第1个回答 2011-03-26
Beijing's Famous Historical Pictures
Temple of Heaven
Within Beijing's Tiantan Park is the Temple of Heaven, a "cult building" symbolizing the relationship between heaven and earth, which has become one of China's most famous and important temples. Ming and Qing dynasty emperors came to the Temple of Heaven twice each year to pray for good harvests.
The Temple of Heaven is enclosed behind the walled 667 acre Tiantan Park, to the south of the Forbidden City. The Temple of Heaven complex was declared a World Heritage site by UNESCO in 1998.
Temple of Heaven - Looking North from the South Chengzhen Gate
Temple of Heaven Layout & Design
All of the structures in the temple complex are aligned on a north-south central axis, flanked by buildings to the east and west. The temple complex was constructed according to the dictates of feng shui, and in accordance with the ancient religious practices used in Nanjing, the historic capital of China.
The round northern section of the temple represents heaven, with the Qiniandian or "Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests" and its three concentric circular roofs as the focal point. The 'Hall of Prayer' temple sits atop a three-tiered marble balustrade decorated with dragon, phoenix, and cloud motifs.
The Huangqiongyu "Imperial Vault of Heaven," with the Qiniandian in the background
As with most Chinese temples and palaces, the emperor would always enter the Temple of Heaven complex from the southern-most Zhaoheng Gate.
Qiniandian "Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests"
The Qiniandian was originally constructed in 1420, during the reign of Emperor Yongle of the Ming Dynasty. The original Qiniandian Hall of Prayer was made entirely of wood, destroyed by fire in 1889, and subsequently rebuilt. Post and beam construction was used in both versions, and all joints were mortised together without the use of fasteners or nails.
Eastern "Long Corridor" entrance to the "Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests"
The "Long Corridor" to the east of the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests (photo, above) was used to carry slaughtered sacrificial animals from the "Divine Kitchen and Butcher House" to the temple alter. The covered walkway was designed to protect the sacrifice from being "stained" by the elements.
Qiniandian interior and plan drawings
Mathmatics and seasonal or celestial calculations play a major role in the design of the Qiniandian, with its roof of three concentric circles being supported by four massive wood columns that symbolize the four seasons. Other aspects of the building's design equate to the twelve months of the year and twelve hours in a day.
Temple of Heaven - West Celestial Gate
South of the Qiniandian, through the Chengzhen Gate, is the Huangqiongyu or "Imperial Vault of Heaven." The Huangqiongyu was originally constructed in 1530, and rebuilt 1572. This area also contains the "Echo Wall" and Triple Sound Stones, with their peculiar acoustical qualities.
Locals gather in the "Long Corridor" to play music or games
Further to the south is the "Circular Mound Alter" that is contained in a square area representing earth. This alter was built in 1530 by Emperor Jiajing of the Ming Dynasty. The Circular Mound Alter was used to worship heaven each year on the winter solstice.
The "Hall of Prayer" balustrade - Looking south towards the Imperial Vault of Heaven
During the reign of Emperor Qianlong, the Temple of Heaven complex was refurbished and enlarged to make it more pure and holy than before.
Temple of Heaven - Looking West at Sunset
The Summer Palace
Beijing's Yihe Yuan 'Summer Palace'
The Summer Palace (aka Yihe Yuan or "Garden of Clear Ripples"), originally constructed in 1750, was built by Emperor Qianlong to celebrate his mother's birthday. During subsequent regimes the palace was used as a "pleasure garden" to escape the summer heat in Beijing.
The Summer Palace is located northwest of Beijing, around the man-made Kunming Lake. The lake covers approximately three-quarters of the 290 hectare Palace grounds. There are three man-made islands on the lake that are meant to imitate the three celestial islands of the East China Sea.
Foxiang Ge 'Tower of the Fragrance of the Buddha' atop Longevity Hill on Kunming Lake
Kunming Lake's causeway was designed to emulate the West Lake "Su causeway" in Hangzhou The "Seventeen Arch Bridge" to the south-east of Kunming Lake links the "East Dyke" with South Lake Island.
