第1个回答 2006-12-16
become,get和turn
get,turn,become等均可译为“变得”,但它们在用法上有些区别。
(1)get用于日语,通常跟随比较级。
It gets coldr。天气变冷了。
(2)turn是指在颜色和性质等方面变得与原来不同。
His face truned red。他的脸变红了。
(3)become是指身份、职位的变化,作瞬间动词时指状态的变化。
He becomes a teacher 。他成了一名老师。
将来“成为”不用“become”而用"be"。
She will be a teacher。她将成为一名老师。
这些动词均可表示“变成,成为”之意。
become〓最普通用词,作为连系动词,指从一个状态向另一个状态的变化。
get〓常指某人或某物有意无意地获得引起变化的因素,结果使变成另一状态。
grow〓常指逐渐地变成新状态,强调渐变的过程。
turn〓侧重指变得与原来截然不同,有时含贬义。
go〓作为连系动词,通常与形容词连用,指进入某种状态,从而发生变化,多指不好的状态。
come〓侧重变化的经过或过程,多用于不良情况。
表示人的状态变化多用become;get表示"变化"时,作系动词,后接形容词;grow强调转化的过程;turn后面接名词时,不用冠词。
32.题目
"After hard working, he __________ a lawyer.(B)
A. got B. became C. turned D. grew"
讲解:
表示人的状态变化多用become;get表示"变化"时,作系动词,后接形容词;grow强调转化的过程;turn后面接名词时,不用冠词。
turn worker /teacher /…=become a worker /a teacher
表示人的状态变化多用become;get表示"变化"时,作系动词,后接形容词;grow强调转化的过程;turn后面接名词时,不用冠词。
系动词
系动词后可用名词、不定式、分词和形容词等作表语,这类词有:
表感观的系动词:look,sound,taste,smell,feel,seem,appear(这些词用形容词作表语)
表变化的系动词:become,get,turn,grow,make,come,go,fall,run表依旧的系动词:remain,keep,stay,continue,stand,rest,lie,hold
可带名词作表语的系动词:be,become,make,look,sound,fall,prove,remain,turn(该词后接的单数名词前多不用冠词。如:He turned teacher.)(91高考)These oranges taste____________.A.good B.well C.to be good D.to be well
表变化的系动词:become,get,turn,grow,make,come,go,fall,run
表依旧的系动词:remain,keep,stay,continue,stand,rest,lie,hold
可带名词作表语的系动词:
be,become,make,look,sound,fall,prove,remain,turn(该词后接的单数名词
前多不用冠词。如:He turned teacher.)
(91高考)These oranges taste____________.
A.good B.well
———
C.to be good D.to be well
系动词亦称联系动词(Link Verb),作为系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语(亦称补语),构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。
说明:
有些系动词又是实义动词,该动词表达实义时,有词义,可单独作谓语,例如:
He fell ill yesterday.
他昨天病了。(fell是系动词,后跟补足语,说明主语情况。)
He fell off the ladder.
他从梯子上摔下来。fell是实义动词,单独作谓语。
1)状态系动词
用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如:
He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。)
2)持续系动词
用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如:
He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。
This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。
3)表像系动词
用来表示"看起来像"这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例如:
He looks tired. 他看起来很累。
He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。
4)感官系动词
感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如:
This kind of cloth feels very soft.
这种布手感很软。
This flower smells very sweet.
这朵花闻起来很香。
5)变化系动词
这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.
例如:
He became mad after that. 自那之后,他疯了。
She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。
6)终止系动词
表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, trun out, 表达"证实","变成"之意,例如:
The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。
The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。
His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。(turn out表终止性结果)
1)状态系动词
用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如:
He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。)
2)持续系动词
用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如:
He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。
This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。
3)表像系动词
用来表示"看起来像"这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例如:
He looks tired. 他看起来很累。
He seems (t.动态系动词:都属于半系动词,描述状态变化过程。
1.get“变成,变得……起来”,后可接形容词、分词、介词短语。
The days are getting longer and longer.
白天变得越来越长了。
The train didn’t get going again.
火车还没重新启动。
It’s nothing to get excited about.
没啥可因此而激动的。
My watch gets out of order.
我的表出毛病了。
2.fall“进入(某种状态),成为”,后常接以下形容词:
asleep, lame, silent, ill, sick, flat.
The old men, unable to express himself, fell silent.
那位老人说不清自己的意思,就不做声了。
My father fell ill and died.
我的父亲生病死了。
3.grow“渐渐变得……起来,长得”
You will grow used to it.
