é«ä¸åå¦æ¹ç¨å¼å¤§å
¨
2Mg+TiCl4ï¼çèï¼===Ti+2MgCl2
Mg+2RbCl===MgCl2+2Rb
2Mg+CO2===2MgO+C
2Mg+SiO2===2MgO+Si
Mg+H2S===MgS+H2
Mg+H2SO4===MgSO4+H2
2Al+3Cl2===2AlCl3
4Al+3O2===2Al2O3ï¼éåï¼
4Al(Hg)+3O2+2xH2O===2(Al2O3.xH2O)+4Hg
4Al+3MnO2===2Al2O3+3Mn
2Al+Cr2O3===Al2O3+2Cr
2Al+Fe2O3===Al2O3+2Fe
2Al+3FeO===Al2O3+3Fe
2Al+6HCl===2AlCl3+3H2
2Al+3H2SO4===Al2(SO4)3+3H2
2Al+6H2SO4(æµ)===Al2(SO4)3+3SO2+6H2O
(Al,Feå¨å·,æµçH2SO4,HNO3ä¸éå)
Al+4HNO(ç¨)===Al(NO3)3+NO+2H2O
2Al+2NaOH+2H2O===2NaAlO2+3H2
2Fe+3Br2===2FeBr3
Fe+I2===FeI2
Fe+S===FeS
3Fe+4H2O(g)===Fe3O4+4H2
Fe+2HCl===FeCl2+H2
Fe+CuCl2===FeCl2+Cu
Fe+SnCl4===FeCl2+SnCl2
(éå¨é
¸æ§ç¯å¢ä¸,ä¸è½æåæ°¯åé¡å®å
¨
è¿å为åè´¨é¡ Fe+SnCl2==FeCl2+Sn)
ä¸, ééå±æ°¢åç©(HF,HCl,H2O,H2S,NH3)
1,è¿åæ§:
4HCl(æµ)+MnO2===MnCl2+Cl2+2H2O
4HCl(g)+O2===2Cl2+2H2O
16HCl+2KMnO4===2KCl+2MnCl2+5Cl2+8H2O
14HCl+K2Cr2O7===2KCl+2CrCl3+3Cl2+7H2O
2H2O+2F2===4HF+O2
2H2S+3O2(足é)===2SO2+2H2O
2H2S+O2(å°é)===2S+2H2O
2H2S+SO2===3S+2H2O
H2S+H2SO4(æµ)===S+SO2+2H2O
3H2S+2HNO(ç¨)===3S+2NO+4H2O
5H2S+2KMnO4+3H2SO4===2MnSO4+K2SO4+5S+8H2O
3H2S+K2Cr2O7+4H2SO4===Cr2(SO4)3+K2SO4+3S+7H2O
H2S+4Na2O2+2H2O===Na2SO4+6NaOH
2NH3+3CuO===3Cu+N2+3H2O
2NH3+3Cl2===N2+6HCl
8NH3+3Cl2===N2+6NH4Cl
4NH3+3O2(纯氧)===2N2+6H2O
4NH3+5O2===4NO+6H2O
4NH3+6NO===5N2+6HO(ç¨æ°¨æ¸
é¤NO)
NaH+H2O===NaOH+H2
4NaH+TiCl4===Ti+4NaCl+2H2
CaH2+2H2O===Ca(OH)2+2H2
2,é
¸æ§:
4HF+SiO2===SiF4+2H2O
ï¼æ¤ååºå¹¿æ³åºç¨äºæµå®ç¿æ ·æé¢æ ·ä¸SiO2çå«éï¼
2HF+CaCl2===CaF2+2HCl
H2S+Fe===FeS+H2
H2S+CuCl2===CuS+2HCl
H2S+2AgNO3===Ag2S+2HNO3
H2S+HgCl2===HgS+2HCl
H2S+Pb(NO3)2===PbS+2HNO3
H2S+FeCl2===
2NH3+2Na==2NaNH2+H2
(NaNH2+H2O===NaOH+NH3)
3ï¼ç¢±æ§ï¼
NH3+HCl===NH4Cl
NH3+HNO3===NH4NO3
2NH3+H2SO4===(NH4)2SO4
NH3+NaCl+H2O+CO2===NaHCO3+NH4Cl
