which和that的比较、区别？

Answer 1

which和that的区别为：

一、指代不同

1、which：哪一些。

2、that：那个。

二、侧重点不同

1、which：非限制性定语从句中关系代词一般要用which。

2、that：先行词是all、anything、everything、nothing等，关系代词应用that。

三、引证用法不同

1、which：which用作疑问代词时，在特殊疑问句中用作宾语或主语。which用作关系代词，可引导限制性定语从句或非限制性定语从句。

2、that：that用作连词时可引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和状语从句。that还常引导间接引语或形容词后面的从句。

Answer 2

that和which做比较，主要在于它们在定语从句中的用法
that 和which在定语从句中都是做关系代词，指代先行词是事物的名词或代词（that还可以指代人，which 不可以）。通常情况下二者可以互换。

区别：
关系代词用that（不用which）的情况：
1. 先行词是all, anything, everything, nothing等,关系代词应用that
That's all that he told me.
2.先行词前有the only, the same, the very 或no, little, much, any, every, all 等修饰时,关系代词应用that
She is the only person that I know in this company.
3. 先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,关系代词常用that
The first thing that I want to do is to take it away.
4. 当先行词同时含有"人"或"物"时,关系代词应用that
5. 在固定结构the same...that...; so...that...; such...that...以及it is/was...that...的强调句型中,要用that
This is the same park that we once visited.
6. 如主句以there be开头时,关系代词应用that
There is a room that has two windows.

关系代词用which（不用that）的情况：
1. 非限制性定语从句中关系代词一般要用which
She won the competition, which made the whole family very happy.
2. 关系代词前如有介词,关系代词须用 which; 如把介词移至句末,可用that(或省略)
There’s only one problem about which they disagree.
This is the key (that) she was looking for.
3. 如果先行词是that,关系代词应用 which
I know that which you told me.
4. 如先行词和定语从句之间被其它较长的成分分隔,常用which
Larry told her the story of the young airman which I narrated at the beginning of this book. (先行词为story)
5. 在"those+复数形式的名词"结构中,其后的关系代词多用which
A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best.
6. 一个句子中如有两个定语从句,第一个定语从句用了关系代词that,第二个从句中的关系代词宜用which;但在平行结构中,应重复同一个关系代词
This is the book that you bought which you have lost.
I have a house which is located on the hillside, which faces the south.

此外，that还可引导同位语从句,which不能
I have heard the news that they had won the game.

Answer 3

关系代词that与which指物时，往往可以互换，但在下列句中多用that：
1.All that glitters is not gold. 闪光的东西不都是金子。（不定代词包括复合词something 等多后接that）
2.It was the largest map that I ever saw. 那是我所见过的最大的地图。（前有形容词最高级等的先行词之后多用that）
3.It was education that brought about such a big change in his life. 是教育给他的生活带来了如此大的变化。（强调结构用that）
4.Which was the hotel that was recommended to you? 哪一个是推荐给你的旅馆？ (这里用that 显然是为了避免重复which)
5.The room that faces the south is mine. 朝南的那个房间是我的。（that在此表固有的特点）

在下列句中多用which:
6.Beijing, which was China's capital for more than 800 years, is rich in cultural and historic relics. (非限制性定语从句一般皆用which)
7.Larry told her the story of the young airman which I narrated at the beginning of this book. 拉里把我在书本开头叙述过的那个关于一个青年飞行员的故事讲给她听。（离先行词较远时常用which，如在此处用that, 则会有指前面的airman的可能）
8.A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best. 商店应存有最畅销的货物。（“those + 复形名词”之后多用 which）
9.This is one of which I'm talking about. 这就是我所讲的那个。（介词之后须用which）

总结：在介词后面或者是非限制性定于从句都用which。