Longevity Hill
The Foxiang Ge Tower, also known as the "Tower of Buddhist Incense," or "Tower of the Fragrance of the Buddha" is one of the most recognizable temples in China, and is a symbol of dynastic power in ancient China. The tower sits atop Longevity Hill, where the first "Gold Mountain Palace" was built by Emperor Wanyan Liang during the Jin Dynasty (1115 to 1234).
Stairway to the Foxiang Ge Tower
During the Yuan Dynasty (1271 to 1368), Longevity Hill was renamed Weng Shan, meaning "Jug Hill," for a jug filled with gold that was supposedly found on the hill.
View of the 'Revolving Archives'
The Empress Dowager Cixi, aka "Dragon Lady"
In 1886, the Summer Palace was extensively remodeled and improved under the reign of the infamous Dragon Lady, also known as the Empress Dowager Cixi (1835 to 1908), who was the de-facto ruler of China (the "power behind the throne," "screen" or "curtain") during the Manchu Qing Dynasty (1644 to 1911).
View of Kunming Lake and the 'Seventeen Arch Bridge' from Foxiang Ge Tower - Zoom
Cixi was buried at the Eastern Qing Tombs in Hebei Province, east of Beijing. As was customary for the times, a giant Pearl the size of a "robin's egg" was placed in the Empress Dowager's mouth to protect her corpse from decomposition. In 1928 her tomb was ransacked by Sun Dianying, a Kuomintang warlord. Cixi's body was desecrated, and it is rumored that some of her stolen jewels and her crown were given to Kuomintang leader Chiang Kai-shek who gifted them to his wife, Soong May-ling.
The "Long Corridor"
The 728 meter "Long Corridor" runs along the shore of Kunming Lake, from Foxiang Ge Tower to the Marble Boat. With its 14,000 ceiling paintings, the Long Corridor is considered one of the longest painted galleries in the world.
The 728 meter 'Long Corridor' and one of its 14,000 ceiling paintings
In 1750, the Long Corridor was added to the Summer Palace by Emperor Qianlong so that his mother could enjoy the gardens without fear of the elements.
Long Corridor ceiling paintings
Marble Boat
The Summer Palace's "Marble Boat," also known as the "Clear and Peaceful Boat" was built in 1755 as a symbol of stability for the empire of the Qing Dynasty. The boat was built with the idea that "Water can carry a boat, and it can capsize a boat," meaning that the Qing empire would never be toppled.
The Marble Boat
Both the Summer Palace and the Old Summer Palace (Yuan Ming Yuan), which was known as the "Gardens of Perfect Brightness," were destroyed during the Anglo-French invasion in 1860.
Rebuilding Yihe Yuan
The palace was rebuilt in 1886, and in 1888 the Summer Palace was renamed Yihe Yuan, meaning "Garden of Nurtured Harmony." Unfortunately, the harmony did not last long, and the palace suffered another devastating attack during "Boxer Rebellion" in 1900. Yihe Yuan was again rebuilt in 1902.
The 41 meter high Foxiang Ge Tower
Water Calligraphy (left) Bridge of Banana Plant (right)
View of Yu Quan Hill and the Yu Feng Pagoda (center of photo)
The Summer Palace was added to UNESCO's list of World Heritage Sites in 1998.
Dingling Ming Tombs
Beijing's Dingling Ming Tombs
The Ming Tombs are located sixty kilometers northwest of Beijing in the Tianshou Mountains, near one of the restored sections of the Great Wall. Dingling is the burial grounds for thirteen of sixteen Ming Emperors spanning the 15th and 16th century.
The entire Ming necropolis covers over 40 acres, and is approached via the 'Sacred Way,' which is a long colonnade lined with stone statuary of animals and dignitaries.
Dingling Tomb - Looking at the 'Hall of Eminent Favour'
Zhu Di, known as the third Ming Emperor or the Yongle Emperor, was the first Ming Emperor to be buried at the Dingling in 1424. Zhu Di's mausoleum is called the Changling.
The necropolis is also the final resting place for several of the Zhu Di's concubines and Empresses, some of which were buried alive to accompany the Emperor on his journey into the afterlife. The practice of entombing living concubines was abolished during the reign of the Zhengtong Emperor in the mid 1400s.
