英语倒装句

Answer 1

一、倒装句的意义
1. 适应一定的语法结构的需要，主要是指疑问句句型结构的需要。
e.g. May I come in？
Was the People's Liberation Army founded in 1927？
2. 为了强调某一部分，而把这部分放到句首，构成倒装。
e.g. Never have I been late for school this term.
So early did he come to school that no other students came.
二、倒装的用法
1. 在“there be”结构里，there是引导词，主语在be后。
在“there + be”结构中的谓语动词有时不用be , 而用表示类似“存在”观念的其他不及物动词。如：live, stand, come, lie, flow, enter, rise 和appear等。
e.g. There is a box on the table.
There came shouts for help from the river.
There lies a large wheat field in front of the house.
Many years ago there lived an old man in the wooden house.
2. 在疑问句中。
e.g. Is she singing in the classroom？
What does your mother do？
3. 在here， there等副词开头的某些句子里（要用一般现在时态）。如果主语是人称代词，主语和主要动词的词序不变。（完全倒装）
e.g. There goes the bell.
Here is an apple for you.
There she comes.
Ex：There ________. And here ________.
　　A. goes the phone; she comes　B. is the phone going; is she　C. does the phone go; does she come　D. the phone goes; come she
4. 重复倒装句型，用在以so， nor， neither开头，表示谓语所述的情况也适用于另一个人或一事物的肯定或否定句中。so用于肯定句，表示“也一样”“也这样”；nor， neither用于否定句，表示“同样也不，也不这样”。
e.g. I am watching TV. So is she.
My parents didn't watch TV last night. Neither （Nor） did I.
She is busy doing her homework. So is her brother.
You passed the exam. So did I.
He doesn’t like shopping. Neither do i.
He can’t speak any foreign language. Nor can his father.
表示两人的同样一个情况时，只能表示一件事，即上、下句所使用的动词、时态要一致。
否则要用so it is with…
His uncle is a worker and has been working in the factory for more than ten years. So it is with his aunt.
Ex：1)I don't know how to swim, ____.
A. and my sister doesn't neither B. nor my sister can C. nor does my sister D. and my sister does either
2)She's passed the test. ____. A. So am I B. So have I C. So I have D. Also I have
5. 直接引语的全部或一部分放在句首时，主句中的主谓也常直接倒装。（完全倒装）
e.g. "Very well，" said the French student.
"Bring me two eggs and a cup of tea， please." said he.
6. 在以hardly(scarcely), never, not, not only, little, few，seldom, no sooner…(than), not until, no where等否定或半否定意义的副词、连词放在句首时要用倒装句，采用部分倒装。如不放在句首就不要倒装。
e.g. Little did he say at the meeting.
Never shall I forget the day when I joined the Army.
Hardly(Scarcely) had he reached the station when the train started.
Not once did we visit the city of our own.
Seldom in all my life have I met such a determined person.
Not only was there no electricity, but also no water.
Not until he shouted at the top of his voice did she turn her head.
比较：I shall never forget the day when I joined the Army.
Ex：1) Hardly ________ the airport when the plane took off. A. I had arrived at　B. had I arrived　C. had I reached　D. I had got to
　　2) —Have you ever seen anything like that before? —No, ________ anything like that before.
　　A. I never have seen　B. never I have seen　C. never have I seen　D. I have seen
7. 用于以only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句的句子中。
e.g. Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to wrk.
Only in this way can we learn English well.
注意：如果only后的词组不是状语，不需倒装。
e.g. Only Wang Lili knows this. only
Only a few young men went to the theatre. （修饰主语时则不用倒装）
Ex：1)Only in this way ___ make progress in your English. 　A. you　B. can you　C. you be able to　D. will you able to
2) Only when the meeting was over___ go back to meet his friend. A. he could　B. he was able to　C. was he able to　D. was able to he
3)Only after liberation___ to be treated as human beings.
A.did they begin B. they had begun C.they did begin D. had they begun
