英语中 主将从现和虚拟语气有什么联系? 有什么区别? 具体点解释~ 谢谢~

Answer 1

在复合句中，由when ,as soon as ,after ,before ,until , unless等引导的时间状语从句和由if 引导的条件状语从句，都符合“主将从现”的原则，即主句是一般将来时（或用一般现在时表示一般将来时的意义），从句要用一般现在时。这是历年中考的考查热点。 ①一般将来时 ②一般现在时
will do am/is/are
am /is/are going to do do/does
例：I’ll go to the zoo if it ________ tomorrow.
A. doesn’t rain B. will rain C. rains D. won’t rain (2005年甘肃省)
答案：A
I’ll give the note to her as soon as she back.(come)
答案：comes
中考链接：（下面这些题都是2004和2005年各省市的中考题）
1. If he _______ harder, he will catch up with us soon.
A. study B. studies C. will study D. studied (2004年北京市)
2. We’ll go to visit Tian’anmen Square ________ it doesn’t rain tomorrow.
A. if B. as soon as C. when D. since (2004年河北省)
3. – Do you know if we will go to the cinema tomorrow?
-- I think we’ll go if we _______ too much homework.
A. will have B. had C. won’t D. don’t have (2004 年长沙市)
4. Frank ______ to see his grandma if he ______ free tomorrow.
A. will come, will be B. comes, is
C. will come, is D. comes, will be (2004年吉林省)
5. I am waiting for my friend. ________ , I will go swimming alone.
A. If he doesn’t come B. If he won’t come
C. If he will come D. If he is coming (2004年陕西省)
6. – Will you come to the dinner party?
-- I won’t come unless Jenny __________ .
A. will be invited B. can be invited C. invited D. is invited (2004年安徽省)
7. Tomorrow is Sunday, Jim will go hiking with his friends if it __________ .
A. isn’t rain B. doesn’t rain C. won’t rain D. don’t rain (2004年哈尔滨市)
8. – How do you go to the zoo tomorrow?
-- If it _________ tomorrow, I’ll go there by car.
A. rains B. rain C. raining D. will rain (2004年甘肃省)
9. Young man! If you _________ again, you’ll lose your job.
A. will be B. were C. are D. have been (2004年南宁市)
10. Can you play games with us when your homework _________ ?
A. is finished B. will finish C. finish
D. will be finished (2004年四川省资阳市)
11. You will stay healthy ________ you do more exercises, such as running and walking.
A. if B. how C. before D. where (2004年北京市海淀卷)
12. I won’t believe that little Bob can run 100 metres in 15 seconds ______ I see it with my own eyes.
A. until B. after C. when D. if (2004年黑龙江省)
13. – I don’t know _______ he will come tomorrow.
-- Don’t worry. _______ he comes, I’ll let you know.
A. whether…If B. if …Whether C. when …Whether
D. that… If (2004年安徽省芜湖市)
14. – It’s 9 o’clock now. I must go.
-- It’s raining outside. Don’t leave ______ it stops.
A. when B. since C. while D. until (2005年北京市)
15. Frank _______ a film if he’s free next Saturday.
A. see B. saw C. has seen D. will see (2005年北京市)
16. If Mr Smith ________ back, please let me know.
A. will come B. comes C. came D. had come (2005年宁波市)
17. I don’t know if it ______ tomorrow. If it _________ , I will stay at home.
A. will rain, rains B. rains, will rain C. will rain, will rain (2005年哈尔滨市)
18. The sports meet will continue ________ it rains this afternoon.
A. if B. since C. as soon as D. unless (2005年天津市)
19. – I want to know when ______ have a field trip.
-- We’ll have it when all the work ________.
A. you are, will finish B. you will, finishes
C. you will, is finished D. you will, is finish (2005年辽宁省)
20. We won’t go to the park if it ________ tomorrow.
A. rains B. will rain C. is raining (2005年青海省)
答案：1.B 2.A 3.D 4.C 5.A 6.D 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.A 11.A 12.A 13.A 14.D 15.D 16.B 17.A 18.D 19.C 20.A

虚拟语气：
一、与现在事实相反
若与现在事实相反，虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。如：

If you took a taxi，you'd get there quicker. 如果你坐出租车去，你可以快一点到那里。(但你不坐)

If I knew her number I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的电话号码，我就可以给她打电话了。(可惜我不知道)

二、与过去事实相反

若与过去事实相反，虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”。如：

If I'd left sooner，I'd have been on time. 要是我早点动身，我就准时到了。(但我动身太迟了)

If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life. 要是我们当时早点找到他的话，我们就可以救活他。(可惜我们找到他太晚了)

三、与将来事实相反

若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。如：

If he went，would you go too? 如果他去，你也去吗?(大概他不会去)

If I asked him，I'm sure he'd help us. 如果我向他提出要求，肯定他会帮助我们。(不过我不打算这样做)

注意与说明：对于与将来事实相反的情形，请注意以下几点：

一是这里说的与将来事实相反，实为对将来情况的推测；

二是此用法中的条件从句谓语除用过去式外，有时也用“should+动词原形”(表示可能性极小，常译为“万一”)或“were to+动词原形”(表示与将来事实相反的假设)；

三是当条件从句使用“should+动词原形”这样的谓语时，主句谓语除可用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气外，也可用陈述语气或祈使语气。如：

I should see him, I'll tell him. 万一我见到他，我就告诉他。

If it should rain tomorrow, don’t expect me. 万一明天下雨，就别等我了