被动语态和过去分词做定语区别

Answer 1

1.语法作用不同

过去分词作定语时，分词相当于一个形容词，是定语的一种形式
被动语态是谓语的一种形式

2.表达的意义相同，都是表示被动

3.可以把过去分词作定语看成是定语从句省略了主语和系词
例如：

The tasty（美味） fruit doesn't come from a seed（种子）but from a root（根）____(plant) deep in the ground. [填planted]
例子中，可以把planted 看做 （that is） planted
I have a friend (who is) called Tom.

过去分词做后置定语,和被动语态分不开
助动词be+（及物动词）过去分词构成动词被动语态的形式,助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化,其变化规则与be作为系动词的变化完全一样.如
This kind of TV set is made in Nanjing.(一般现在时)
这种电视是南京制造的
The thief was arrested(一般过去式)
小偷被抓住了
而动词过去分词做后置定语是跟在动词后面的,没有助动词,如
a girl named Mary

被动语态与主动语态区别
英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者.如：
Many people speak English．（主动语态）
English is spoken by many people．（被动语态）
1．被动语态的构成
由于不及物动词不能带宾语,故无被动语态,只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的动词短语才有被动语态,其基本构成方式是“助动词be＋过去分词”.
注意：“be＋过去分词”结构不一定都是被动语态,有些动词（如 be,feel,look,seem等）后面的过去分词已转化为形容词,用作表语表示状态.如：
My bike is broken．（我的自行车坏了.）
The door is open．（门开了.）
2．主动语态改被动语态的方法
1）将主动语态改为被动语态应注意以下三个方面：①将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语；②将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be＋过去分词”结构；③将主动语态的主语改为介词by之后的宾语,放在谓语动词之后（有时可省略）.
2）含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态改为被动语态时有两种情况：①把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语,直接宾语仍保留原位；②把直接宾语改为主动语态的主语,此时,间接宾语前要加介词to或 for.如：
He gave the boy an apple．→The boy was given an apple．（或An apple was given to the boy．）
Her father bought her a present．→She was bought a present by her father．（或A present was bought for her by her father．）

Answer 2

被动语态和过去分词做定语的区别如下：
1、前置定语
单个的过去分词作定语,通常放在被修饰的名词之前,表示被动和完成意义.
A类:被动意义:
an honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人
The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.
受伤的工人现正在医院受到良好的照料.
B类:完成意义:
a retired teacher 一位退休的教师
They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard.
他们正在打扫院子里的落叶.
2、后置定语
过去分词短语作定语时,通常放在被修饰的名词之后,它的作用相当于一个定语从句.如:
This will be the best novel of its kind ever written (=that has ever been written).
这将是这类小说中写得最好的.
Who were the so-called guests invited (=who had been invited) to your party last night?
昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些所谓的客人是谁呀?
被动语态　1.一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词
　　Our classroom is cleaned everyday.
　　I am asked to study hard.
　　Knives are used for cutting things.
　　2.一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词
　　A new shop was built last year.
　　Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago.
　　3.现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词
　　This book has been translated into many languages.
　　Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.
　　4.一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词
　　A new hospital will be built in our city.
　　Many more trees will be planted next year.
　　5.含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词
　　Young trees must be watered often.
　　Your mistakes should be corrected right now.
　　The door may be locked inside.
　　Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.
　　6.现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词
　　Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→
　　My bike is being repaired by Tom now.
　　They are planting trees over there.→
　　Trees are being planted over there by them.
　　7.不定式的被动语态：to + be + 及物动词的过去分词
　　There are two books to be read.→
　　There are twenty more trees to be planted.

Answer 3

语法作用不同

过去分词作定语时，分词相当于一个形容词，是定语的一种形式
被动语态是谓语的一种形式

表达的意义相同，都是表示被动

可以把过去分词作定语看成是定语从句省略了主语和系词
例如：

The tasty（美味） fruit doesn't come from a seed（种子）but from a root（根）____(plant) deep in the ground.  [填planted]

  例子中，可以把planted 看做 （that is） planted
I have a friend (who is) called Tom.

Answer 4

过去分词做后置定语就是表示被动语态，两者没有区别可言，一个是修饰关系，一个是逻辑被动～
比如，the man killed by Tom was Mr. Li.这句话中the man就是被过去分词killed 修饰表被动！
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Answer 5

1、前置定语

单个的过去分词作定语,通常放在被修饰的名词之前,表示被动和完成意义。

A类:被动意义:

an honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人

The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.

受伤的工人现正在医院受到良好的照料。

B类:完成意义:

a retired teacher 一位退休的教师

They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard.

他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。

2、后置定语

过去分词短语作定语时,通常放在被修饰的名词之后,它的作用相当于一个定语从句。如:

This will be the best novel of its kind ever written (=that has ever been written).

这将是这类小说中写得最好的。

Who were the so-called guests invited (=who had been invited) to your party last night?

昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些所谓的客人是谁呀?