ï¼æ¤ååºç¨äºå·¥ä¸å¶å¤å°èæï¼èæï¼
4ï¼ä¸ç¨³å®æ§ï¼
2HF===H2+F2
2HCl===H2+Cl2
2H2O===2H2+O2
2H2O2===2H2O+O2
H2S===H2+S
2NH3===N2+3H2
åï¼ééå±æ°§åç©
ä½ä»·æçè¿åæ§ï¼
2SO2+O2===2SO3
2SO2+O2+2H2O===2H2SO4
ï¼è¿æ¯SO2å¨å¤§æ°ä¸ç¼æ
¢åççç¯å¢åå¦ååºï¼
SO2+Cl2+2H2O===H2SO4+2HCl
SO2+Br2+2H2O===H2SO4+2HBr
SO2+I2+2H2O===H2SO4+2HI
SO2+NO2===SO3+NO
2NO+O2===2NO2
NO+NO2+2NaOH===2NaNO2
ï¼ç¨äºå¶ç¡é
¸å·¥ä¸ä¸å¸æ¶å°¾æ°ä¸çNOåNO2ï¼
2CO+O2===2CO2
CO+CuO===Cu+CO2
3CO+Fe2O3===2Fe+3CO2
CO+H2O===CO2+H2
3 é«ä¸åå¦æ¹ç¨å¼å¤§å
¨
æ°§åæ§ï¼
SO2+2H2S===3S+2H2O
SO3+2KI===K2SO3+I2
NO2+2KI+H2O===NO+I2+2KOH
ï¼ä¸è½ç¨æ·ç²KI溶液é´å«æº´è¸æ°åNO2ï¼
4NO2+H2S===4NO+SO3+H2O
2NO2+Cu===4CuO+N2
CO2+2Mg===2MgO+C
(CO2ä¸è½ç¨äºæçç±Mg,Ca,Ba,Na,Kççç§çç«ç¾)
SiO2+2H2===Si+2H2O
SiO2+2Mg===2MgO+Si
3,ä¸æ°´çä½ç¨:
SO2+H2O===H2SO3
SO3+H2O===H2SO4
3NO2+H2O===2HNO3+NO
N2O5+H2O===2HNO3
P2O5+H2O===2HPO3
P2O5+3H2O===2H3PO4
(P2O5ææå¸æ°´,å¯ä½æ°ä½å¹²ç¥å
P2O5+3H2SO4(æµ)===2H3PO4+3SO3)
CO2+H2O===H2CO3
4,ä¸ç¢±æ§ç©è´¨çä½ç¨:
SO2+2NH3+H2O===(NH4)2SO3
SO2+(NH4)2SO3+H2O===2NH4HSO3
(è¿æ¯ç¡«é
¸ååæ¶SO2çååº.å
ç¨æ°¨æ°´å¸æ¶SO2,
åç¨H2SO4å¤ç: 2NH4HSO3+H2SO4===(NH4)2SO4+2H2O+2SO2
çæçç¡«é
¸éµä½åè¥,SO2循ç¯ä½åææ°)
SO2+Ca(OH)2===CaSO3+H2O
(ä¸è½ç¨æ¾æ¸
ç³ç°æ°´é´å«SO2åCO2.å¯ç¨å红é´å«)
SO3+MgO===MgSO4
SO3+Ca(OH)2===CaSO4+H2O
CO2+2NaOH(è¿é)===Na2CO3+H2O
CO2(è¿é)+NaOH===NaHCO3
CO2+Ca(OH)2(è¿é)===CaCO3+H2O
2CO2(è¿é)+Ca(OH)2===Ca(HCO3)2
CO2+2NaAlO2+3H2O===2Al(OH)3+Na2CO3
CO2+C6H5ONa+H2O===C6H5OH+NaHCO3
SiO2+CaO===CaSiO3
SiO2+2NaOH===Na2SiO3+H2O
(常温ä¸å¼ºç¢±ç¼æ
¢è
èç»ç)
SiO2+Na2CO3===Na2SiO3+CO2
SiO2+CaCO3===CaSiO3+CO2
äº,éå±æ°§åç©
1,ä½ä»·æçè¿åæ§:
6FeO+O2===2Fe3O4
FeO+4HNO3===Fe(NO3)3+NO2+2H2O
2,æ°§åæ§:
Na2O2+2Na===2Na2O
ï¼æ¤ååºç¨äºå¶å¤Na2Oï¼
MgOï¼Al2O3å ä¹æ²¡ææ°§åæ§ï¼å¾é¾è¢«è¿å为Mgï¼Al.
