翻译文言文《诸葛孔明》

Answer 1

孔明是伊尹、周公之类的圣贤人物。然而有关评说孔明的言论多有不同，这是因为他身逢乱世，而又正碰上精英豪雄们身处不幸的境况之中。在大家纷纷用世进取的时候，而唯独孔明退守一隅，结庐隐居，等到刘备多次登门造访请教，才肯出山做事。
孔明在白帝城接受托孤遗命后，暂主国政，他既不放弃理政权力，也不专断独行，然而众人没有说过孔明的闲话。他权力大，可力挺蜀主，但主上不会怀疑他有谋位的异心，他权势盖过所有臣子，然而没有受到群臣的嫉恨。他精心尽意治理蜀国，使得蜀国上下风俗教化整顿有序。宽宥小错，而不用严刑，因此没有像小霸王那种去施暴政。用轻松的方式役使百姓，所以即使百姓感到劳苦，也不会理会自己疲劳。用能让人求生的办法来刑杀犯人，即使死去，犯人也不会埋怨被杀。这些都是作为一个行王道的人主所能做到的事情。孔明都做得非常好了，他确实是一个伊尹、周公一类的圣贤人物。然而谈论他的人却说孔明自认为有管仲、乐毅的德能，寄身于偏远的地方，只是一个小霸主的臣子罢了。这怎么能和孔子在鲁国做官而把自己比作老子、彭祖一类人物放在一起相比谈论呢！还有些激烈的人，甚至以为孔明不能与仲达对抗，这与小孩的见识无异啊！那些人莫不是认为仲达的话说得对而相信了仲达？却不知道仲达的话都是些诡辩的话啊！仲达不能使他的诡谋得逞，因此经常暗中找寻孔明行军布阵的进退之机，妄自放出大话诡骗他的部下。谈论孔明的人只是没有细考到这一点罢了。
当初，孔明带兵出祁山，仲达带兵抵抗，他听说孔明将收割上邦的麦子，他就飞兵星夜前往扰袭。孔明因缺粮退兵，仲达诡辩说：“虽然我带兵星夜行军劳累将士一场，这是我懂得进军就要有所图。孔明不敢依渭水驻军，这是因为那里容易被攻占罢了”军中没有了现成的粮食，而要移军与敌人交战，即使能打赢对方，接下来的战斗如何去继续？这是稍有随机处变机智的人都肯定不会去做的。
仲达心里明白孔明会这样做，表面上假装着失言，诡诈哄骗他的部下。不久，孔明进攻斜谷，仲达又带兵抵抗。他知道孔明的军队还没有逼近渭水，就带兵先渡渭水，依渭水而筑成营垒。孔明带兵将到，仲达放出诡言说：“若诸葛亮是个勇敢的人，他应该进攻武功，在那里依山扎营列阵。如果进军五丈原，他们将无功而反。敌方的士兵已经处于绝死之地，而你带兵径直进攻，与他开战（这样做你肯定要吃亏）。这也是稍有随机处变机智的人都肯定不会去做的。
仲达知道孔明肯定不会进攻他驻军的地方,故意说这种话来掩饰他的胆怯，来表明自己能料事如神，而且可以安定众军士的军心。所以孔明带着严正的军队，不凭诡诈的手段，不贪图微小的战功（果然没有进攻仲达），仲达又发话了：“孔明志向远大，却不知道抓住作战的战机，计谋虽多，却不能决断用兵，表面会带兵却不能权宜行事。”
这些情况都是仲达暗中寻找孔明行军用兵进退制宜，而虚造欺诈语言哄骗部下的手法，这哪里是他的真实面目啊！
凡是能够察见一个人的真实面目，不在于敌人真实对阵的时候，而是在敌人被消灭之后。当仲达的敌人孔明真实与他对阵的时候，仲达说的那些话是事实。等到仲达的敌人被消灭之后，仲达按照自己的方法行军布阵，端坐军帐中自叹：“我真是天下用兵的奇才啊！”若对方察见他用兵的计谋，超出了他自己所不能做到的能力，他就感觉到自己心中怅然若失，不自觉地流露在言语中了。从这种情况，我们可以看到这个人的真面目了。谈论这事的人不信事件的真实情况，而相信他的诡诈语言，难道不是又被仲达的语言所诓骗了吗？
唐代的李靖，是谈论兵法最厉害的角色。我曾经读到他的兵法对答书，看到他论述孔明兵法高妙，法度委婉周详，曾经很看不起仲达的能力。那些精通兵法的人，本来都对兵法略知一二。一般读书的人，何尝不是这样认为的？孔明离现在将近千年了，没有能真正了解他心意的。我不平于对孔明评价的不幸，因此，写下这些文字表达个人的看法，让那些以成败论英雄的人或可作为借鉴。

