请大家讲讲英语的语法

如果可以的话请各位从易到难都讲讲.我觉得要学好英语,首先就应该把语法先学好,而且我也觉得语法是相当的难,所以请大家帮帮忙,从头开始说起,到精通英语需要掌握的语法,谢谢了!!!
还有就是大家可不可以说说怎样才能学好甚至是精通英语呢?
万分感谢!!!

在英语中,不作句子谓语,而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词,叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有动词不定式(the Infinitive);动名词(the Gerund);现在分词(the Present Participle);过去分词(the Past Participle)。

1.非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有:

(1)如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用,例如:

They built a garden.

They suggested building a garden.

(2)都可以被状语修饰:

The suit fits him very well.

The suit used to fit him very well.

(3)都有主动与被动, “体”式(一般式;进行式;完成式)的变化。例如:

He was punished by his parents.(谓语动词被动语态)

He avoided being punished by his parents.(动名词的被动式)

We have written the composition.(谓语动词的完成时)

Having written the composition, we handed it in.(现在分词的完成式)

(4)都可以有逻辑主语

They started the work at once.(谓语动词的逻辑主语)

The boss ordered them to start the work.(动词不定式的逻辑主语)

We are League members.(谓语动词的主语)

We being League member, the work was well done.

(现在分词的逻辑主语)

2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有:

(1)非谓语动词可以有名词作用(如动词不定式和动名词),在句中做主语、宾语、表语。

(2)非谓语动词可以有形容词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。

(3)非谓语动词可以有副词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中作状语。

(二)非谓语动词的句法功能:

二、非谓语动词用法:

(一)动词不定式:(to)+do,具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。

1.不定式的形式:(以动词write为例)

否定式:not + (to) do

(1)一般式:不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后,
例如:

I'm glad to meet you.

He seems to know a lot.

We plan to pay a visit.

He wants to be an artist.

The patient asked to be operated on at once.

The teacher ordered the work to be done.

(2)进行式:不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生,例如:

The boy pretended to be working hard.

He seems to be reading in his room.

(3)完成式:不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前,例如:

I regretted to have told a lie.

I happened to have seen the film.

He is pleased to have met his friend.

2.不定式的句法功能:

(1)作主语:

To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.

To lose your heart means failure.

动词不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,例如上面两句可用如下形式:

It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.

It means failure to lose your heart.

(2)作表语:

Her job is to clean the hall.

He appears to have caught a cold.

(3)作宾语:

常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有:want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式(宾语)后面有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语(不定式)后置,放在宾语补足语后面,例如:

Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.

动词不定式也可充当介词宾语,如:

I have no choice but to stay here.

He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.

动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用,如:

He gave us some advice on how to learn English.

(4)作宾语补足语:

在复合宾语中,动词不定式可充当宾语补足语,如下动词常跟这种复合宾语:want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.

此外,介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用,如:

With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema.

有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用,但改为被动语态时,不定式要加to, 如:

I saw him cross the road.

He was seen to cross the road.

(5)作定语:

动词不定式作定语,放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系:

①动宾关系:

I have a meeting to attend.

注意:不定式为不及物动词时,所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等,应有必要的介词,如:

He found a good house to live in.

The child has nothing to worry about.

What did you open it with?

如果不定式修饰time, place, way,可以省略介词:

He has no place to live.

This is the best way to work out this problem.

如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者,不定式可用主动式也可用被动式:

Have you got anything to send?

Have you got anything to be sent?

②说明所修饰名词的内容:

We have made a plan to finish the work.

③被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语:

He is the first to get here.

(6)作状语:

①表目的:

He worked day and night to get the money.

She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.

注意不定式放句首时,逻辑主语与句子主语要一致:

wrong:To save money, every means has been tried.

right:To save money, he has tried every means.

wrong:To learn English well, a dictionary is needed.

right:To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.

②表结果:

He arrived late to find the train gone.

常用only放在不定式前表示强调:

I visited him only to find him out.

③表原因:

They were very sad to hear the news.

④表程度:

It's too dark for us to see anything.