Dingling's Main Hall (left), Chang-Ling Tomb (right)
Zhu Di, the emperor responsible for building the Forbidden City occupies the largest mausoleum at the necropolis, which took 18 years to complete.
The nephew of Zhu Di was the second Ming Emperor, but after fleeing from the empire, he was never heard from again. There is no official record of his final resting place.
The 'Soul Tower' of Dingling (left)
The Dingling necropolis was completed in 1581, before the death of the Wanli Emperor, and thirteenth Ming ruler, Zhu Yijun. To commemorate its completion, Zhu Yijun held a feast at the complex to celebrate his upcoming internment.
Excavation of the Dingling Mausoleum
The only tomb to have been excavated at the necropolis was Dingling, or the 'Tomb of Certainty,' which was occupied by Zhu Yijun, who died in 1619. His tomb was uncovered in in 1956, after the discovery of a stone tablet with instructions to the location of the tomb.
The Ming Emperor Zhu Yijun's Crown
Although he ruled for over 40 years, Zhu Yijun was considered one of the most inept and/or corrupt emperors of the Ming Dynasty.
Dingling Ming Tomb Jewelry Collection
Zhu Yijun was originally entombed with his one and only Empress. Later, one of his concubines, Xiaojing, was elevated to Empress posthumously by her grandson and re-buried with the Emperor.
The first Ming Dynasty Emperor, Zhu Yuanzhang, was not buried at Dingling, but in Nanjing. There are three tombs which are opened to the public: the Wanli Emperor's tomb Dingling, the Yongle Emperor tomb, Changling, and the Longqing Emperor's tomb, Zhaoling.
Zhaoling belonged to the 12th Ming Emperor, Zhu Daicheng, who was buried in 1572 with three of his Empresses. Zhu Daicheng, who was known as the Longqing Emperor, reigned for only six years. The Zhaoling mausoleum was the first tomb to be fully restored to its original condition.
Lama Temple
Beijing's Yonghe Gong 'Lama Temple'
The Lama Temple, also known as the Yonghe Gong Palace, Palace of Peace and Harmony or Yong Hegong Lamasery, was constructed during the Qing Dynasty in 1694. The palace was the home of Prince Yin Zhen, who was a son of Qing Dynasty Emperor Kang Xi.
The Yonghe Gong Lama Temple is located in the Dongcheng District, off of Yanghegong Street east of the Gulou Hutongs. During the off-hours, the temple has a serene atmosphere, with the smell of incense permeating through the air and the distant sound of monks chanting.本回答被提问者采纳
Temple of Heaven
Within Beijing's Tiantan Park is the Temple of Heaven, a "cult building" symbolizing the relationship between heaven and earth, which has become one of China's most famous and important temples. Ming and Qing dynasty emperors came to the Temple of Heaven twice each year to pray for good harvests.
The Temple of Heaven is enclosed behind the walled 667 acre Tiantan Park, to the south of the Forbidden City. The Temple of Heaven complex was declared a World Heritage site by UNESCO in 1998.
Temple of Heaven - Looking North from the South Chengzhen Gate
Temple of Heaven Layout & Design
All of the structures in the temple complex are aligned on a north-south central axis, flanked by buildings to the east and west. The temple complex was constructed according to the dictates of feng shui, and in accordance with the ancient religious practices used in Nanjing, the historic capital of China.
The round northern section of the temple represents heaven, with the Qiniandian or "Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests" and its three concentric circular roofs as the focal point. The 'Hall of Prayer' temple sits atop a three-tiered marble balustrade decorated with dragon, phoenix, and cloud motifs.
The Huangqiongyu "Imperial Vault of Heaven," with the Qiniandian in the background
As with most Chinese temples and palaces, the emperor would always enter the Temple of Heaven complex from the southern-most Zhaoheng Gate.
Qiniandian "Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests"
The Qiniandian was originally constructed in 1420, during the reign of Emperor Yongle of the Ming Dynasty. The original Qiniandian Hall of Prayer was made entirely of wood, destroyed by fire in 1889, and subsequently rebuilt. Post and beam construction was used in both versions, and all joints were mortised together without the use of fasteners or nails.