ä¸è¬éè¿çµè§£å¶MgåAl.
Fe2O3+3H2===2Fe+3H2O (å¶è¿åéç²)
Fe3O4+4H2===3Fe+4H2O
3,ä¸æ°´çä½ç¨:
Na2O+H2O===2NaOH
2Na2O2+2H2O===4NaOH+O2
(æ¤ååºå两æ¥:Na2O2+2H2O===2NaOH+H2O2 ;
2H2O2===2H2O+O2. H2O2çå¶å¤å¯å©ç¨ç±»ä¼¼çååº:
BaO2+H2SO4(ç¨)===BaSO4+H2O2)
MgO+H2O===Mg(OH)2 (ç¼æ
¢ååº)
4,ä¸é
¸æ§ç©è´¨çä½ç¨:
Na2O+SO3===Na2SO4
Na2O+CO2===Na2CO3
Na2O+2HCl===2NaCl+H2O
2Na2O2+2CO2===2Na2CO3+O2
Na2O2+H2SO4(å·,ç¨)===Na2SO4+H2O2
MgO+SO3===MgSO4
MgO+H2SO4===MgSO4+H2O
Al2O3+3H2SO4===Al2(SO4)3+3H2O
(Al2O3æ¯ä¸¤æ§æ°§åç©:
Al2O3+2NaOH===2NaAlO2+H2O)
FeO+2HCl===FeCl2+3H2O
Fe2O3+6HCl===2FeCl3+3H2O
Fe2O3+3H2S(g)===Fe2S3+3H2O
Fe3O4+8HCl===FeCl2+2FeCl3+4H2O
å
,å«æ°§é
¸
1,æ°§åæ§:
4HClO3+3H2S===3H2SO4+4HCl
HClO3+HI===HIO3+HCl
3HClO+HI===HIO3+3HCl
HClO+H2SO3===H2SO4+HCl
HClO+H2O2===HCl+H2O+O2
(æ°§åæ§:HClO>HClO2>HClO3>HClO4,
ä½æµ,ççHClO4æ°§åæ§å¾å¼º)
2H2SO4(æµ)+C===CO2+2SO2+2H2O
2H2SO4(æµ)+S===3SO2+2H2O
H2SO4+Fe(Al) 室温ä¸éå
6H2SO4(æµ)+2Fe===Fe2(SO4)3+3SO2+6H2O
2H2SO4(æµ)+Cu===CuSO4+SO2+2H2O
H2SO4(æµ)+2HBr===SO2+Br2+2H2O
H2SO4(æµ)+2HI===SO2+I2+2H2O
H2SO4(ç¨)+Fe===FeSO4+H2
2H2SO3+2H2S===3S+2H2O
4HNO3(æµ)+C===CO2+4NO2+2H2O
6HNO3(æµ)+S===H2SO4+6NO2+2H2O
5HNO3(æµ)+P===H3PO4+5NO2+H2O
6HNO3+Fe===Fe(NO3)3+3NO2+3H2O
4HNO3+Fe===Fe(NO3)3+NO+2H2O
30HNO3+8Fe===8Fe(NO3)3+3N2O+15H2O
36HNO3+10Fe===10Fe(NO3)3+3N2+18H2O
30HNO3+8Fe===8Fe(NO3)3+3NH4NO3+9H2O
2,è¿åæ§:
H2SO3+X2+H2O===H2SO4+2HX
(X表示Cl2,Br2,I2)
2H2SO3+O2===2H2SO4
H2SO3+H2O2===H2SO4+H2O
5H2SO3+2KMnO4===2MnSO4+K2SO4+2H2SO4+3H2O
H2SO3+2FeCl3+H2O===H2SO4+2FeCl2+2HCl
3,é
¸æ§:
H2SO4(æµ) +CaF2===CaSO4+2HF
H2SO4(æµ)+NaCl===NaHSO4+HCl
H2SO4(æµ) +2NaCl===Na2SO4+2HCl
