定语从句,表语从句,宾语从句的区分

Answer 1

定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分，定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。状语从句分为时间状语从句，结果状语从句，让步状语从句，原因状语从句，条件状语从句以及行为方式状语从句。名词从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句及there be句型。

一、 限定性定语从句

1. that即可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置

2. which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢

3. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括all, anything, much等，这时的that常被省略

4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语

5. where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句

6. when引导定语从句表示时间

〔注〕值得一提的是，表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导

By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.

I still remember the first time I met her.

Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.

7. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格

8. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时，常用there is来引导

二、非限定性定语从句：非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常和主句间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立

1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分

2. 在引导限定性定语从句时，that有时相当于in which, at which, for which或at which

Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变，这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。

I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐，而他恰恰与我相反。

We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 刚好我们到的那天他们走了。

3. 有时as也可用作关系代词

4. 在非限定性定语从句中，不能用that，而用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物

表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。

A 可接表语从句的连系动词
可接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, seem, sound, appear等。
China is no longer what she used to be.
今日的中国不再是过去的中国了。
The question remains whether they will be able to help us.
问题还是他们能否帮我们。
At that time, it seemed as if I couldn't think of the right word anyhow.
当时，我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。

B as, as if / though引导的表语从句
He looked just as he had looked ten years before.
他看起来还与十年前一样。
It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.
听起来好像有人在敲门。
C because, why引导的表语从句

That's because he didn't understand me.
那是因为他没有理解我。 (That's because...强调原因)
That's why he got angry with me.
那正是他对我生气的原因。 (That's why...强调结果)
点 津 坊
what引导的主语从句表示结果或名词reason作主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that引导，不宜用because。
The reason why I was sad was that he didn't understand me.
我难过的原因是他没有理解我。

D 使用虚拟语气的表语从句

在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的表语从句，谓语动词需用"should+动词原形"表示，should可省略。常见的词有：advice, suggestion, order, proposal, plan, idea等。
My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow.
我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。
His proposal was that they (should) challenge the other classes to a friendly competition.
他的提议是挑战别的班级进行一场友谊竞赛。

宾语从句

在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句的引导词和主语从句的引导词相同。宾语从句可以作及物动词的宾语，作短语动词的宾语，介词的宾语。

宾语从句：及物动词

Everybody knows that money doesn't grow on trees.

谁都知道钱不是长在树上。

Do you know where I can find her?

你知道在什么地方可以找到她？

Have you decided where you will go for a holiday?

你有没有决定到什么地方去度假？

宾语从句：短语动词

Please go and find out when the train will arrive.

请去弄清楚火车什么时候到。

The teacher pointed out that Tom hadn't studied hard enough.

老师指出汤姆学习不够努力。

That depends on how you do it.

那得看你怎么做的。

宾语从句：介词的宾语

I am curious as to what they are going to do next.

我对他们下一步打算做什么很感兴趣。

The twin sisters differ only in that one is a bit fatter than the other one.

这对双胞胎姐妹的区别，仅仅在于其中一个比另一个稍胖一点。

I am interested in what she is doing.

我对她做的事感兴趣。

宾语从句：介词的宾语

I am curious as to what they are going to do next.

我对他们下一步打算做什么很感兴趣。

The twin sisters differ only in that one is a bit fatter than the other one.

这对双胞胎姐妹的区别，仅仅在于其中一个比另一个稍胖一点。

I am interested in what she is doing.

我对她做的事感兴趣。

宾语从句：否定的转移

有些表示思想和感情的动词之后的宾语从句中的否定式可以注意到这些动词之前。

I don't suppose you're used to this diet.

= I suppose you aren't used to this diet.

我想你不习惯这种饮食。

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I don't imagine she will win the championship.

= I imagine she won't win the championship.

我认为她得不了冠军。

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I didn't expect she would pass the entrance examination.

I expected she wouldn't pass the entrance examination.

我以为她不能通过入学考试。

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以下括号内的句子比较不自然，但是也是可能出现的。

I don't think we have got enough time.

(= I think we haven't got enough time.)

我觉得我们的时间不够。

<>

I don't believe she'll arrive before 8.

(= I believe she won't arrive before 8.)

我相信她8点之前不会到。

Answer 2

从句是相对于主句而言的，即它是从属于某一个主句，而不能单独作一个句子。在英语中，主要有三大从句，即名词性从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）、形容词性从句（即定语从句）、副词性从句（即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等）。

主语从句用作主语，如：：

That the earth is round is true. 地球为圆的是真实的。

宾语从句用作宾语。如：

Do you know where he lives?

表语从句用作表语，如：

My opinion is that you should not go alone. 我的意见是你不应单独前往。

同位语从句用于解释说明前面的名词。如：

The fact that the earth is round is true. 地球是圆的的事实是真实的。（that从句用于解释说明the fact）

定语从句相当于一个形容词，用于修饰前面的名词。如：

The student who answered the question was John. 回答问题的学生是John.

状语从句相当于一个副词，如：

When it rains, I usually go to school by bus. 天下雨时，我通常坐公共汽车上学。（时间状语）

If he comes tomorrow, you will see him. 如果他明天来，你就可以看见他。（if 引导的条件状语从句，其结构为：if +状语从句，＋主句）。要注意在状语从句中有一个规则是“主将从现”，即主句是将来时，则从句要用一般现在时表示将来。

主句和从句的划分方法是相同的。句子的成分从谓语动词处来划分比较容易。谓语动词前面的部分是主语，后面常接宾语，修饰谓语动词的是状语，修饰主语、宾语的是定语，若谓语是系动词，则系动词后的部分是表语。如：

I am a teacher. 其中，I 是主语，am是谓语，a teacher 是表语。

He likes playing football very mucy. 其中，he是主语，likes是谓语，playing football是宾语，very much是状语。

Answer 3

宾语从句在行为动词后面
表语从句在系动词（am,is,are...)后面
定语从句有先行词，即前面有名词

Answer 4

从句在主句中所代的成分不同
分别代 主语 宾语 表语

Answer 5

第一个字不同