英语中完全倒装与部分倒装各是什么意思？

Answer 1

1.完全倒装是:把谓语动词整个提前，以下情况为完全倒装
1.1 there +谓语+主语
e.g. There are many students in our school.
e.g. There lies a temple near our cottage.
1.2 副词(here, there, now, then, such)+谓语+主语
e.g. Here comes the bus.
e.g. Then opens an epoch of social revolution.
例外：主语为代词不倒装
e.g. Here she comes.
1.3 方位副词(above, away, back, below, down, in, off, out, up) +谓语+主语
e.g. Away went the boy.
e.g. Off went the horse.
例外：主语为代词不倒装
e.g. Out he rushed.
1.4 表地点的介词短语+谓语+主语
e.g. At the corner stands a man selling newspapers.
例外：主语为代词不倒装
1.5 表语(介词短语/形容词/分词)+be+主语
e.g. Outside the doctor’s clinic were 20 patients.
e.g. Happy are those who are contended.
1.6 直接引语+谓语+主语
e.g. “God save me!” thought the old man.
例外：有助动词不倒装。
e.g. “I’m hungry,” she had said.
1.7 long live +主语+!
e.g. Long live our friendship!
1.8 感叹词（what, how）+表语或宾语前置+主语+谓语+！
e.g. How blue the sky is!
e.g. What a simple life Einstein lived!
1.9 比较级（表语、状语、宾语）前置+主语+谓语
e.g. The busier he is, the happier he feels. (表语前置)
e.g. The less she worried, the better she worked. (状语前置)
e.g. The more books you read(宾语前置)，the wider your knowledge is.(表语)
1.10 no matter + wh-/how或wh- + ever/however+名词/形容词/副词前置+主语+谓语
e.g. Whatever(=no matter what) decisions he made, I would support it. (宾语前置)
e.g. However(=no matter how) carefully I explained, she still didn’t understand. (状语前置)
e.g. However(=no matter how) cold it is, he always goes swimming.(表语前置)
e.g. Whoever(=no matter who) you are, you should obey the rule. (表语前置)
1.11 副词/形容词/名词/ed分词/动词+as/though+主语+谓语
e.g. Much as I admire her, I can’t excuse her faults.
e.g. Young though she is, she has seen much of the world.
e.g. Man as he was, he behaved like a woman.
e.g. Tired though he was, he continued his work.
e.g. Try though I could, I couldn’t change her mind.
1.12 as/so+形容词或副词+as+主语+谓语
e.g. So bad as he is, he has his good points.
e.g. As much as I’d like to see you, you can’t come.

2.部分倒装:把助动词提前(be 或do ),以下情况为部分倒装
2.1 only+副词/介词短语/状语从句+助动词+主语+谓语
e.g. Only then (状语) did I know the importance of learning.
e.g. Only him (宾语) did I see yesterday.
e.g. Only in this way(状语) can we meet the challenges and opportunities.
e.g. Only when he lost health(状语从句) did he know its value.
例外：only位于句首修饰主语不倒装
e.g. Only socialism can save China.
2.2 否定词语(never, seldom, little, few, barely, hardly…when, scarcely, rarely, no longer, no more, no sooner…than)+助动词+主语+谓语
e.g. Never have I heard or seen such a thing.
e.g. Hardly had we finished our work when the bell rang.
2.3 not开头的短语+助动词+主语+谓语
e.g. Not a single mistake did he make.
e.g. Not simply is this book interesting but also instructive.
e.g. Not only did we lose our money, but we also came close to losing our lives.(只有紧跟not的分句倒装)
(例外：not only…but also连接并列主语不倒装
e.g. Not only you but also I will attend the conference.)
e.g. Not until then did he realize his own fault.
(例外：not不在句首不倒装
e.g. Until then he didn’t realize his own fault.
e.g. It was not until then that he realized his own fault.
e.g. He didn’t realize his own fault until then. )
(例外：not sth.做主语，不倒装。
e.g. Not a word was said.)
2.4 no构成的短语(by no means, in no case, under no circumstances, ect) +助动词+主语+谓语
e.g. In no time will you be all right.
e.g. Under no circumstances can we create or destroy energy.
e.g. In no shape did he look to save a man’s life.
e.g. At no period are so many people keen on politics.
2.5 no合成词+助动词+主语+谓语
e.g. Nowhere will you find better roses than these.
e.g. Nobody did I see there.
例外：no合成词做主语不倒装
e.g. Nothing can make me turn against my country.
2.6 so/such/to such + 强调成分+助动词+主语+谓语
e.g. So busy is he that he can’t attend the concert.
e.g. Such a fine day is it that we’d like to play outside.
e.g. To such lengths did he speak that everyone got bored.
2.7 虚拟语气省略了if的倒装：助动词+主语+谓语
e.g. Were I you, I would help you.
e.g. Had you come earlier, you would have met him.
e.g. should it rain, the crops would be saved.
2.8 neither/nor/no more+助动词+主语（表示也不）
e.g. The authorities were not sympathetic to the students' demands, neither(=nor) would they tolerate any disruption.
2.9 so+助动词+主语（表示也一样）
e.g. Joe was a little upset, and so was I.
e.g. She is a teacher. So is her mother.
2.10 neither … nor 两个都是否定，两个分句都倒装
e.g. Neither did they write nor did they telephone.
e.g. Neither on Saturday nor on Sunday do we have lessons.
例外：连接并列主语不倒装
e.g. Neither you nor I like this book. （很好理解，因为倒装多半为了强调，主语已然在前，已然获得了强调，所以倒无可倒，无需再倒。）
2.11 无引导词的让步状语从句倒装需用动词原形进行倒装
be+主语+or连接的两个表语
e.g. Be he sick or well, he works entirely hard
be+主语+ever+so+形容词
e.g. Be a child ever so clever, he can gain nothing without learning.
动词原形+or连接的两个主语
e.g. Come wind or rain, we will go there today.
(=Whether wind or rain comes, we will go there today.)
动词原形+疑问词+主语+may/will
e.g. I shall have to buy the coat, cost what it may.
动词原形+or+动词原形
e.g. Succeed or fail, it won’t matter to me.
2.12 比较状语从句中主语较长，或带有较长修饰语时可倒装，也可不倒
as+形容词+as+助动词
比较级+than+助动词+主语
e.g. He ran as fast as did the person who came from England.
不倒装时：He ran as fast as the person who came from England did.
2.13 (just)as+助动词+主语+谓语（也可不倒装）
e.g. Our eating habits have changed, (just) as has our way of life.
2.14 频率副词或短语+助动词+主语+谓语
e.g. Twice within my lifetime have World Wars taken place.
e.g. Often have I warned him not to go swimming alone.