动词不定式与现在分词作定语两者有什么不同

Answer 1

不定式作定语的用法
不定式及其短语作定语,与其他短语作定语一样,一般都放在被修饰的词之后,通常表示一个将来的动作,有时也可以表示某一过去的特定动作.
一些名词后常用不定式作定语,如：chance(机会）,way(方法）,time(时间）等；另外,the first,the second,the last,the only等作名词或者它们作形容词用来修饰代词,它们或它们所修饰的代词后,也常用不定式作定语.
不定式作定语时,不定式与被修饰词之间存在的关系复杂,有的是主谓关系；有的是动宾关系；有的是动状关系,还有的不存在主谓、动宾、动状关系.
1、主谓关系的
（1）We must find a person to do the work.
(2) There is no one to take care of her.
(3) In my family,my mother is always the first one to get up.
(4) He is always the first to come and the last to leave.
(5) We need someone to go and get a doctor.
2、动宾关系的
如果不定式与被修饰的词在逻辑上存在动宾关系,不定式里的动词必须是及物动词.注意：是及物动词的,后面不要再加宾语,因为前面的被修饰词是它的宾语；是不及物动词的,要加上适当的介词或副词让它变成及物动词,只有这样,它才能带上前面的宾语.
（1） He has a lot of books to read.
(2) I would like a magazine to look at.
(3) Here is some advice for you to follow.
(4) Do you have anything else to say?
(5) There is no one to take care of.
(6) She has nothing to worry about.
3、动状关系的
被修饰词如果是不定式里动词的状语,应多用介词短语.由于被修饰词前没有介词,所以只能在不定式里的动词后加介词.
（1）Please give me some paper to write on.
(2) Let"s find a room to put these things in
(3） I have no house to live in.
(4) He has no pen to write with.
(5) There are five pairs to choose from.
4、不存在主谓、动宾、动状关系的
被修饰词与不定式里的动词不存在主谓、动宾、动状关系的,被修饰词多是些抽象名词.
（1）I have no time to go to the movie.
（2）There"s no need to send for a doctor.
(3) Where"s the best place to meet?
(4) Is that the way to do it?
(5） I"m not sure about his ability to complete the task alone 但是只能做后置定语.不可能前置的.
而现在分词作定语有多种形式，可以作后置定语或前置定语，主要表示逻辑主语所发出的动作，即主动形式
1.现在分词作定语时很多，有时单独作定语，放在所修饰的词前面：
He is a promising young man.他时一个有培养前途的青年。
It is a fascinating city.这是一座迷人的城市。
Wisconsin is the leading dairy state.威斯康星乳牛产品领先各州。
They are visiting in a neighbouring town.他们在临近一座城市访问。
2.也可引起一个短语，放在所修饰的词后面：
There is someone knocking at the door.有人在敲门。
I know a man working in that factory.我认识一个在那家工厂干活的人。
The girl sitting beside me is my cousin.坐在我旁边的姑娘是我的表妹。
Do you know the man talking to her?和她说话的男