Blacks’ history in America (1660—1860)
American Blacks are without doubt all of African origin. The first group of 20 Blacks sold to English settlers of Virginia in 1619 were brought in by a Dutch ship. From that time to the mid—19th century, some 14 million blacks were transported from West Africa to Virginia and other southern colonies of the New World. Almost all of them were sold into slavery and subjected to white rule. Not only would they work for their masters as slaves for life but also their descendants would be slaves the moment they were born.
Of course no person would have voluntarily chosen to be sold away from his native country. He was either sold by his own rulers or captured by white slave traders as portrayed in Alex Haley’s novel Roots. Some of the details in Haley’s story were similar to those in other books. The kidnapping of slaves and their miserable life under the supervision of slave owners and overseers existed and the conditions on the voyage from Africa to America were horrible. The slaves’ bodies were bound together and their limbs either tied or chained with shackles like Kunta, an important character in Roots. The air in the holds was filthy with the smell of sweat, vomit and body waste. When they caught infections diseases, many slaves died on the voyage. Some even died of flogging or starvation. It was said that only about half slaves could survive the voyage. Though some survived, the fate of those survivors was no better than being sold at auction like animals.
After 1700, a large number of Africans arrived in America. In the first half of the Questions:
1. How did the first group of Blacks arrive in America?
2. Describe the voyage to America for the slaves on the ship.
3. Where did many of the slaves settle? Why?
参考资料:sdfjk
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