Eastern "Long Corridor" entrance to the "Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests"
The "Long Corridor" to the east of the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests (photo, above) was used to carry slaughtered sacrificial animals from the "Divine Kitchen and Butcher House" to the temple alter. The covered walkway was designed to protect the sacrifice from being "stained" by the elements.
Qiniandian interior and plan drawings
Mathmatics and seasonal or celestial calculations play a major role in the design of the Qiniandian, with its roof of three concentric circles being supported by four massive wood columns that symbolize the four seasons. Other aspects of the building's design equate to the twelve months of the year and twelve hours in a day.
Temple of Heaven - West Celestial Gate
South of the Qiniandian, through the Chengzhen Gate, is the Huangqiongyu or "Imperial Vault of Heaven." The Huangqiongyu was originally constructed in 1530, and rebuilt 1572. This area also contains the "Echo Wall" and Triple Sound Stones, with their peculiar acoustical qualities.
Locals gather in the "Long Corridor" to play music or games
Further to the south is the "Circular Mound Alter" that is contained in a square area representing earth. This alter was built in 1530 by Emperor Jiajing of the Ming Dynasty. The Circular Mound Alter was used to worship heaven each year on the winter solstice.
The "Hall of Prayer" balustrade - Looking south towards the Imperial Vault of Heaven
During the reign of Emperor Qianlong, the Temple of Heaven complex was refurbished and enlarged to make it more pure and holy than before.
Temple of Heaven - Looking West at Sunset
The Summer Palace
Beijing's Yihe Yuan 'Summer Palace'
The Summer Palace (aka Yihe Yuan or "Garden of Clear Ripples"), originally constructed in 1750, was built by Emperor Qianlong to celebrate his mother's birthday. During subsequent regimes the palace was used as a "pleasure garden" to escape the summer heat in Beijing.
The Summer Palace is located northwest of Beijing, around the man-made Kunming Lake. The lake covers approximately three-quarters of the 290 hectare Palace grounds. There are three man-made islands on the lake that are meant to imitate the three celestial islands of the East China Sea.
Foxiang Ge 'Tower of the Fragrance of the Buddha' atop Longevity Hill on Kunming Lake
Kunming Lake's causeway was designed to emulate the West Lake "Su causeway" in Hangzhou The "Seventeen Arch Bridge" to the south-east of Kunming Lake links the "East Dyke" with South Lake Island.
Longevity Hill
The Foxiang Ge Tower, also known as the "Tower of Buddhist Incense," or "Tower of the Fragrance of the Buddha" is one of the most recognizable temples in China, and is a symbol of dynastic power in ancient China. The tower sits atop Longevity Hill, where the first "Gold Mountain Palace" was built by Emperor Wanyan Liang during the Jin Dynasty (1115 to 1234).
Stairway to the Foxiang Ge Tower
During the Yuan Dynasty (1271 to 1368), Longevity Hill was renamed Weng Shan, meaning "Jug Hill," for a jug filled with gold that was supposedly found on the hill.
View of the 'Revolving Archives'
The Empress Dowager Cixi, aka "Dragon Lady"
In 1886, the Summer Palace was extensively remodeled and improved under the reign of the infamous Dragon Lady, also known as the Empress Dowager Cixi (1835 to 1908), who was the de-facto ruler of China (the "power behind the throne," "screen" or "curtain") during the Manchu Qing Dynasty (1644 to 1911).
View of Kunming Lake and the 'Seventeen Arch Bridge' from Foxiang Ge Tower - Zoom
Cixi was buried at the Eastern Qing Tombs in Hebei Province, east of Beijing. As was customary for the times, a giant Pearl the size of a "robin's egg" was placed in the Empress Dowager's mouth to protect her corpse from decomposition. In 1928 her tomb was ransacked by Sun Dianying, a Kuomintang warlord. Cixi's body was desecrated, and it is rumored that some of her stolen jewels and her crown were given to Kuomintang leader Chiang Kai-shek who gifted them to his wife, Soong May-ling.