你逐渐会习惯的。
It’s growing warm.
天气渐渐暖和起来了。
4.turn“转变成(新的与原来完全不同的色彩或性质),变质(色)”。
Maple trees turn red in autumn.
枫叶在秋天变红了。
It was cloudy this morning, but fortunately it has turned fine.
今天早上是阴天,幸好已经转晴了。
He has turned writer.
他已成为一个作家。
(注意:此时writer之前无冠词a.)
5.go,“变成(某种坏的状态)”
The telephone has gone dead.
电话不通了。
The tire went flat.
轮胎瘪了。
The material has gone a funny colour.
这料子的颜色变得奇怪了。
The thieves must not go unpunished.
决不能让这些盗贼逍遥法外。
go之后常接的adj. 还有:bad, blind, wild, wrong, sour, hard, hungry, mad, red, with, anger, white, pale, blue, grey, naked等。.
6.become“变成,成为(好坏均可的情况)”
He became angry with me.
他对我生气了。
It became dark.天气晚了。
They became good friends.
他们成了好朋友。
I became interested in drawing.
我开始对素描感兴趣了。
7.come,“变成为(已知的状态),证实为”,后常接形容词或前缀un-的过去分词作表语,表示状态或情况的变化。
His wish to become a pilot has come true.
他想当飞行员的愿望实现了。
If you look into the matter, everything will come clear.
如果你调查一下这事,一切都会清楚。
My shoelaces have come undone.
我的鞋带松了。
后面常接的形容词还有:apart, dear(昂贵),natural, open, short, right(好了),unstuck(没有粘住),untied(松开)。
8.run,“变成”,后接adj.
The well has run dry.
这井已经变干了。
The price ran high.
价格上升了。
9.make,“达到某种状态[后接形容词],如sure, certain, merry, bold, free
We must make certain of facts.
我们一定要弄清事实。
The Children make free with the apples.
孩子们随便吃苹果。
D.双谓语系动词
此类系动词既有系动词的功能,后接表语,又保留原实义动词本身的含义。例如:
The run rose red.
太阳升起红艳艳。
She stopped and stood quite still.
她停下来然后一丝不动地站着。
The book lay open on the table.
那书在桌子上打开着。
The snow lay thick on the ground.
雪厚厚地堆积在地上。
He married young.
他结婚很早。
The window blew open.
窗户吹开了。
The dog has broken loose.
狗挣脱锁链了。
She blushed as red as a peony.
她的脸红得像一朵牡丹花。
Lei Feng died young.
雷锋早逝。
The material has worn thin.
这种布料已穿薄了。
The weather continued calm.
天气仍然平静。
He continued silent.
他继续沉默不语。
III.系动词用法应注意的八个问题
1.系动词的进行时态应分情况讨论。
一般地说,状态系动词无进行时态,而动态系动词有进行时态,而动态系动词有进行时态。但是在某些情况下,状态系动词也有进行时态,表示两个用途:一是表示一种短暂的、反常的状态。如:
He is being kind.
他装出和蔼可亲的样子(一时而不能持久的性质)
二是表示一种探询口气,使语言客气、生动、亲切。例如:
I hope you are keeping well.(语气委婉)
我希望你保持健康。
Are you feeling any better?(语气亲切)
你感觉好了些吗?
试比较:
Your hand feels cold.(无意识的静态性质。)
你的手摸起来冰凉。
不可以说:
Your hand is feeling cold.(×)
但可以说:
The doctor is feeling her pulse.
(有意识的动态动作)
医生正在给她拿脉。
The soup tastes good.(静态性质,无进行时)
这汤的味道不错。
The cook is tasting the soup.(动态动作,有进行时)
厨师在尝汤的味道。
总之,系动词有无进行时态应随系动词的意义或其语境变化而变化。我们在概述某一动词的进行时态时,不能笼统地说feel,smell无进行时,应指出其意义及其语用环境。例如smell的用法可见一斑。
①smell作“嗅觉”的能力时,虽是实义动词,但指的是一种性质的存在状态不能用于进行时态,常与can, could, be able to连用。
The camels can smell the water a mile off.
骆驼能嗅出一英里外有水。
②指“嗅、闻”的动作时,实义动词,可用于进行时态。
The girl is smelling the flower.
这姑娘正在闻那朵花。
③smell指“含有……气味”,“发出……气味”等事物性质时,半系动词,无进行时态。
The dinner smells good.
