完整的指南,风险分析的原则 适合食品生物技术...
急请高手翻译一份中译英简历,谢谢!!!(谢绝在线翻译)
position: Receive the duty working on the stage:Work mainly: The proscenium being responsible is received, telephone switches (reach the incoming telegram fixing in advance) , entrance guard manages , the word processing waits.Achievement working: Once received city leader Han Zheng and ...
翻译一段自我介绍(满意追加200分!谢绝机器翻译!)
如象你所允诺的,给800以上,我愿给你提供一篇超水平的。请看如下译文,定会令你和尊师满意。即使你是英语专业生,不过如需修改、润色英文,也尽请告知。I'm convinced that this will prove to be a top-notch translation:J’apprends actuellement la langue et la civilisation anglaises dans la...
请英语高手进来帮下我!Thank You in advance!
小气
30积分,英语高手请进,求you were my everything音译歌词儿,
我的 30积分,英语高手请进,求you were my everything音译歌词儿, 本人英语不好,请各位看清题目,是音译歌词(同音汉字对比的那种),不是英语歌词,谢谢。是音译,不是翻译各位大侠看清再答,谢谢。... 本人英语不好,请各位看清题目,是音译歌词(同音汉字对比的那种),不是英语歌词, 谢谢。是音译, 不是翻译 各位大...
跪求各位英语高手帮我翻译一下这篇文章
in orderto avoid reflects the shadow in the window. Uses when the dome lightmust avoid installing bathtub above which directly covers in thesteam. The wall lamp or the dome light power take 40 - 60 tiles assuitable. The decorative lighting installment must conform to the illuminatio...
英语高手请进啊~翻译请尽量地道,谢谢了
surfing on the internet. I found a job recently, and kinda of busy this summer vacation. But I do remember you, thanks for you still remembering me. How about you? I think your life must be very funny and I am looking forward to hearing from you.希望我的答案令你满意。
英语翻译高手请进!!! 大侠们帮帮忙!!
The ride was the best of the few hours that my friends and I spent there.我和朋友们都觉得坐在上面是几个小时内玩的最有趣的 We all went on the Superman Ride in pairs.我们成对地去玩了超人骑行 I was with Val.我跟VAL一起 The waiting line seemed never-ending, but was ...
英文高手进来帮忙呀 英语大侠们
现在,我们需要以下信息提供的部分从您的工厂。1 。测量方法。 (图片文件是首选)2 。设备,装置在使用的测量,尤其是夹紧点,其中详细的资料图片是首选。3 。全面衡量一个项目的部分作为一个例子。4 。交货时间第一样本 84692418回答我的2天。亲爱的Mr.Shi ,请帮我呼吁这些供应商尽快。我不知道...
如何全面提高英语翻译水平
【经验】如何全面提高翻译水平下官从事翻译工作多年,很希望有机会与师兄师姐们进行切磋,想借此机会随便乱侃两句,意欲结识各路高手。 目前学英语的人多,有意从事翻译的人多,现在很少有不懂外语的,但绝大多数都是半瓶子醋,真正的高手少,能够为正式谈判服务,能够从事专业文字翻译的少。这是为什么呢?我觉得主要是2个问...