H2SO4(æµ)+NaNO3===NaHSO4+HNO3
3H2SO4(æµ)+Ca3ï¼PO4ï¼2===3CaSO4+2H3PO4
2H2SO4(æµ)+Ca3ï¼PO4ï¼2===2CaSO4+Caï¼H2PO4ï¼2
3HNO3+Ag3PO4===H3PO4+3AgNO3
2HNO3+CaCO3===Caï¼NO3ï¼2+H2O+CO2
ï¼ç¨HNO3åæµH2SO4ä¸è½å¶å¤H2Sï¼HIï¼HBrï¼ï¼SO2ï¼
çè¿åæ§æ°ä½ï¼
4H3PO4+Ca3ï¼PO4ï¼2===3Caï¼H2PO4ï¼2ï¼ééï¼
H3PO4ï¼æµï¼+NaBr===NaH2PO4+HBr
H3PO4ï¼æµï¼+NaI===NaH2PO4+HI
4ï¼ä¸ç¨³å®æ§ï¼
2HClO===2HCl+O2
4HNO3===4NO2+O2+2H2O
H2SO3===H2O+SO2
H2CO3===H2O+CO2
H4SiO4===H2SiO3+H2O
ä¸ï¼ç¢±
ä½ä»·æçè¿åæ§ï¼
4Feï¼OHï¼2+O2+2H2O===4Feï¼OHï¼3
ä¸é
¸æ§ç©è´¨çä½ç¨ï¼
2NaOH+SO2ï¼å°éï¼===Na2SO3+H2O
NaOH+SO2ï¼è¶³éï¼===NaHSO3
2NaOH+SiO2===NaSiO3+H2O
2NaOH+Al2O3===2NaAlO2+H2O
2NaOH+Cl2===NaCl+NaClO+H2O
NaOH+HCl===NaCl+H2O
NaOH+H2Sï¼è¶³éï¼===NaHS+H2O
2NaOH+H2Sï¼å°éï¼===Na2S+2H2O
3NaOH+AlCl3===Alï¼OHï¼3+3NaCl
NaOH+Alï¼OHï¼3===NaAlO2+2H2O
ï¼AlCl3åAlï¼OHï¼3åªä¸ªé
¸æ§å¼ºï¼ï¼
NaOH+NH4Cl===NaCl+NH3+H2O
Mgï¼OHï¼2+2NH4Cl===MgCl2+2NH3.H2O
Al(OH)3+NH4Cl ä¸æº¶è§£
3,ä¸ç¨³å®æ§:
Mg(OH)2===MgO+H2O
2Al(OH)3===Al2O3+3H2O
2Fe(OH)3===Fe2O3+3H2O
Cu(OH)2===CuO+H2O
å
«,ç
1,æ°§åæ§:
2FeCl3+Fe===3FeCl2
2FeCl3+Cu===2FeCl2+CuCl2
(ç¨äºéå»é线路ç)
2FeCl3+Zn===2FeCl2+ZnCl2
FeCl3+Ag===FeCl2+AgC
Fe2(SO4)3+2Ag===FeSO4+Ag2SO4(è¾é¾ååº)
Fe(NO3)3+Ag ä¸ååº
2FeCl3+H2S===2FeCl2+2HCl+S
2FeCl3+2KI===2FeCl2+2KCl+I2
FeCl2+Mg===Fe+MgCl2
2,è¿åæ§:
2FeCl2+Cl2===2FeCl3
3Na2S+8HNO3(ç¨)===6NaNO3+2NO+3S+4H2O
3Na2SO3+2HNO3(ç¨)===3Na2SO4+2NO+H2O
2Na2SO3+O2===2Na2SO4
3,ä¸ç¢±æ§ç©è´¨çä½ç¨:
MgCl2+2NH3.H2O===Mg(OH)2+NH4Cl
AlCl3+3NH3.H2O===Al(OH)3+3NH4Cl
FeCl3+3NH3.H2O===Fe(OH)3+3NH4Cl
4,ä¸é
¸æ§ç©è´¨çä½ç¨:
Na3PO4+HCl===Na2HPO4+NaCl
Na2HPO4+HCl===NaH2PO4+NaCl
