高中英语定语从句语法，先行词用法

Answer 1

定语从句中关系代词的选用主要由先行词决定。当先行词是表示人的名词或代词时，关系代词一般用who , that , whom;当先行词是表示事物的名词或代词时，关系代词一般用that , which;当先行词既有表示事物的名词或代词，又有表示人的名词或代词时，关系代词一般用that 。具体分诉如下：
1、关系代词who的用法：who“谁”，用来表示人，在定语从句中作主语。这里的who一般可以用that来替换。
2、关系代词that的用法：that 的具体意思由先行词的意思决定，它可以表示人，也可以表示物。作主语表示人时，that和who一般可以互换;作宾语表示人时，that和 whom一般可以互换;作主语、宾语表示物时，that 和which一般可以互换，而且都可以省略。
1、先行词指人时，引导词可用Who,Whom,及that,其中当引导词在句中作主语时用Who或that；当其充当宾语时用whom或that，在非正式宾语中也可用who，也可省略。
a That boy who/that broke the window is called Tom.
b The person to whom you just talked is Mr Li.
b 句可改为：The person(that/whom/who)you just talked to is Mr Li.

2、先行词指物时，引导词用that或which
a.They planted the trees which didn’t need much water.
b .The fish (which)we bought were not fresh.

3、先行词指时间时，引导词用When/on which或in which
a.I still remember the day when/on which I first came to Bei jing.
b.I'll never forget the year when/ on which we worked on the farm.

4、先行词指地点时，引导词用Where或in which
This is the house where/in which we lived last year.
或:This is the house that/which we lived in last year.

5、whose在定语从句中作定语时，可用来指人，也可以用来指物，如:
a.This is the boy whose mother died a month ago.
b.This is the house whose windows were broken.此句可改成：
This is the house the windoues of which were broken.

6、先行词表示原因时，引导词用why,如:
The reason why he was late for school was that he had been knocked down by a bike.