主谓一致

Question

高中时自己没有怎么太在意语法，那时候自己就简单的认为不管主语是名词性从句，非谓语动词还是其他，只要主语不是I,you,we并且为单数都可以看作是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，至于I,you,we后的动词都看作是固定搭配。但来到大学，由于自己有些时间不看英语了，看到主谓一致定义：谓语的单复数随主语变化，主语为单数时谓语动词用单数形式，主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。那么什么是谓语的单复数？高中自己没有在意过这个概念。我在图书馆翻阅了好多图书，都没有对于什么是谓语动词单复数的解释，并且哪些主语是第三人称单数也没有一点介绍，所以我就乱了，希望指点。

Answer 1

英语高考专题复习讲与练10
主谓致和倒装

、考点聚焦
1、语法形式上致
主语单数形式谓语动词用单数形式；主语复数形式谓语动词也用复数形式
The number of students in ourschool is 1,700.
Mary and Kelly look alike.
2、意义上致
（1）主语形式虽单数意义复数谓语动词用复数
The crowd were runing for theirlives.
单数形式代表复数内容词有people、police、cattle等
（2）主语形式复数而意义上却单数谓语动词用单数The news is very exciting.
形复意单单词有new、works（工厂）、means和ics结尾学科名称physics、poli-tics、economics等
3、近原则即谓语动词单复数形式取决于靠近词语连词or、either … or、neither … nor、not only … but also等连接并列主语单数复数谓语动词与靠近主语致
Either you or I am mad.
4、应注意若干问题
（1）名词作主语
①某些集体名词family、team等作主语时作整体看待谓语用单数反之用复数
My family is going out for a trip.
The whole family are watching TV.
类词常有audience、class club、committee、company、crew、crowd、enemy、government、group、party、public、team等
Population和a group(crowd)of + 复数名词也适用于种情况强调整体用单数强调各部分用复数
②某些集体名词people、police、cattle、oxen只当复数看待谓语动词必须用复数
③单、复数同形名词作主语时谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数
A sheep is over there. Some sheepare over there.
④名词所有格之名词被省略种情况般只指商店、工场、住宅等；作主语时动词般用单数My uncle’s is not for from here.
常见省略名词有the baker’s 、the barbar’s、the Zhang’s等
表示店铺名词般作集体名词看待用作主语时谓语动词往往用复数：
Richardson’s have a lot of old goods tosell.
⑤当名词词组心词表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时往往根据意义致原则把些复数名词看作整体谓语用单数
Thirty years has passed.
Five minutes is enough to finishthe task.
⑥定代词each、every、no所修饰名词即使and或逗号连接成多主语时谓语动词仍用单数形式：
Each boy and each girlin my class has a dictionary.
⑦主语有more than one … 或many a … 构成尽管从意义上
看复数内容谓语动词用单数形式
More than one student has seen theplay.
Many a boy has bought that kind oftoy.
more + 复数名词+ than one结构之谓语用复数
⑧些由两部分构成名词表示衣物或工具作主语时谓语通常用复数形式glasses、clothes、trousers、shoes、compasses、chopsticks、scissors等
主语用a kind of、apair of、a series of等加名词构成时谓语动词般用单数形式
A pair of shoes was on the desk.
⑨this kind of book = abook of this kind(种书)其谓语动词；短语this kind of men = men of this kind = these kind of
men(口语)（类人）this kind of men谓语用单数men of this kind和these kind of men谓语用复数all kinds of跟复数名词谓语用复数形式：
This kind of men is dangerous.
Men of theis kind/sort aredangerous.
⑩复数形式单、复数同形名词作主语时按意义致原则用作单数意义时谓语用单数反之谓语用复数类名词有means、works、species(种类)、Chinese、Japanese等当们前面有 a、such a、this、that修饰时谓语用单数；有all、such、these、those修饰时谓语用复数
11名词词组心词all、most、half、rest等词语所指复数意义谓语动词用复数形式反之用单数
All of my students work hard.
All of the oil is gone.
12主谓倒装句子谓语动词数应与其主语致：
Between the two windows hangs anoil painting.
（2）由连接词连接名词作主语
①用and或both … and 连接并列主语谓语动词通常用复数形式并列主语指同人同事物或同概念时谓语动词用单数形式时and面名词没有冠词
Truth and honesty is the bestpolicy.
To love and to be loved is thegreat happiness.
Going to bed early and getting upearly is a good habit.
A knife and fork is on the table.
②当主语面跟有as well as、as much as、no less than、alongwith、with、like、rather than、togetherwith、but、except、besides、including、in addition to等引导词组时采取远原则
③or、either … or、neigher… nor、not only … but also等连接词作主语时采取近原则
（3）代词作主语
①名词型物主代词连接动词既用单数也用复数取决于所代替单数还复数