NaH2PO4+HCl===H3PO4+NaCl
Na2CO3+HCl===NaHCO3+NaCl
NaHCO3+HCl===NaCl+H2O+CO2
3Na2CO3+2AlCl3+3H2O===2Al(OH)3+3CO2+6NaCl
3Na2CO3+2FeCl3+3H2O===2Fe(OH)3+3CO2+6NaCl
3NaHCO3+AlCl3===Al(OH)3+3CO2
3NaHCO3+FeCl3===Fe(OH)3+3CO2
3Na2S+Al2(SO4)3+6H2O===2Al(OH)3+3H2S
3NaAlO2+AlCl3+6H2O===4Al(OH)3
5,ä¸ç¨³å®æ§:
Na2S2O3+H2SO4===Na2SO4+S+SO2+H2O
NH4Cl===NH3+HCl
NH4HCO3===NH3+H2O+CO2
2KNO3===2KNO2+O2
2Cu(NO3)3===2CuO+4NO2+O2
2KMnO4===K2MnO4+MnO2+O2
2KClO3===2KCl+3O2
2NaHCO3===Na2CO3+H2O+CO2
Ca(HCO3)2===CaCO3+H2O+CO2
CaCO3===CaO+CO2
MgCO3===MgO+CO2
é«ä¸åå¦æ¹ç¨å¼æ»ç»
ééå±åè´¨ï¼F2 ï¼Cl2 , O2 , S, N2 , P , C , Siï¼
1, æ°§åæ§ï¼
F2 + H2 === 2HF
F2 +Xe(è¿é)===XeF2
2F2ï¼è¿éï¼+Xe===XeF4
nF2 +2M===2MFn (表示大é¨åéå±)
2F2 +2H2O===4HF+O2
2F2 +2NaOH===2NaF+OF2 +H2O
F2 +2NaCl===2NaF+Cl2
F2 +2NaBr===2NaF+Br2
F2+2NaI ===2NaF+I2
F2 +Cl2 (çä½ç§¯)===2ClF
3F2 (è¿é)+Cl2===2ClF3
7F2(è¿é)+I2 ===2IF7
Cl2 +H2 ===2HCl
3Cl2 +2P===2PCl3
Cl2 +PCl3 ===PCl5
Cl2 +2Na===2NaCl
3Cl2 +2Fe===2FeCl3
Cl2 +2FeCl2 ===2FeCl3
Cl2+Cu===CuCl2
2Cl2+2NaBr===2NaCl+Br2
Cl2 +2NaI ===2NaCl+I2
5Cl2+I2+6H2O===2HIO3+10HCl
Cl2 +Na2S===2NaCl+S
Cl2 +H2S===2HCl+S
Cl2+SO2 +2H2O===H2SO4 +2HCl
Cl2 +H2O2 ===2HCl+O2
2O2 +3Fe===Fe3O4
O2+K===KO2
S+H2===H2S
2S+C===CS2
S+Fe===FeS
S+2Cu===Cu2S
3S+2Al===Al2S3
ç²ç·çç§
CH4+2O2âCO2+2H2O(æ¡ä»¶ä¸ºç¹ç)
ç²ç·éç»ç©ºæ°é«æ¸©å解
ç²ç·å解å¾å¤æï¼ä»¥ä¸æ¯æç»å解ãCH4âC+2H2ï¼æ¡ä»¶ä¸ºé«æ¸©é«åï¼å¬ååï¼
ç²ç·åæ°¯æ°åçå代ååº
CH4+Cl2âCH3Cl+HCl
CH3Cl+Cl2âCH2Cl2+HCl
CH2Cl2+Cl2âCHCl3+HCl
CHCl3+Cl2âCCl4+HCl ï¼æ¡ä»¶é½ä¸ºå
ç
§ã ï¼
å®éªå®¤å¶ç²ç·
CH3COONa+NaOHâNa2CO3+CH4ï¼æ¡ä»¶æ¯CaO å çï¼
ä¹ç¯çç§
CH2=CH2+3O2â2CO2+2H2O(æ¡ä»¶ä¸ºç¹çï¼
