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Question

RESPONSIBLE PIONEER
Inkaterra can lay claim to being a true pioneer of responsible tourism: the lodge was established in 1975, long before the term was invented; indeed, even before 'ecotourism' was coined. 'We started in the early 1970s after putting together the team that produced [the Werner Herzog film] Aguirre, The Wrath of God,' Koechlin tells me. 'We had such a good team that the question was how to carry on with that group of people. The simple thought was that since we liked the rainforest,' why not try to find somewhere to start a lodge?
'And finally we came here,' he continues. 'At that time, Puerto Maldonado had a gravel airstrip. There was nobody here. Madre de Dios state covered 84,000 square kilometres but was home to only 6,000 people. It was a three-month journey to Cusco by road. So staples, or whatever else you needed, were very difficult to get. There was no food -- you had to go and say, "Lady, can you sell me your hen?'."
The low population density and the lack of roads into the region meant that it had been spared the rapacious logging that had taken place elsewhere in Peru. And after two years of searching for the right spot, Koechlin was awarded Peru's first ecotourism concession and Reserva Amazonica was born.
Right from the start, the operation had a science focus. Koechlin was particularly keen to create an inventory of the species present in the reserve, and he quickly set about inviting biologists to come and stay and study. 'If there's something that you care for, you want to understand it,' he says.
Among those who have since visited is the renowned Harvard biologist Professor Edward O Wilson, who identified 362 species of ant in the reserve-the highest diversity ever recorded from a single location. They join the 83 reptile, 60 amphibian, 366 bird, 136 mammal and 442 spider species recorded so far. Many of these species were first discovered here (a few have been named after Koechlin himself) and some have yet to be found elsewhere in Peru.
Working with these baseline inventories, Inkaterra now carries out regular monitoring to check the forest's health. 'The are five pieces of land within the concession that are used for permanent monitoring,' explains conservation and environment chief officer Dennis Osorio. 'Every two years, a group of researchers goes out and carries out new inventories.' A number of local subsistence farmers are employed as guides, taking the researchers along the five-kilometre transects that have been set up in the dense forest, just one of the many ways in which Inkaterra works to provide employment for local people.
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Answer 1

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