英语翻译类问题（电气工程类）

Question

Auxiliary Equipment
Circuit breakers are necessary to deenergize equipment either for normal operation or on the occurrence of short circuits. Circuit breakers must be designed to carry normal-load currents continuously, to withstand the extremely high currents that occur during faults, and to separate contacts and clear a circuit in the presence of fault. Circuit breakers are rated in terms of these duties.
When a circuit breaker opens to deenergize a piece of equipment, one side of the circuit breaker usually remains energized, as it is connected to operating equipment. Since it is sometimes necessary to work on the circuit breaker itself, it is also necessary to have means by which the circuit breaker may be completely disconnected from other energized equipment. For this purpose disconnect switches are placed in series with the circuit breakers. By opening these disconnests, the circuit breaker may be completely deenergized, permitting work to be carried on in safety.
Various instruments are necessary to monitor the operation of the electric power system. Usually each generator, each transformer bank, and each line has its own set of instruments, frequently consisting of voltmeters, ammeters, wattmeters, and varmeters.
When a fault occurs on a system, conditions on the system undergo a sudden change. Voltages usually drop and currents increase. These changes are most noticeable in the immediate vicinity of fault. On-line analog computers, commonly called relays monitor these changes of conditions, make a determination of which breaker should be opened to clear the fault, and energize the trip circuits of those appropriate breakers. 'With modern equipment, the relay action and breaker opening causes removal of fault within three or four cycles after its initiation.
The instruments that show circuit conditions and the relays that protect the circuits are not mounted directly on the power lines but are placed on switchboards in a control house. Instrument transformers are installed on the high-voltage equipment, by means of which it is possible to pass on to the meters and relays representative samples of the conditions on the operating equipment. The primary of a potential transformer is connected directly to the high-voltage equipment. The secondary provides for the instruments and relays a voltage which is a constant fraction of voltage on the operating equipment and is in phase with it. Similarly, a current transformer is connected with its primary in the high-voltage circuit. The secondary winding provides a current which is a known fraction of the power-equipment current and is in phase with it.
Bushing potential devices and capacitor potential devices serve the same purpose as potential transformers but usually with less accuracy in regard to ratio and phase angle.

Answer 1

辅助设备
断路器是必要的deenergize设备都正常运作或发生短路。断路器的设计必须履行正常的负载电流不断，承受极高电流期间发生故障，并单独接触和明确的电路存在故障。断路器的额定在这些职责。
当断路器打开deenergize一台设备，一方断路器通常仍然充满活力，因为它是连接到操作系统的设备。因为它有时需要工作断路器本身，还必须有办法使断路器可完全断开其他带电设备。为此断开开关被放置在同系列断路器。通过开放这些disconnests ，断路器可完全deenergized ，允许工作安全进行。
各种文书是必要的，以监测的运作电力系统。通常每个发生器，每个变压器银行，并在每一行都有自己的一套工具，经常组成的电压表，电流表， wattmeters ，和varmeters 。
当一个发生故障的系统上，条件对系统进行一次突然的变化。通常电压下降和电流上升。这些变化最为显着邻近的故障。在线模拟计算机，通常称为继电器监测这些变化的条件下，作出决定，其中断路器应明确开放的过错，并激励这些访问适当的电路断路器。 '有现代设备，中继断路器开放行动和清除故障原因在三个或四个周期后开始。
文书显示电路条件和继电器保护电路不直接安装在供电线路，但都放在交换机在控制房子。仪器变压器上安装了高电压设备，通过这一手段，可以传授给米和继电器有代表性的样本条件的经营设备。首要的一个潜在的变压器直接连接到高电压设备。中学规定的文书和继电器的电压是恒定电压部分的作业设备，并在第一阶段的。同样，电流互感器是与它的主要的高电压电路。二次绕组的电流提供了一个已知部分电力设备，是目前阶段它。
套管潜力设备和电容器潜力设备服务于同一目的，但潜在的变压器通常较少准确性方面比和相角。