这饭菜闻起来真香。
2.系动词的时态与形容词的比较级连用的问题。
某些含有变化意义的动态系动词如get, become, grow, turn等的进行时态可与形容词的比较级连用,表示渐进过程,其意思是“越来越……”。例如:
He is growing taller and taller.
他长得越来越高了。
Our life is getting better and better.
我们的生活是越来越好了。
The things are getting worse.
情况是越来越糟了。
3.所有半系动词的被动语态要分情况讨论。
英语中某动词在作系动词用时,无被动语态,而作实义动词用时,才有被动语态,二者不可混为一谈。例如:
不能说:
The apple is tasted good.
(因为taste此时是系动词,“尝起来”之意,指的是苹果的性质,无被动语态)
但我们可以说:
The apple is tasted by me.
这苹果被我尝了一下。
(taste此时指“尝一尝”这一动作,有被动语态)
因此,在平时的英语教学和学习之 ,要有意注意半系动词在具体的语言环境中到底是系动词用法还是实义动词用法,要注意区分、识别。
4.瞬间动态系动词能否与时间段连用的问题
英语中某些表示瞬间意义的系动词不能与“for+时间段,since+时间点,how long until+时间,by + 时间,so far”等直接连用。例如:
①不能说:He has become a teacher for 2 years.
应改为:He has been a teacher for 2 years.
②不能说:He has turned writer since 3 years ago.
应改为:He has been a write since 3 years ago.
或It is two years since he turned writer.
③不能说:He got angry until his child came back home.
应改为:He didn’t get angry until his child came back home.
5.系动词能接几种表语(从句)
系动词除了接adj.\n.\prep.短语,某些adv.以外,还可接以下几种表语形式:
①能接as if/as though表语从句的系动词有:look(看起来),smell(闻起来),sound(听起来),feel(觉得);appear(显得),seem(似乎)。例如:
It looks as if we are going to have snow.
看样子天要下雪了。
He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairy tales.
他看来好像刚从我的童话故事中走出来似的。
She seemed as if (though) she couldn’t understand why Laura was there.
看来她好像不能理解为什么劳拉呆在那儿。
It sounds to me as though there’s a tap running somewhere.
我好像听到某处水龙头流水的声音。
She felt as if her head were splitting.
她仿佛觉得她的头要裂开了。
The river appeared as if enveloped in smog.
那条河好像笼罩在烟雾之中。
It seems as if it were spring already.
好像已是春天了。
②可用于“It+系动词+that从句”结构的有:seem, appear, 不可用be, look。如:
It seemed that he had made some serious mistakes in his work.
好像他在工作中犯了严重错误。
It appeared that he was talking to himself.
好像他在自言自语。
③能用不定式作表语的系动词有:be, seem, get, look, appear, prove, grow.
Her job is to look after the children.
她的工作是照料孩子们。
He seems not to look after the children.
他好像不是她的父亲。
He looks to be a young girl of twenty.
他看起来像是一个20岁的年轻姑娘。
He didn’t appear to dislike it.
看不出他憎恨此事。
My advice proved to be wrong.
我的建议证明是错误的。
He will grow to like this work gradually.
他会逐渐喜欢这个工作的。
④能与there连用的系动词有:be, appear, seem.
There appeared to be only one room.
那儿好像只有一个房间。
There seems(to be)no need to go.
似乎没有必要走。
6.能用两种否定形式的系动词有两个:seem, appear.
举例说明:
It doesn’t seem that we can get our money back.
= It seems that we can’t get our money back.
He seems not to be her father.
= He doesn’t seem to be her father.
The baby doesn’t appear to be awake.
= The baby appears not to be awake.
7.后接作表语的过去分词可构成系表结构
能构成系表结构的系动词通常有两个:第一个是常见的be(is, am, was等);第二个是get,口语中常用。当二者作系动词用时,它们均表示一种存在状态,而不表示被动动作;当二者作助动词用时,后接作谓语的过去分词构成被动语态。
Be + P.P常可以用get + P.P.来代替,但是并不是be系动词总是可以用get来代替。Get + P.P.系表结构常用于以下两种情况:
1)表示偶然的、突发性的、意想不到的被动动作的结果或状态。
Last night I got caught in the downpour.
昨夜我被雨淋了(表示意想不到)
The new car got scratched.
新车给刮坏了。(表突发性)
2)表示对自身所作的事。如get dressed, get lost等。
John got wounded while playing football last Saturday.
约翰上周星期六踢足球时受了伤。
They got married last month.