8. 为了表达生动，有时把表地点、方位的副词，如 up， down， out， away， in等放在句首，同时把谓语动词放在主语之前。若主语为人称代词，主语和谓语动词的位置不变，只将副词放在句首。（完全倒装）
e.g. Away hurried the boy.
Out rushed the girl.
Away she went with tears in her eyes.
Ex：Out ____, with a stick in his hand. A. did he rush B. rushed he C. he rushed D. he did rush
表示地点的介词短语 (如on the wall, under the tree, in front of the house, in the middle of the room等)放在句首时,要全部倒装。如:
　　On the top of the hill stands a pine tree.
　　In front of the classroom is a playground.
Ex：Under a big tree ________, half asleep.
A. did sat a fat manB. a fat man sat C. did a fat man satD. sat a fat man
9. 在虚拟结构中，条件从句的谓语含有were， had 和should这三个词是，可省去if，将这些词移至主语之前。
e.g. Had I time （= If I had time）， I would go and help you.
Were I you （= If I were you）， I would go abroad.
Should he come （=If he should come）， tell him to ring me up.
10. as引导让步状语从句时要倒装（形容词/ 副词/ 名词/ 动词 + as + 主语 + 谓语）。
e.g. Proud as they are， they are afraid to see me.
Child as he is， he seems to know everything.（child前不加冠词）
Hard as he worded， he made little progress.
Ex：________, he's honest. A. As he is poor　B. Poor is he　C. Poor as he is　D. Poor as is he
_____, he knows a lot of things. A. A child as he is B. Child as he is C. A child as is he D. Child as is he
11. 用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。
e.g. May you succeed！
Long live the People's Republic of China！
12. So + 形容词、副词及such 置于句首时要倒装。
So happy did he feel.
Such was me.
13.固定搭配 hardly…when; scarcely…when…; no sooner…than… 可以用正常语序 had hardly done when… did 或用倒装句式Hardly had + 主语+ done when… did 句式。hardly所在的句子用过去完成时。
The bell hardly had rung when the class began.= Hardly had the bell rung when the class began.
No sooner had he arrived in Beijing than he began to work.
Ex：Hardly ____down ___he stepped in.
A.had I sat …than B. I had sat …when C.had I sat …then D. had I sat…when
14. 在以often, well, many a time, now and again 等方式或频度副词(短语)开头的句子中,要用部分倒装结构。如:
　　Many a time has John given me good advice.
　　Often have we made that test.
Ex：Many a time ________ swimming alone. A. the boy went　B. went the boy　C. did the boy go　D. did go the boy
15. so+ 形容词/副词that 的结构状语从句可以用正常语序表示，也可以把so+形容词/副词放于句首构成倒装。句型如下： so +形容词/副词+be/助动词/情态动词that +从句。
Light travels so fast that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.
= So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.
So easy was the work that they finished it in a few days.
16. "分词(代词) + be + 主语"结构。如:
　　Walking at the head of the line was our teacher.
Such was the story he told me.
done做形容词在句中做表语时，常把表语放在句首，要用倒装句式。
Gone forever are the days when the Chinese people had to use foreign oil.
17.为了保持句子的平蘅或为了强调表语和状语，或使上下文紧密衔接，把它们放在句首用倒装句。该结构不需加助动词。
East of the town lies a beautiful lake.
In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor.
Outside the doctor’s clinic were twenty patients.

Answer 2

部分倒装
No sooner had she said it than she burst into tears.
她刚一说完，泪水便夺眶而出。
全部倒装
He opened the box and out jumped a frog. 他打开盒子，从里面跳出一只青蛙来。

Answer 3

here is my ticket. 正常语序：my ticket is here
here you are . 正常语句：you are here
here comes the bus. 正常语句:The bus comes here
这里把here提到谓语前面都是为了表示强调，提前的部分就是强调部分。

Answer 4

1)On the wall hangs a picture.
2)Here comes the bus.
3)Only in this way can you improve your English.
4)Not until he graduated did he realise he had wasted much time.
5)So shallow is the river that no fish can live in it.
6)Had I known it sooner,I would have come here.