Answer 2

The bore is YiYin zhou, like sage. However the comments about address different, because he is gone, and every male in the pure heroes with unfortunate situation. We use the progress in time, but only the corner, and withdraw LuYin r, wait times 8-page, liu mountain work will ask.
The bore in order to accept TuoGu adds much lustre after the pool, and he didn't give up, and don't governance power alone, but they didn't arbitrary said the bore of gossip. His power, force, but is not the lords shu is the suspicion that he seeks YiXin, his power over all the servants, but not by the grudges. He tries to elaborate, shu shu governance and custom enlightenment rectification and orderly. Small fault, not absolve torture, so no like little overlord that violence to politics. In a relaxed manner, so even if people USES people feel burdened, also won't ignore his fatigue. Can let a person to survive in the way to kill the prisoner, even torture, who also won't complain dying killed. These are as a line benevolent 2/3-inning can do something. The bore is doing very well, he is really a YiYin, zhou kind of sages. But the people said to him about that, since the tube zhong joy yi can guanzhong, in remote areas, just a little overlord servant. How can this view in lu and Confucius and compare yourself to laozi, PengZu type character together talking! Compared Some people even think of intense confrontation with the ZhongDa, it cannot be with child insight is! Those people that the words ZhongDa mountain and believe in ZhongDa? But don't know ZhongDa words are more sophisticated words! ZhongDa cannot make his deception, so often secretly seeks for the formation of the march, a big jump out from prefaced his trick. Talking about the people just don't fine to test it.
Initially, the soldiers qi mountain, ZhongDa goes out, he heard the resistance of the nations will harvest wheat, he will fly to pawn starry harassing. The lack of food, because they ZhongDa sophistry said: "although I soldiers marching soldiers a starry overworked, this is I know. The bore into will have not, because the WeiShui garrison according to capture it," there are no ready-made food army, but to move with the enemy forces, even to win the battle, then how to continue? This is a random ChuBian wit is sure not to do.
ZhongDa knew exactly will do so, on the surface of a slip of tongue, deceit coaxing pretended to his subordinates. Soon, the offense, ZhongDa and inclined valley soldiers resisted. He knew exactly WeiShui approximation of the army, he hasn't WeiShui before soldiers, and build WeiShui camp. The soldiers will come out, ZhongDa prefaced utterance: "if zhuge liang's a brave man, he should attack skill, where the mountain camp array. If the original into five cubits, and they will be reactive against enemy soldiers and is already. The land, and you die away with his soldiers attacking, straight war (do you must suffer). This is a random ChuBian wit is sure not to do.
ZhongDa know exactly sure he will attack the garrison, deliberately to conceal his say such things, according to the cowardly can foretell things accurately, and can settle the sergeant's will. So the bore with the army, not by solemnly deceitful means, not covet tiny exploits it not ZhongDa attack (ZhongDa), and yelled: "the ambitious, but don't know the combat aircraft, hold much counsel, but not only, the surface will bear soldiers but not expedient."
These are ZhongDa secretly for use in the march XuZao fraud, and based on the language, the subordinate trick where is his true colors!
Who can see the reality of the other person is not the enemy of truth, but against the enemy destroyed. When the enemy ZhongDa exactly true and he said, ZhongDa against those words are facts. The enemy destroyed ZhongDa until after ZhongDa, according to their method, JunZhang sits in the march from sigh: "I'm the only prodigy!" If only he were seen, beyond what he can do, he will feel a sense of loss, don't mind self-consciously reveal in speech. From this case, we can see the man's face. Talk about the things people don't believe the truth, and events that he isn't the deceit of language, the language of the KuangPian ZhongDa again?
In the tang dynasty, is LiJing about the war. I have read the book, he saw his art answer this war is safe, the euphemism, once very careful testimonies ZhongDa despise the ability. The master of art of war, savvy. Generally, the person did not read that? The bore is now nearly thousand years, not understand his mind. I on the evaluation of rough, so, write down these words to express individual opinion, let those by adversities hero or can be used as reference.