The "Long Corridor"
The 728 meter "Long Corridor" runs along the shore of Kunming Lake, from Foxiang Ge Tower to the Marble Boat. With its 14,000 ceiling paintings, the Long Corridor is considered one of the longest painted galleries in the world.
The 728 meter 'Long Corridor' and one of its 14,000 ceiling paintings
In 1750, the Long Corridor was added to the Summer Palace by Emperor Qianlong so that his mother could enjoy the gardens without fear of the elements.
Long Corridor ceiling paintings
Marble Boat
The Summer Palace's "Marble Boat," also known as the "Clear and Peaceful Boat" was built in 1755 as a symbol of stability for the empire of the Qing Dynasty. The boat was built with the idea that "Water can carry a boat, and it can capsize a boat," meaning that the Qing empire would never be toppled.
The Marble Boat
Both the Summer Palace and the Old Summer Palace (Yuan Ming Yuan), which was known as the "Gardens of Perfect Brightness," were destroyed during the Anglo-French invasion in 1860.
Rebuilding Yihe Yuan
The palace was rebuilt in 1886, and in 1888 the Summer Palace was renamed Yihe Yuan, meaning "Garden of Nurtured Harmony." Unfortunately, the harmony did not last long, and the palace suffered another devastating attack during "Boxer Rebellion" in 1900. Yihe Yuan was again rebuilt in 1902.
The 41 meter high Foxiang Ge Tower
Water Calligraphy (left) Bridge of Banana Plant (right)
View of Yu Quan Hill and the Yu Feng Pagoda (center of photo)
The Summer Palace was added to UNESCO's list of World Heritage Sites in 1998.
Dingling Ming Tombs
Beijing's Dingling Ming Tombs
The Ming Tombs are located sixty kilometers northwest of Beijing in the Tianshou Mountains, near one of the restored sections of the Great Wall. Dingling is the burial grounds for thirteen of sixteen Ming Emperors spanning the 15th and 16th century.
The entire Ming necropolis covers over 40 acres, and is approached via the 'Sacred Way,' which is a long colonnade lined with stone statuary of animals and dignitaries.
Dingling Tomb - Looking at the 'Hall of Eminent Favour'
Zhu Di, known as the third Ming Emperor or the Yongle Emperor, was the first Ming Emperor to be buried at the Dingling in 1424. Zhu Di's mausoleum is called the Changling.
The necropolis is also the final resting place for several of the Zhu Di's concubines and Empresses, some of which were buried alive to accompany the Emperor on his journey into the afterlife. The practice of entombing living concubines was abolished during the reign of the Zhengtong Emperor in the mid 1400s.
Dingling's Main Hall (left), Chang-Ling Tomb (right)
Zhu Di, the emperor responsible for building the Forbidden City occupies the largest mausoleum at the necropolis, which took 18 years to complete.
The nephew of Zhu Di was the second Ming Emperor, but after fleeing from the empire, he was never heard from again. There is no official record of his final resting place.
The 'Soul Tower' of Dingling (left)
The Dingling necropolis was completed in 1581, before the death of the Wanli Emperor, and thirteenth Ming ruler, Zhu Yijun. To commemorate its completion, Zhu Yijun held a feast at the complex to celebrate his upcoming internment.
Excavation of the Dingling Mausoleum
The only tomb to have been excavated at the necropolis was Dingling, or the 'Tomb of Certainty,' which was occupied by Zhu Yijun, who died in 1619. His tomb was uncovered in in 1956, after the discovery of a stone tablet with instructions to the location of the tomb.
The Ming Emperor Zhu Yijun's Crown
Although he ruled for over 40 years, Zhu Yijun was considered one of the most inept and/or corrupt emperors of the Ming Dynasty.
Dingling Ming Tomb Jewelry Collection
Zhu Yijun was originally entombed with his one and only Empress. Later, one of his concubines, Xiaojing, was elevated to Empress posthumously by her grandson and re-buried with the Emperor.
The first Ming Dynasty Emperor, Zhu Yuanzhang, was not buried at Dingling, but in Nanjing. There are three tombs which are opened to the public: the Wanli Emperor's tomb Dingling, the Yongle Emperor tomb, Changling, and the Longqing Emperor's tomb, Zhaoling.
