格列佛游记的英文梗概和中文梗概

Answer 1

《格列佛游记》梗概：

Volume 1: The depiction of the Little Man is the epitome of the British Empire at that time. 

At that time, the persistent struggle between the Tories and Whigs in Britain and the foreign war were essentially.

just the fights between politicians in some irrelevant sections of the national economy and the people's livelihood.

第一卷：描绘的小人国的情景乃是当时大英帝国的缩影。当时英国国内托利党和辉格党常年不息的斗争和对外的战争，实质上只是政客们在一些国计民生毫不相干的小节上勾心斗角。

Volume II：through the King of the Great Britain's sharp criticism of the electoral system, parliamentary system and various church and political measures that Gulliver was proud of.

expressed doubts and denials about the various systems and church and political measures in Britain at that time.

第二卷：则通过大人国国王对格列佛引以为荣的英国选举制度、议会制度以及种种政教措施所进行的尖锐的抨击，对当时英国各种制度及政教措施表示了怀疑和否定。

In Volume 3, the author points the irony to the English philosophers of the time, the scientists who are divorced from reality and indulged in fantasy.

the inventors who are absurd and the critics and historians who turn black and white upside down.

第三卷：作者把讽刺的锋芒指向了当时的英国哲学家，脱离实际、沉溺于幻想的科学家，荒诞不经的发明家和颠倒黑白的评论家和史学家等。

In Volume Four：the author uses Gulliver to answer a series of questions and exposes the essence of war, the hypocrisy of law and the shameful act of acquiring Duke status by any means.

第四卷：作者利用格列佛回答一连串问题而揭露了战争的实质、法律的虚伪和不择手段以获得公爵地位的可耻行为等。

扩展资料

《格列佛游记》赏析：

《格列佛游记》作者借助丰富的讽刺手法，通过描写格列佛在利立浦特、布罗卜丁奈格、勒皮他和慧因国的奇遇。

反映了十八世纪前半期英国社会的种种矛盾，揭露批判了英国统治阶级的腐败和罪恶，以及英国资产阶级在资本主义原始积累时期的疯狂掠夺和残酷剥削。同时，它又在一定程度上歌颂了殖民地人民反抗统治者的英勇斗争。

整篇小说充满了奇异的想象和童话色彩，虽然作者展现的是一个虚构的童话世界，但是它却是以当时英国社会生活的真实为基础的，加上作者精确、细腻、贴切的描述，使人感觉不到它是虚构的幻景，似乎一切都是真情实事。

Answer 2

Context
Jonathan Swift, son of the English lawyer Jonathan Swift the elder, was born in Dublin, Ireland, on November 30, 1667. He grew up there in the care of his uncle before attending Trinity College at the age of fourteen, where he stayed for seven years, graduating in 1688. In that year, he became the secretary of Sir William Temple, an English politician and member of the Whig party. In 1694, he took religious orders in the Church of Ireland and then spent a year as a country parson. He then spent further time in the service of Temple before returning to Ireland to become the chaplain of the earl of Berkeley. Meanwhile, he had begun to write satires on the political and religious corruption surrounding him, working on A Tale of a Tub, which supports the position of the Anglican Church against its critics on the left and the right, and The Battle of the Books, which argues for the supremacy of the classics against modern thought and literature. He also wrote a number of political pamphlets in favor of the Whig party. In 1709 he went to London to campaign for the Irish church but was unsuccessful. After some conflicts with the Whig party, mostly because of Swift’s strong allegiance to the church, he became a member of the more conservative Tory party in 1710.
Unfortunately for Swift, the Tory government fell out of power in 1714 and Swift, despite his fame for his writings, fell out of favor. Swift, who had been hoping to be assigned a position in the Church of England, instead returned to Dublin, where he became the dean of St. Patrick’s. During his brief time in England, Swift had become friends with writers such as Alexander Pope, and during a meeting of their literary club, the Martinus Scriblerus Club, they decided to write satires of modern learning. The third voyage of Gulliver’s Travels is assembled from the work Swift did during this time. However, the final work was not completed until 1726, and the narrative of the third voyage was actually the last one completed. After his return to Ireland, Swift became a staunch supporter of the Irish against English attempts to weaken their economy and political power, writing pamphlets such as the satirical A Modest Proposal, in which he suggests that the Irish problems of famine and overpopulation could be easily solved by having the babies of poor Irish subjects sold as delicacies to feed the rich.
Gulliver’s Travels was a controversial work when it was first published in 1726. In fact, it was not until almost ten years after its first printing that the book appeared with the entire text that Swift had originally intended it to have. Ever since, editors have excised many of the passages, particularly the more caustic ones dealing with bodily functions. Even without those passages, however, Gulliver’s Travels serves as a biting satire, and Swift ensures that it is both humorous and critical, constantly attacking British and European society through its descriptions of imaginary countries.
Late in life, Swift seemed to many observers to become even more caustic and bitter than he had been. Three years before his death, he was declared unable to care for himself, and guardians were appointed. Based on these facts and on a comparison between Swift’s fate and that of his character Gulliver, some people have concluded that he gradually became insane and that his insanity was a natural outgrowth of his indignation and outrage against humankind. However, the truth seems to be that Swift was suddenly incapacitated by a paralytic stroke late in life, and that prior to this incident his mental capacities were unimpaired.
Gulliver’s Travels is about a specific set of political conflicts, but if it were nothing more than that it would long ago have been forgotten. The staying power of the work comes from its depiction of the human condition and its often despairing, but occasionally hopeful, sketch of the possibilities for humanity to rein in its baser instincts. 第一卷写的是格列佛在小人国(利立普特)的遭遇，格列佛与利立普特人的大小比例为十二比一，那里的居民身高仅6英寸，格列佛置身其中，就像一座“巨人山”。起先他被小人们捆了起来，但后来由于他表现温顺并答应接受某些条件，小人国国王同意恢复他的自由。此时，该国正遭到另一小人国(布莱夫斯库)入侵，格列佛涉过海峡把敌国舰队的大部分船只掳来，迫使敌国遣使求和。尽管格列佛立了大功，但后来因在几件事情上得罪了国王，国王决定刺瞎他的双眼，将他活活饿死。格列佛得知消息，仓皇逃向邻国，修好一只小船，起航回家。