Ours (Our Party) is a great Party.
Your shoes are white, mine (= myshoes) are black.
②such、the same起指示代词作用时应根据其所指内容来决定单、复数
Such is our plan. Such are hislast words.
③关系代词who、that、which等定语从句作主语时其谓语动词数应与句先行词数致
④疑问词who、what、which作主语时谓语动词根据说人所要表达意思决定单、复数
Who lives next door? It is XiaoLiu.
Who lives next door? It is Wangand Li.
⑤定代词any、either、neither、none、all、some、more等作主语时要注意下列情况：
（A）单独作主语时视其文意义动词用单数或复数形式Now all has been changed. All are present.（B）其接of时若of宾语数名词动词用单数形式；若of宾语复数名词或代词时动词单数也复数；正式文体单数形式动词更常用Do (es) any of you know about theaccident? None of us has
(have) seen the film.
（4）分数、量词作主语
①分数或百分数 +　名词构成短语及由a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heapsof, half of + 名词构成短语作主语时其谓语动词要与短语of面名词数保持致因短语面名词心词而短语前面量词修饰语：
Lots of damage was caused byflood.
A number of students have gone tothe countryside.
A large quantity of people isneeded here.
Quantities of food (nuts) werestill on the table.
②a great deal of、a large amount of修饰数名词其短语作主语时谓语动词通常用单数；large amounts of修饰数名词其短语作主语时谓语动词通常用复数
③表示数量oneand a half名词要用复数形式其短语作主语时谓语动词用单数形式
One and a half apples is left onthe table.
④half of、(a)part of修饰数名词单数及数名词时谓语动词用单数修饰数名词复数时谓语动词用复数
(5)名词化形容词作主语
主语由the + 形容词（或分词）结构担任时谓语通常用复数类词有the rich、the poor、thebrave、the injured、the living、thewounded等表抽象也用单数the unknown、the beautiful等
（6）从句作主语
①由what引导主语从句谓语动词通常用单数所指具体内容复数意义时谓语动词般用复数形式
What we need is more money.
What we need are morepeople/teachers.
②oneof + 复数名词 + who/that/which引导从句结构关系代词who/that/which先行词靠近复数名词而one因此从句谓语动词也应该复数形式one前有theonly则用单数形式
This is one of the mostinteresting stories that have been told by my father.
She was the only one of the girlswho was late for class today.
（7）定式、名动词（短语）作主语用单数形式；There be句型be单复数取决于be第词数
There is a book, two pens on thedesk.
There are two pens, a book on thedesk.
5、倒装句要点复习
（1）there、here、now、then、such引导引起人们注意招呼句要倒装
There goes the bell. Here comesthe bus.
（2）表示动态状语置于句首时句子要倒装
Off went the horse. In came theboss.
From the speaker comes thedoctor’s voice.
（3）表示地点词语置于句首或强调地点概念时
South of the town lie two steelfactories.
Between the two buildings stands atall tree.
注意：句子主语人称代词时句子倒装
Here it is. Away they went.
（4）否定词never、seldom、hardly、scarcely、barely、rarely、little、not、nowhere、by no means、atno time、neither、nor等放句首时句子常倒装：
By no means shall we give up.
Never have I been to the USA.
Seldom does she get up late in themorning.
（5）notonly … but also … no sooner … than …、hardly… when …、scarcely … when …、not until …、so… that …、such … that …句型主句倒装从句倒装要注意：neither … nor … 连接句子前两分句都要倒装
Not only is she smart but also sheis beautiful.
Such great progress did he makethat he was praised.
So heavy is the box that I can’tcarry it.
Neither has he a pencil, nor hashe a pen.
（6）Only+ 状语或状语从句 +其（only句首时要倒装）
Only then did I realize theimportance of learning English.
（7）so、neither、nor放句首时表示前面情况也适用于另人或物时用部分倒装
（8）表语或状语或动词原形 + as/though + 主语+ 其时句子要倒装（让步状语从句）
Proud as they are, theyare afraid to see me.
Child as he is, he seemsto know everything.（child前加冠词）
Hard ashe worded, he made little progress.
（9）虚拟语气用倒装代替if
Were I you, I would go there atonce.
Had you come yesterday, you couldhave helped us.
（10）些表示祝愿句子
May you succeed!
Long livethe People’s Republic of China!