The question is simple for him to answer.

(7)作独立成分:

To tell you the truth, I don't like the way he talked.

(8)不定式的省略:保留to省略do动词。

If you don't want to do it, you don't need to.

(9)不定式的并列:第二个不定式可省略to。

He wished to study medicine and become a doctor.

(二)动名词:

动名词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有名词的句法功能。

1.动名词的形式:

否定式:not + 动名词

(1)一般式:

Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。

(2)被动式:

He came to the party without being invited.他未被邀请就来到了晚会。

(3)完成式:

We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。

(4)完成被动式:

He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.

他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。

(5)否定式:not + 动名词

I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。

(6)复合结构:物主代词(或名词所有格)+ 动名词

He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次。

His not knowing English troubled him a lot.

他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。

2.动名词的句法功能:

(1)作主语:

Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。

Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。

当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。

It's no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的。

(2)作表语:

In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs.

在蚂蚁王国,蚁后的工作是产卵。

(3)作宾语:

They haven't finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝。

We have to prevent the air from being polluted.

我们必须阻止空气被污染。

注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语,如上面两个例句。此外,动名词作宾语时,若跟有宾语补足语,则常用形式宾语it,例如:

We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。

要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语:

enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid(避免), excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit(承认),deny(否认), mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk(冒险), appreciate(感激), be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't help(情不自禁地), think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from),keep …from, stop…(from),protect…from, set about, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like

(4)作定语:

He can't walk without a walking-stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路。

Is there a swimming pool in your school? 你们学校有游泳池吗?

(5)作同位语:

The cave, his hiding-place is secret. 那个山洞,他藏身的地方很秘密。

His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged.

他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。

(三)现在分词:

现在分词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。

1、现在分词的形式:

否定式:not + 现在分词

(1)现在分词的主动语态:现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,完成
式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生,常作状语。例如:

They went to the park, singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去。

Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 做完作业,他开始打篮球。

(2)现在分词的被动语态:一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作,完成式表示发生在谓语动
词之前的被动的动作。

The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。

Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake.

被告诉了好几遍,这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误。

2.现在分词的句法功能:

(1)作定语:现在分词作定语,当分词单独做定语时,放在所修饰的名词前;如果是分词短语做定语
放在名词后。

In the following years he worked even harder.

在后来的几年中,他学习更努力了。

The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.

正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。

现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能,如:in the following years也可用in the years that followed; the man speaking to the teacher可改为the man who is speaking to the teacher.

(2)现在分词作表语:

The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在这家上演的电影很棒。

The present situation is inspiring. 当前的形势鼓舞人心。

be + doing既可能表示现在进行时,也可能是现在分词做表语,它们的区别在于be + doing表示进行的动作是进行时,而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构。

(3)作宾语补足语:

如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语:

see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。例如:

Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗?

He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着。

(4)现在分词作状语:

①作时间状语:

(While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.

在工厂工作时,他是一名先进工人。

②作原因状语:

Being a League member, he is always helping others. 由于是共青团员,他经常帮助他人。

③作方式状语,表示伴随:

He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里,又擦又洗。

④作条件状语:

(If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.

要是整天玩,你就会浪费宝贵的时间。

⑤作结果状语:

He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了,结果摔得粉碎。

⑥作目的状语:

He went swimming the other day. 几天前他去游泳了。

⑦作让步状语:

Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.

虽然雨下得很大,但不久天就晴了。

⑧与逻辑主语构成独立主格:

I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my heard.

我等汽车时,一只鸟落到我头上。

All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.

所有的票已经卖光了,他们失望地离开了。

Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises.

如果时间允许,我们将做另两个练习。

有时也可用with (without) +名词(代词宾格)+分词形式

With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。

⑨作独立成分:

udging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor.

