高分翻译

Question

从国外网站wikipedia上摘抄下来的 大脑观测方法， 高分求翻译！

Electrophysiology
Electrophysiology allows scientists to record the electrical activity of individual neurons or groups of neurons.

EEG
By placing electrodes on the scalp one can record the summed electrical activity of the cortex in a technique known as electroencephalography (EEG). EEG measures the mass changes in electrical current from the cerebral cortex, but can only detect changes over large areas of the brain with very little sub-cortical activity.

MEG
Apart from measuring the electric field around the skull it is possible to measure the magnetic field directly in a technique known as magnetoencephalography (MEG). This technique has the same temporal resolution as EEG but much better spatial resolution, although admittedly not as good as fMRI. The main advantage over fMRI is a direct relationship between neural activation and measurement.

fMRI and PET
A scan of the brain using fMRIFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measures changes in blood flow in the brain, but the activity of neurons is not directly measured, nor can it be distinguished whether this activity is inhibitory or excitatory. fMRI is a noninvasive, indirect method for measuring neural activity that is based on BOLD; Blood Oxygen Level Dependent changes. The changes in blood flow that occur in capillary beds in specific regions of the brain are thought to represent various neuronal activities (metabolism of synaptic reuptake). Similarly, a positron emission tomography (PET), is able to monitor glucose and oxygen metabolism as well as neurotransmitter activity in different areas within the brain which can be correlated to the level of activity in that region.

Behavioral
Behavioral tests can measure symptoms of disease and mental performance, but can only provide indirect measurements of brain function and may not be practical in all animals. In humans however, a neurological exam can be done to determine the location of any trauma, lesion, or tumor within the brain, brain stem, or spinal cord.

Anatomical
Autopsy analysis of the brain allows for the study of anatomy and protein expression patterns, but is only possible after the human or animal is dead. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to study the anatomy of a living creature and is widely used in both research and medicine.

Answer 1

电

电使科学家可以记录电活动的个人或团体的神经元的神经元。

脑电图

电极放置在头皮上可以记录电活动总结的皮质的技术被称为脑电图（脑电图） 。脑电图措施的大规模变化，电流从大脑皮质，但只能发现变化，大面积的大脑很少分皮层的活动。

脑磁图

除了测量电场周围的头骨有可能来衡量的磁场直接的技术被称为脑磁图（脑磁图） 。这项技术具有相同的时间分辨率的脑电图，但更好的空间分辨率，但无可否认不如成像。主要优势功能磁共振成像之间有着直接的关系神经激活和测量。

功能磁共振成像和PET

A扫描的使用fMRIFunctional脑磁共振成像（成像）采取措施改变血流在大脑中，但活动的神经细胞是不能直接测量，也不能加以区分是否这项活动是抑制或兴奋。功能磁共振成像是一种无创性的，间接的方法来衡量神经活动，是基于粗体;血氧水平依赖性变化。的变化，血液流动中出现的毛细血管床在特定区域的大脑被认为是代表不同神经元的活动（代谢的突触摄取） 。同样，正电子发射断层扫描技术（ PET ） ，是能够监测葡萄糖和氧代谢以及神经递质的活动在不同领域内的大脑，可相关的活动水平在该地区。

行为

行为测试可以衡量症状的疾病和心理表现，但只能提供间接测量大脑功能，不得切实可行的所有动物。在人类然而，神经考试可以做到，以确定位置的任何外伤，病变或肿瘤内的大脑，脑干或脊髓。

解剖

解剖分析，使大脑的解剖研究和蛋白的表达模式，但唯一可行的是在人类或动物的死亡。磁共振成像（ MRI ）可以用来在解剖学研究的生物和被广泛用于研究和医学。