他们上个月结婚了。
另外,要注意区分系表结构与被动语态结构的用法。
8.几组易混系动词的区别
系动词的区别主要从两个方面作比较,一是其意义,二是其结构。
1)get, become, go, turn, grow“变成”;
get: “变得”口语。后接形容词、现在分词、过去分词、介词短语、不定式作表语,但不能与名词直接连用。
become:“变成,成为(好坏情况均可)。”后接形容词、名词、过去分词作表语,不能与不定式连用。
go: “变成(某种由好到坏的情况)”,后接形容词、过去分词、名词作表语。
Turn: “转变成”强调与原来不同的、新的变化,如变质、变色等。后接形容词、不带冠词的名词作表语,后不接不定式。
grow: “逐渐变得……”,强调其变化过程。后接形容词、分词、不定式,不可直接跟名词。
以上词的还有一类是表示"变化"的:go,get,turn,become. go,通常表示气氛,情感的变化.get,温度,气候,时间等的变化,turn,颜色的变化,become,身份,物种等的变化;这类系动词的使用比较好掌握,通常它们的后面跟形容词做表语.例如:When winter comes,the days get shorter and shorter.当冬天到来时,白天变的越来越短
例子见前面相关词例。o be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。
常见的“变成”类系动词有become, get, come, go, grow, fall, turn, run等,都表示从一种状态到另一种状态。尽管意思都差不多,但搭配有差别,若不注意,运用时会出错。我们要注意以下几个方面。
1. 形容词作表语。
go和come是一对相反的词。''go+adj.''表示令人不快的事情,而''come+adj.''表示好的事情。如:
In hot weather, meat goes bad.
Things will come righ in the end.
go与come前面的主语一般是物。如:
误:She goes famous.
正:She becomes(gets) famous.
表语为mad,crazy(古怪的),blind, lame或表示颜色的词,go前面的主语可以是人。如:
He went mad.
Hearing this, she went red.
run后面接short,dry, low, deep等词,主语多为能流动,能消耗掉的东西。如:
Their money was running short.
Still waters run deep.
但wild作表语,主语可以是人,如:.
Don't let the children run wild.
grow与run相对,接表示人或物特征的静态形容词,也接表示天气的形容词,侧重于“逐渐变成”。如:The girl grew thinner and thinner.
Soon the sky grew light.
turn多接表示颜色的形容词,也接表示天气的形容词,它侧重变得与以前完全不同。如:
The man turned blue with fear.
The weather suddenly turned much colder.
fall接asleep, silent等静态形容词和表示疾病的形容词,但不能接形容词比较级。如:
She fell ill froom cold.
(误)She fell from cold.
(正)She got worse.
fall short(没中),fall apart(散开),fall flat(没效果),可作成语记住。
''get+adj.''是口语,用得广泛,get能替代become, become较正式,get与become前面的主语既可以是人又可以是物。如:
He became(got) angry.
His coat has become(got) badly torn.
get较多地与形容词比较级连用。如:
The days are getting longer and longer.
注意:become一般不用于“将来成为”的意思。如:
(误)I hope you will become well.
(正)I hope you will get well.
2. become, turn, get, go, fall能用名词作表语,其它的则不能。如:
His dream has become(got) a reality.
He has turned scientist.
He has gone socialist.
He fell(a) victim to cancer.
注意:go, turn后面的名词通常不带冠词。
3. become, get, grow能接过去分词,并且come和go多接有否定前缀的过去分词。“get+过去分词”表示一次行为;“become+过去分词”表示事情发生的最后结果。如:
The string comes untied.
His report went unnoticed.
The fence gets white---washed every year.
She became engaged as a typist.
4. get, go, come能接现在分词,不过它们已失去“成为”的意思。如:
They went in and got chatting together.(开始)
We often go swimming.(去)
He came running in(来)
5. come, grow, get能接不定式,这种结构表示变化过程,come表示“最终变得”get表示“由不……变得”,grow表示“渐渐变得”如:
I've really come to love this place.
Mary's growing to be more and more like her mother.
You'll soon get to like it.
这种结构不能用于带有一段时间的完成时态。如:
(误)They have got to know each other for years.
(正)They have known each other for years.
6. 它们都可以接介词短语,固定搭配需要一个一个地记。如:
They ran out of money.
The problem will come under discussion.
They fell behind the others.
What has become of the girl.
It's getting near tea-time.
我们今后在阅读时,要留心这些系动词的搭配,见得多,善于运用,自然也就记得牢了。