从外表看,他一定是个演员。

Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般说来,女孩子更细心。

(四)过去分词:

过去分词只有一种形式:规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求,要一一记住。

过去分词的句法功能:

1.过去分词作定语:

Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。

Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting. 当选为委员的人将出席这次会。

注意当过去分词是单词时,一般用于名词前,如果是过去分词短语,就放在名词的后面。过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。

2.过去分词作表语:

The window is broken. 窗户破了。

They were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。

注意:be + 过去分词,如果表示状态是系表结构,如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。区别:

The window is broken.(系表)

The window was broken by the boy.(被动)

有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的,不表示被动,只表示完成。如:

boiled water(开水) fallen leaves(落叶)

newly arrived goods(新到的货) the risen sun(升起的太阳)

the changed world(变了的世界)

这类过去分词有:gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。

3.过去分词作宾语补足语:

I heard the song sung several times last week.

上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。

有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语:

With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了,他们出去玩去了。

4.过去分词作状语:

Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents.

受到邻居们的表扬,他成为父母的骄傲。(表示原因)

Once seen, it can never be forgotten.

一旦它被看见,人们就忘不了。(表示时间)

Given more time, I'll be able to do it better.

如果给予更多的时间,我能做得更好。(表示条件)

Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.

虽然被告之有危险,他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。(表示让步)

系动词亦称联系动词(Link Verb),作为系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语(亦称补语),构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。

说明:
有些系动词又是实义动词,该动词表达实义时,有词义,可单独作谓语,例如:
He fell ill yesterday.
他昨天病了。(fell是系动词,后跟补足语,说明主语情况。)
He fell off the ladder.
他从梯子上摔下来。fell是实义动词,单独作谓语。

1)状态系动词
用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如:
He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。)

2)持续系动词
用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如:
He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。
This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。

3)表像系动词
用来表示"看起来像"这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例如:
He looks tired. 他看起来很累。
He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。

4)感官系动词
感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如:
This kind of cloth feels very soft.
这种布手感很软。
This flower smells very sweet.
这朵花闻起来很香。

5)变化系动词
这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.
例如:
He became mad after that. 自那之后,他疯了。
She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。

6)终止系动词
表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, trun out, 表达"证实","变成"之意,例如:
The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。
The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。
His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。(turn out表终止性结果)
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第1个回答  2007-01-15
语法-轻松英语-洪恩在线,这里面有分类的详细介绍,可以看看:)~~
http://www.hongen.com/eng/pub/yufac/

英语语法汇总
http://www.monfr.com/waiyu/enstudy/yyyf/Index.html
英语语法大全,可以学习下:)~
http://www.wwenglish.com/en/z/grammar/

另外,掌握英语语法的学习过程:
掌握语法的大致架构,了解语法的语类、时态、语态、句子结构等,即对语法有一个整体的认识。在学习英语的过程中,如果发现自己缺少某一部分的语法知识,停下来,打开语法书查找相对应部分的规则并加以掌握,结合例句来学习所遇到的实际语法现象。这样你很快就能够在学习英语的过程中学好语法,而这样学到的语法才是真正能够运用的“活”语法。

学习语法必须做大量的语法练习。其中包括笔头和口头的练习。只有做大量练习,才能真正把语法学“活”,即用语法来指导英语语言的使用。
第2个回答  2007-01-15
我想帮你,所以写下这段话,是不是最佳答案无所谓,其中用词不当的请谅解啊。
想把英语语法学精通,除非你想学英语语法这门专业,要不纯粹没必要,掌握个大概就行了,听说能力才是你应该下大力气的,举个例子来说,去饭店吃饭,要是按着语法要求,中文该这麽说:您好,我想要一碗米饭,一杯水,一盘鸡蛋炒西红柿,麻烦您快一点,谢谢啦。“可现实生活中谁这么说啊?都是:哎,服务员,一碗米饭来杯水,再来一西红柿鸡蛋吧,快点啊!”在外国同样道理,没有人严格按着语法说话,除非教授讲课或博士论文答辩,别死抠语法,不只枯燥无味,关键是无用啊,一点拙见,望有所助益
第3个回答  2007-01-15
死记——把单词背好,不然听力,阅读,词汇,翻译都是寸步难行
语法——一定要理解,逻辑性很强,不要死记,题目做多,就像公式,完全有理由的
死记+活用=perfect

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