Answer 2

主谓一致的语法
一、最基本的"主谓一致"规则
初中课本中最基本的"主谓一致"规则是："单则单，复则复"，即主语为单数时，谓语动词也用相应的单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词也用相应的复数形式。例如：I am a teacher. We are teachers. 但要注意：当表示时间、长度、距离、金钱、度量等词组作主语时，常将其看作是一个整体，谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：Two years is quite a long time. Ten dollars is enough.另外，加减乘除也常当作整体对待，谓语动词也用单数形式。例如：Forty-one plus fifty-nine is one hundred. How much isninety-nine minus sixty-two?
二、集体名词作主语时，谓语动词的使用
family, class, team等集体名词作主语时，若指一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；但若指其成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：The family is very big. Their family arewatching TV now.
三、neither... nor..., either...or..., not...but...，not only... but also...等连词连接两个名词(或代词)作主语时，谓语动词要与靠近它的主语一致。例如：Neither he nor I know anything about it. Notonly the students but also the teacher has visited the museum. there be…结构也属于此类。例如：There is a teacher,a desk, a blackboard, some desks andsome chairs in the classroom.但要注意：both…and…表示"……和……都"，谓语动词一般用复数形式。例如：Both his father and mother are doctors.
四、两个主语用and连接时，谓语动词的使用
and连接两个名词(或代词)作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。例如：Mary and Helen are good friends.但要注意：and连接的两个名词只表示一个概念时，谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：A singer and dancer is coming.一个歌手兼舞蹈家就要来了。
五、politics, physics, works, the United States,news, maths等词作主语时，谓语动词的使用
这类形式上为复数，意义上却是单数的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：The news is very exciting. Physics is a bitdifficult for me.但要注意有些名词，如：people(人；人们),police等则是形式为单数，意义是复数，谓语动词要用复数形式。例如：People there are very friendly
六、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词的使用
1.something, everything, anything, nothing,everybody, anybody, nobody, everyone, anyone等复合不定代词，以及either,neither(neither of), each (each of), each one, no one, another等代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：Neither of the answers is right. Somethingis wrong with my computer.
2. both, few, a few, many, several, others作主语，或它们所修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。例如：A few people can live to 100, but few canlive to 150. Both of them are in my class.
七、with, as well as, like等修饰的单数名词作主语，谓语动词的使用
单数名词作主语，且后面有with, as well as, like等修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：1.The teacher with his students has gone to the library. 2.Is the womanlike you your mother? 3.The instrument as well as other spare parts is going tobe airlifted soon. (该仪器以及其它一些备用件不久将空运。)
八、动词不定式(或动词不定式短语)，V-ing形式以及名词性从句作主语，谓语动词的使用
动词不定式(或动词不定式短语)，V-ing形式以及名词性从句作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：1.To eat in a fast food restaurant is cheapand saves time. 2.Climbing hills is good exercise. 3.What interests the workersmost is better wages and workingconditions. (工人们最关注的是好的工资待遇和工作条件。

Answer 3

主语第三人称单数是指he she it 以及所有的单数可数名词和不可数名词，都算作第三人称单数。
谓语的复数概念是指不用加s的形式，也就是常讲的原型形式（be除外）。
he needs a book.三单主语+单数谓语形式
she needs a book.三单主语+单数谓语形式
i need a book.第一人称单数+非三单谓语形式
you need a book.第二人称单数+非三单谓语形式
we need books.第一人称复数主语+非三单谓语形式，也就是你说的谓语复数形式

追问

你说主语第三人称单数是指he she it 以及所有的单数可数名词和不可数名词，都算作第三人称单数。那非谓语动词和名词性从句等做主语呢？

追答

也看做第三人称单数