第二卷描述格列佛在大人国的遭遇。在这一卷里，格列佛又一次出海时，遭遇风暴，船被刮至一片陌生的陆地。这陆地叫布罗卜丁奈格(大人国)。那里的居民身高有如铁塔。格列佛一到这里，由“巨人山”一下子变成了侏儒，置身大人国，自己仿佛变成了一个利立普特(小人国)人，比例倒了过来，成了一比十二。在大人国的农夫面前，格列佛像鼹鼠般大小，被农夫当作玩物带回家。为了赚钱，农夫竟把他带到市镇，让他耍把戏，供人观赏。后来他被王后买去，得以与大人国的国王相处。逐渐地，格列佛思乡之情日益浓烈，在一次随国王巡视边境时佯称有病，去海边呼吸新鲜空气。当他在岸边钻进小木箱睡觉时，一只大鹰将木箱叼走。后来木箱落入大海，被路过的船只发现，里面的格列佛获救，终于又回到英国。

第三卷写的是飞岛国。这一卷比较松散，铺得较开，写格列佛以勒皮他(飞岛)游历为中心，兼及巴尔尼巴比、拉格奈格、格勒大锥和日本四个地方的游记。

第四卷描述了格列佛在贤马国(“慧骃国”)的所见所闻。这是历来最为争议的部分。在那里，格列佛遭到智慧而理性的慧骃的放逐，满心怅惘地回到那块生他养他如今却叫他厌恶的故土，愤怒而又无可奈何地与一帮“野胡”在一起度过自己的余生。

在这些虚构的国度里可以找到当时英国社会的痕迹。作品集中反映了18世纪前半期英国社会的种种矛盾，对英国政治制度作了辛辣的讽刺。如小人国里的高跟鞋代表的是当时的辉格党，而低跟鞋代表的是托利党，关于打破鸡蛋是从大的一头打还是从小的一头打的争论反映了宗教战争。主人公格列佛勤劳、勇敢、机智、善良。作品想象丰富，构思奇特，勾画出一个五彩缤纷的神奇世界。幻想与现实的有机统一是这部作品的最大特点。首版在一周内售完，并立即被译成法文和荷兰文。18世纪末叶出现了改编的小册子。伦敦塔巴特出版社于1805年首次出版了专门的儿童版本，并附有三幅彩色铜板插画。迄今的儿童版本一般只涉及格列佛在小人国和大人国的奇遇。《格列佛游记》对英国和世界儿童文学产生过重要影响，尤其是其勾想手法、离奇描写在英国儿童文学史上有开拓意义。