The most distinct property of electricity is its volatility. Volatility is the measure of change in the price of electricity over a given period of time. It is often expressed as a percentage and computed as the annualized standard deviation of percentage change in the daily price (other prices such as weekly or monthly prices can also be used), Compared with load, the price of electricity in a restructured power market is much more volatile. From the curves, we learn that the load curve is relatively homogeneous and its variations are cyclic and the price curve is nonhomogeneous and its variations show a little cyclic property. Although electricity price is very volatile, it is not regarded as random. Hence, it is possible to identify certain patterns and rules pertaining to market volatility. For example, transmission congestion usually incurs a price spike which is not sustained as electricity price would revert to a more reasonable level (this is known as mean reversion in statistics). It is conceivable to use historical prices to forecast electricity prices. Accordingly, we
use a training scheme to capture perceived patterns for forecasting electricity prices.
The fundamental reason for electricity price spike is that the supply and demand must be matched on a second-by-second basis.Other reasons follow:
Volatility in fuel price
Load uncertainty
Fluctuations in hydroelectricity production
Generation uncertainty (outages)
Transmission congestion
Behavior of market participant (based on anticipated price)
Market manipulation (market power, counterparty risk)
Because of the special properties of electricity, the price of electricity is far more volatile than that of other relatively volatile commodities. The annualized volatility of oil future contracts is around 30%; it is around 50% for natural gas future contracts, while about 60% for electricity future contracts. In electricity spot markets, annualized volatility is above 200%. Because of the significant volatility, it is difficult to make an accurate forecast for the spot market of electricity. This is evidenced by the fact that the existing price forecasting accuracy is far lower than that of load forecasting. However, price forecasting accuracy is not as stringent as that of load forecasting
请翻译以下英语句子,感激不尽.!
i'm a big big girl我是个重要的女孩 in a big big world在一个大千世界里 it's not a big big thing if you leave me如果你离开我,不是件大事 but i do do feel 但我确实感到。that i too too will miss you much我会非常想念你!miss you much...非常想念你 i can see the fir...
请将以下英文翻译成中文 感激不尽!谢绝电脑直翻!
这可能是由于输入模式的不足之处包含更多的信息关于尖峰。提取的特征选取、数据输入处理期间穗和表达作为一组输入方式训练过程中可能会进一步减少计量误差预测过程中相当大的水平。图4显示了预测和实际价值在穗大电力价格。类似于小穗,神经网络方法是没法跟踪巨大的、突然猛增电价。神经网络除在高峰时间外,在...
请用英语翻译以下几句话~将感激不尽!
上述中文的翻译:Sorry I run out my Thai Baht. I'd like to give you RMB 5 Yuan, approximately equivalent to 20 THB, as a tip to thank you for your great help.
我感激不尽 这句谁会用英文翻译 急!!!
1.appreciate
酒店英文翻译,请把以下文字全部翻译成英文,小生感激不尽
Please return key card of room when you leave,and you will pay 30 Yuan for it if you lost it.For your safety,visitors should leave before 23 o'clock.In order you can leave as soon as possible,please inform reception this message.Please read firefighting annoucement seriously.spli...
有没有人可以帮个忙翻译下以下英文,感激不尽,感激不尽
1,gene from any kind of organism can be move into any other unrelated receptor cells to change their genetic characteristics and create new traits.2.a certain DNA can be copied in the receptor cell ,making it possible to produce many pure DNA fragments for us.
请帮忙中文翻译英文,感激不尽!
red when charging and green when full.Warning: Beware of explosive gases, to guard against flames or sparks in the charging process, please provide adequate ventilation. There are high-pressure machines, dangerous! User is prohibited to demolition.Model specifications Ex-factory date ...
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61. The more practice you do, the better your English will become.越练习,你的英语就会越来越好。62. As is known to all, China is rich in natural resources.众所周知,中国拥有丰富的自然资源。63. If the students work hard, surely they will realize their dreams.如果学生们很努力...
请帮忙翻译下!请在原文每一句下翻译!感激不尽..
我知道我眞的很爱你,却接受不了要离开你 i know i love you very much, but could bear to leave you 我们每一次和好,都说要好好在一起,不要再分开.every time we make up we all said we'll be together happily, never to leave again 不知道是你做不到还是我做不到.I don't know ...
您好,请求英文翻译一段中文,感激不尽
work in with excellent student, makes me benefit in competition; Challenge practical problems , let me grow up in the setback. Ancestries teach me fulfiling one's duty industriously, kindhearted , upright; XX university has trained me the style basing on facts , making pioneering ...