Zhaoling belonged to the 12th Ming Emperor, Zhu Daicheng, who was buried in 1572 with three of his Empresses. Zhu Daicheng, who was known as the Longqing Emperor, reigned for only six years. The Zhaoling mausoleum was the first tomb to be fully restored to its original condition.
Lama Temple
Beijing's Yonghe Gong 'Lama Temple'
The Lama Temple, also known as the Yonghe Gong Palace, Palace of Peace and Harmony or Yong Hegong Lamasery, was constructed during the Qing Dynasty in 1694. The palace was the home of Prince Yin Zhen, who was a son of Qing Dynasty Emperor Kang Xi.
The Yonghe Gong Lama Temple is located in the Dongcheng District, off of Yanghegong Street east of the Gulou Hutongs. During the off-hours, the temple has a serene atmosphere, with the smell of incense permeating through the air and the distant sound of monks chanting.本回答被提问者采纳
第2个回答 2011-03-24
Beijing has a long history, as early as 3000 years ago, the land arose Tzu. Yuan, Ming and Qing three-year, Beijing is your "State". 600 years of history to appreciate modern Beijing culture permeates deep breath, or left or exquisite beauty Royal building. These Monuments world famous. Preservation of the world's most complete wooden structure of the palace complex Palace, the Temple of Heaven elegant style, the reality Fairyland Beihai, Yuan Ming three generations of the nation's highest institution Imperial Academy, the track record of royal kin Guiqi Gongwang's life : : The Imperial Palace, also known as the Forbidden City, Ming and Qing dynasties is the Palace, the largest of China's most complete existing ancient buildings. Forbidden City occupies more than 720,000 square metres, a total of more than 9,000 palaces, are wooden structures, yellow glazed tile top, Green Whitehead corner, resplendent in gold and jade green decorated with the paintings. The palace is a north-south along the central axis configuration, and to start on both sides, North and the South to directly, or symmetrical. This not only runs in the Forbidden City of China axis, and approximately 14:00, north to Gulou, Clock Tower, through the entire city, the magnificent boldness of vision, planning rigorous, very spectacular. Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake Summer Palace mainly by the composition of material in the waters of more than 3,000 house pavilion, new roof Pavilion Bridge. A "King, a King, a Park Garden" features layout, in the four-round for the first time. Park has four node. Orient House is the easternmost gate areas, including North Korea will be the Minister of Housing Renshoudian and the Southern and Northern Dynasties, usually, big stage, courtyard. Longevity Hill Middle is the construction of the most magnificent, accompanied by two of the vertical axis guide, the East-West axis is famous promenade, the North-South axis from the central promenade, followed by Pai Cloud Gate, Paiyundian, Te Temple, Buddha incense Pavilion. Buddha incense Pavilion is the center of the whole park, trying to spread it around the building, forming Zhongxingpengyue tendency of a grand style. North is Lake scenic areas, forest trees, mountain road twists and turns, with the Jiangnan region of rivers and lakes on the characteristics Suzhou Street in here. Beihai Park in Beijing center Palace Square, a waters that Xiyuan, as too fluid pool. Too fluid to be divided into three pools : North to the North Sea, the China Sea to the South for the South China Sea. Most of which are members of the North Sea, here was originally Liaoning, gold, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasty gradually built by the five imperial palace, my oldest existing, the most comprehensive and most complete representation of the royal garden one. Park has Qiongdao, Baitasi, Fang Shan restaurant, attractive buildings. Qiongdao the west was originally Qing dynasty emperor pleasance pm, or at the banquet of the Yuet Sum Temple. Northwest have read Gulou, storage buildings since the Wei, Jin and Ming Fatie 340 pieces, more than 210 pieces preface and postscript, Bay Rock Inscription 495 side. Northeast slope eyes look, here is "another famous" one "Qiongdaochunyin."
难道写得不对吗？望采纳！o(）＾）)o 唉
难道写得不对吗？望采纳！o(）＾）)o 唉
相似回答
