第3个回答 2009-11-02
万圣节的由来
第一种
方法法关于万圣节由来的传说有许多版本,最普遍的认为,那是源于基督诞生前的古西欧国家,主要包括爱尔兰、苏格兰和威尔士,这几处的古西欧人叫德鲁伊特人。德鲁伊特的新年在十一月一日,新年前夜,德鲁伊特人让年轻人集队,戴着各种怪异面具,拎着刻好的萝卜灯(南瓜灯系后期习俗,古西欧最早没有南瓜),他们游走于村落间。这在当时实则为一种秋收的庆典;也有说是“鬼节”,传说当年死去的人,灵魂会在万圣节的前夜造访人世,据说人们应该让造访的鬼魂看到圆满的收成并对鬼魂呈现出丰盛的款待。所有篝火及灯火,一来为了吓走鬼魂,同时也为鬼魂照亮路线,引导其回归。
在中世纪的中欧,曾有过基督教摧毁异教徒的历史。可是新年夜前的祭祀庆典从未真正消除,不过以巫术的形式出现。这也就是为什么我们现在的万圣节里,还留有巫婆的扫帚、黑猫、咒语等痕迹。
第二种
两千多年前,欧洲的天主教会把11月1日定为“天下圣徒之日” (ALL HALLOWS DAY) 。“HALLOW” 即圣徒之意。传说自公元前五百年,居住在爱尔兰、苏格兰等地的凯尔特人 (CELTS)把这节日往前移了一天,即10月31日。他们认为该日是夏天正式结束的日子,也就是新年伊始,严酷的冬季开始的一天。那时人们相信,故人的亡魂会在这一天回到故居地在活人身上找寻生灵,借此再生,而且这是人在死后能获得再生的唯一希望。而活着的人则惧怕死魂来夺生,于是人们就在这一天熄掉炉火、烛光,让死魂无法找寻活人,又把自己打扮成妖魔鬼怪把死人之魂灵吓走。之后,他们又会把火种烛光重新燃起,开始新的一年的生活。传说那时凯尔特人部落还有在10月31日把活人杀死用以祭奠死人的习俗。
到了公元1世纪,占领了凯尔特部落领地的罗马人也渐渐接受了万圣节习俗,但从此废止了烧活人祭死人的野蛮做法。罗马人庆祝丰收的节日与凯尔特人仪式结合,戴着可怕的面具,打扮成动物或鬼怪,则是为了赶走在他们四周游荡的妖魔。这也就是今天全球大部分人以古灵精怪的打扮,来庆祝万圣节的由来。时间流逝,万圣节的意义逐渐起了变化,变得积极快乐起来,喜庆的意味成了主流。死魂找替身返世的说法也渐渐被摒弃和忘却。到了今天,象征万圣节的形象、图画如巫婆、黑猫等,大都有友善可爱和滑稽的脸。
第三种
凯尔特人(Celtic)相信太阳神帮助他们种植农作物。但是,每年太阳神都会被一个名叫Samhain的邪恶力量攻击并被囚禁六个月。Samhain,还有两个称号,分别是“Lord of Dead(死亡领主)”以及“Prince of Darkness(暗黑王子)”,他带着寒冷以及黑暗的冬天来到凯尔特人的土地。
凯尔特人非常害怕10月31日的夜晚,因为他们觉得这晚,有一堆邪恶灵魂潜伏在任何地方。他们在家生起火来让那些邪恶灵魂离开他们的家(上一个没有翻译的段落有一句是说火焰可以把鬼魂吓走的。)他们相信是Samhain把死人叫出来的,他们还相信Samhain会把死人变为其他东西,好像猫。凯尔特人会装着可怕的伪装来把那群邪恶灵魂赶走。(这就是万圣节的原型)
后罗马占领了凯尔特人的土地,把罗马的节日和凯尔特人10月31日的Samhain祭典合在一起,就成了现在的万圣节。
Origin of Halloween
First
Methods law on Halloween There are many versions of the origin of the legend, the most common view, that is before the birth of Christ from the ancient Western European countries, mainly including Ireland, Scotland and Wales, which several people called Druids of ancient people in Western Europe. Druids of the New Year in the November 1, New Year's Eve, Drewett young people who set team, wearing all kinds of weird masks and carrying carved turnips a good light (the latter part of the Department of pumpkin lights customs, the ancient Western Europe first there is no pumpkin), they walk in the villages between. This was actually a kind of harvest celebration; also said to be "Halloween", legend of those who died that year, the soul will be the eve of Halloween visit to death, they said that people should be allowed to visit the ghost to see the ghost of a successful harvest and to render abundant hospitality. All bonfire and lights, one hand in order to scare away the ghost, but also illuminates the road for the ghosts to guide their return.
In medieval Europe, there had been the history of Christianity to destroy infidels. However, before the New Year's Eve celebration worship never really removed, but in the form of witchcraft. This is why we are now Halloween, but are also left witch's brooms, black cats, spells and other traces.
Second
More than 2000 years ago, Europe's Catholic Church November 1 as the "world day Saints" (ALL HALLOWS DAY). "HALLOW" meaning that the saints. Five hundred years since the BC legend, living in Ireland, Scotland and other places of the Celtic (CELTS) moved forward this festive day, that is, 10 31. They feel that the day is the formal end of the summer days, that is, the new year, the harsh winter, the day began. At that time people believed that the spirits of the enemy on this day back in the house to find him in the living creatures, so as to regeneration, and it is people can be reborn after the death of the only hope. The living dead who are afraid to come to seize the soul of Health, so people will put out the fire on this day, candlelight, so that the soul can not find the living dead, gets himself dressed as ghosts and goblins to scare away the dead souls. Later, they will rekindle the fire candle to start the new year of life. Celtic tribe that time, there are legends in the October 31 to pay homage to the dead to kill the living customs.
By the 1st century AD, Celtic tribes occupied the territory of the Roman people have gradually accepted the Halloween customs, but has since abolished the firing of the brutal practices of the living dead festival. Romans celebrate the harvest festival and the Celtic ritual combination of wearing a frightening mask, dressed as animals or monsters, they are wandering around them in order to get rid of the demons. This is what most people in today's global trivial dressed, to celebrate the origin of Halloween. The passage of time, the meaning of Halloween has changed gradually, becoming an active happy together, happy flavor into the mainstream. Dead souls back to the World claims to find a substitute has gradually been abandoned and forgotten. Even today, a symbol of Halloween images, pictures, such as witches, black cats, etc., there usually is lovely and friendly, funny face.
Third
Celtic (Celtic) believe that the sun god to help them grow crops. However, each year will be a sun god named Samhain evil forces attacked and imprisoned for six months. Samhain, there are two titles, namely "Lord of Dead (Death Lord)" and "Prince of Darkness (Dark Prince)", he took the cold and dark winter came to Celtic land.
Celtic are very afraid of the October 31 night, because they feel that this night, there are a bunch of evil spirit lurking anywhere. They fire at home is to let those evil souls to leave their homes (on a translation of the paragraph is not to say there is a flame can scare off the ghosts.) They believed Samhain to the dead cry out, and they also believe that the dead would Samhain into other things, like a cat. Celtic will be filled with the terrible disguise to the group of evil souls away. (This is the prototype of Halloween)
After the Roman occupation of the Celtic lands, the Roman festivals and October 31 Celtic festival of Samhain together, it becomes the current Halloween.