ä¹ç¯å溴水
CH2=CH2+Br2âCH2Br-CH2Br
ä¹ç¯åæ°´
CH2=CH2+H20âCH3CH2OH ï¼æ¡ä»¶ä¸ºå¬ååï¼
ä¹ç¯åæ°¯åæ°¢
CH2=CH2+HClâCH3-CH2Cl
ä¹ç¯åæ°¢æ°
CH2=CH2+H2âCH3-CH3 ï¼æ¡ä»¶ä¸ºå¬ååï¼
ä¹ç¯èå
nCH2=CH2â-[-CH2-CH2-]n- ï¼æ¡ä»¶ä¸ºå¬ååï¼
æ°¯ä¹ç¯èå
nCH2=CHClâ-[-CH2-CHCl-]n- ï¼æ¡ä»¶ä¸ºå¬ååï¼
å®éªå®¤å¶ä¹ç¯
CH3CH2OHâCH2=CH2â+H2O ï¼æ¡ä»¶ä¸ºå çï¼æµH2SO4ï¼
ä¹ççç§
C2H2+3O2â2CO2+H2O ï¼æ¡ä»¶ä¸ºç¹çï¼
ä¹çå溴水
C2H2+2Br2âC2H2Br4
ä¹çåæ°¯åæ°¢
两æ¥ååºï¼C2H2+HClâC2H3Cl--------C2H3Cl+HClâC2H4Cl2
ä¹çåæ°¢æ°
两æ¥ååºï¼C2H2+H2âC2H4âC2H2+2H2âC2H6 ï¼æ¡ä»¶ä¸ºå¬ååï¼
å®éªå®¤å¶ä¹ç
CaC2+2H2OâCa(OH)2+C2H2â
以é£çãæ°´ãç³ç°ç³ãç¦ç为åæåæèä¹ç¯çæ¹ç¨å¼ã
CaCO3 === CaO + CO2 2CaO+5C===2CaC2+CO2
CaC2+2H2OâC2H2+Caï¼OHï¼2
C+H2O===CO+H2-----é«æ¸©
C2H2+H2âC2H4 ----ä¹çå æçæä¹ç¯
C2H4å¯èå
è¯çç§
2C6H6+15O2â12CO2+6H2O ï¼æ¡ä»¶ä¸ºç¹çï¼
è¯å液溴çå代
C6H6+Br2âC6H5Br+HBr
è¯åæµç¡«é
¸æµç¡é
¸
C6H6+HNO3âC6H5NO2+H2O ï¼æ¡ä»¶ä¸ºæµç¡«é
¸ï¼
è¯åæ°¢æ°
C6H6+3H2âC6H12 ï¼æ¡ä»¶ä¸ºå¬ååï¼
ä¹éå®å
¨çç§çæ¹ç¨å¼
C2H5OH+3O2â2CO2+3H2O ï¼æ¡ä»¶ä¸ºç¹çï¼
ä¹éçå¬åæ°§åçæ¹ç¨å¼
2CH3CH2OH+O2â2CH3CHO+2H2Oï¼æ¡ä»¶ä¸ºå¬ååï¼ï¼è¿æ¯æ»æ¹ç¨å¼ï¼
ä¹éåçæ¶å»ååºçæ¹ç¨å¼
CH3CH2OHâCH2=CH2+H2O ï¼æ¡ä»¶ä¸ºæµç¡«é
¸ 170ææ°åº¦ï¼
两ååä¹éåçååé´è±æ°´
2CH3CH2OHâCH3CH2OCH2CH3+H2O (æ¡ä»¶ä¸ºå¬ååæµç¡«é
¸ 140ææ°åº¦)
ä¹éåä¹é
¸åçé
¯åååºçæ¹ç¨å¼
CH3COOH+C2H5OHâCH3COOC2H5+H2O
ä¹é
¸åé
Mg+2CH3COOHâ(CH3COO)2Mg+H2
ä¹é
¸åæ°§åé
2CH3COOH+CaOâ(CH3CH2ï¼2Ca+H2O
ä¹é
¸å氢氧åé
CH3COOCH2CH3+NaOHâCH3COONa+CH3CH2OH
ä¹é
¸å碳é
¸é
Na2CO3+2CH3COOHâ2CH3COONa+H2O+CO2â
ç²éåæ°å¶ç氢氧åé
HCHO+4Cu(OH)2â2Cu2O+CO2â+5H2O
ä¹éåæ°å¶ç氢氧åé
CH3CHO+2CuâCu2O(æ²æ·)+CH3COOH+2H2O
ä¹éæ°§å为ä¹é
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