欣赏一首诗——《我的前公爵夫人》

Answer 1

这是凶手的独白。

这首诗的内容量非常大，适合一读再读，因为第一遍可能看不懂。

我的前公爵夫人

罗伯特.勃朗宁

（飞白 译）

墙上的这幅面是我的前公爵夫人，

看起来就像她活着一样。如今,

我称它为奇迹：潘道夫师的手

经一日忙碌，从此她就在此站立。

你愿坐下看看她吗？我有意提起

潘道夫，因为外来的生客（例如你）

凡是见了画中描绘的面容、

那真挚的眼神的深邃和热情，

没有一个不转向我（因为除我外

再没有别人把画上的帘幕拉开），

似乎想问我可是又不大敢问；

是从哪儿来的——这样的眼神？

你并非第一个人回头这样问我。

先生，不仅仅是她丈夫的在座

使公爵夫人面带欢容，可能

潘道夫偶然说过：“夫人的披风

盖住她的手腕太多，”或者说：

“隐约的红晕向颈部渐渐隐没

这绝非任何颜料所能复制。”

这种无聊话，却被她当成好意，

也足以唤起她的欢心。她那颗心——

怎么说好呢？——要取悦容易得很，

也太易感动。她看到什么都喜欢，

而她的目光又偏爱到处观看。

先生，她对什么都一样！她胸口上

佩戴的我的赠品，或落日的余光；

过分殷勤的傻子在园中攀折

给她的一枝樱桃，或她骑着

绕行花圃的白骡——所有这一切

都会使她同样地赞羡不绝，

或至少泛起红晕。她感激人．好的！

但她的感激（我说不上怎么搞的）

仿佛把我赐她的九百年的门第

与任何人的赠品并列。谁愿意

屈尊去谴责这种轻浮举止？即使

你有口才（我却没有）能把你的意志

给这样的人儿充分说明：“你这点

或那点令我讨厌。这儿你差得远

而那儿你超越了界限。”即使她肯听

你这样训诫她而毫不争论，

毫不为自己辩解，——我也觉得

这会有失身份，所以我选

绝不屈尊。哦，先生，她总是在微笑，

每逢我走过；但是谁人走过得不到

同样慷慨的微笑？发展至此，

我下了令：于是一切微笑都从此制止。

她站在那儿，像活着一样。请你起身

客人们在楼下等。我再重复一声：

你的主人——伯爵先生闻名的大方

足以充分保证：我对嫁妆

提出任何合理要求都不会遭拒绝；

当然．如我开头声明的，他美貌的小姐

才是我追求的目标。别客气，让咱们

一同下楼吧。但请看这海神尼普顿

在驯服海马，这是件珍贵的收藏，

是克劳斯为我特制的青铜铸像。

“我下了令：于是一切微笑都从此制止。”注意这句话，它将告诉你一个让人不寒而栗的事实：公爵直接或间接地害死了前公爵夫人。

然后再试着思考几个问题，并从文本中找答案。

一、公爵为什么要谋杀自己如花似玉的妻子？她真的像公爵描述的那样不堪吗？

二、海神驯服海马，象征着什么？

三、公爵为什么要和来使介绍前公爵夫人的画？他的目的可能达到吗？

思考完毕。关于公爵的性格和为人，以及公爵夫人的形象相信读者心里已经清晰了。

这首诗和芥川龙之介的《地狱变》有异曲同工之妙。同样是不可靠的叙述者，同样是暴戾残忍，手上沾染鲜血的上位者。读者需要小心地迈过矫饰的沼泽，拨开层层迷雾，发现可怖的真相。《地狱变》的画面感和本诗一样强，感兴趣的可以读一读。

勃朗宁的原文也值得一读。

My Last Duchess

Robert Browning

That’s my last Duchess painted on the wall,

Looking as if she were alive. I call

That piece a wonder, now; Fra Pandolf’s hands

Worked busily a day, and there she stands.

Will’t please you sit and look at her? I said

“Fra Pandolf” by design, for never read

Strangers like you that pictured countenance,

The depth and passion of its earnest glance,

But to myself they turned (since none puts by

The curtain I have drawn for you, but I)

And seemed as they would ask me, if they durst,

How such a glance came there; so, not the first

Are you to turn and ask thus. Sir, ’twas not

Her husband’s presence only, called that spot

Of joy into the Duchess’ cheek; perhaps

Fra Pandolf chanced to say, “Her mantle laps

Over my lady’s wrist too much,” or “Paint

Must never hope to reproduce the faint

Half-flush that dies along her throat.” Such stuff

Was courtesy, she thought, and cause enough

For calling up that spot of joy. She had

A heart—how shall I say— too soon made glad,

Too easily impressed; she liked whate’er

She looked on, and her looks went everywhere.

Sir, ’twas all one! My favour at her breast,

The dropping of the daylight in the West,

The bough of cherries some officious fool

Broke in the orchard for her, the white mule

She rode with round the terrace—all and each

Would draw from her alike the approving speech,

Or blush, at least. She thanked men—good! but thanked

Somehow—I know not how—as if she ranked

My gift of a nine-hundred-years-old name

With anybody’s gift. Who’d stoop to blame

This sort of trifling? Even had you skill

In speech—which I have not—to make your will

Quite clear to such an one, and say, “Just this

Or that in you disgusts me; here you miss,

Or there exceed the mark”—and if she let

Herself be lessoned so, nor plainly set

Her wits to yours, forsooth, and made excuse—

E’en then would be some stooping; and I choose

Never to stoop. Oh, sir, she smiled, no doubt,

Whene’er I passed her; butwho passed without

Much the same smile? This grew; I gave commands;

Then all smiles stopped together. There she stands

As if alive. Will’t please you rise?We’ll meet

The company below, then. I repeat,

The Count your master’s known munificence

Is ample warrant that no just pretense

Of mine for dowry will be disallowed;

Though his fair daughter’s self, as I avowed

At starting, is my object. Nay, we’ll go

Together down, sir. Notice Neptune, though,

Taming a sea-horse, thought a rarity,

Which Claus of Innsbruck cast in bronze for me!