第2个回答 2006-08-09
一九五九年国务院发布《关于统一计量制度的命令》,确定米制为我国的基本计量制度以来,全国推广米制、改革市制、限制英制和废除旧杂制的工作,取得了显著成绩。为贯彻对外实行开放政策,对内搞活经济的方针,适应我国国民经济、文化教育事业的发展,以及推进科学技术进
步和扩大国际经济、文化交流的需要,国务院决定在采用先进的国际单位制的基础上,进一步统一我国的计量单位。经一九八四年一月二十日国务院第二十一次常务会议讨论,通过了国家计量局《关于在我国统一实行法定计量单位的请示报告》、《全面推行我国法定计量单位的意见》和《
中华人民共和国法定计量单位》。现发布命令如下:
一、我国的计量单位一律采用《中华人民共和国法定计量单位》(附后)。
二、我国目前在人民生活中采用的市制计量单位,可以延续使用到一九九0年,一九九0年底以前要完成向国家法定计量单位的过渡。农田土地面积计量单位的改革,要在调查研究的基础上制订改革方案,另行公布。
三、计量单位的改革是一项涉及到各行各业和广大人民群众的事,各地区、各部门务必充分重视,制定积极稳妥的实施计划,保证顺利完成。
四、本命令责成国家计量局负责贯彻执行。
本命令自发布之日起生效。过去颁布的有关规定,与本命令有抵触的,以本命令为准。
中华人民共和国法定计量单位
我国的法定计量单位(以下简称法定单位)包括:
(1)国际单位制的基本单位(见表1);
(2)国际单位制的辅助单位(见表2);
(3)国际单位制中具有专门名称的导出单位(见表3);
(4)国家选定的非国际单位制单位(见表4);
(5)由以上单位构成的组合形式的单位;
(6)由词头和以上单位所构成的十进倍数和分数单位(词头见表5)。
法定单位的定义、使用方法等,由国家计量局另行规定。
表1 国际单位制的基本单位
------------------------------
量 的 名 称 | 单 位 名 称 | 单 位 符 号
------------------------------
长 度 | 米 | m
质 量 | 千克(公斤) | kg
时 间 | 秒 | s
电 流 | 安〔培〕 | A
热力学温度 | 开〔尔文〕 | K
物质的量 | 摩〔尔〕 | mol
发光强度 | 坎〔德拉〕 | cd
------------------------------
表2 国际单位制的辅助单位
------------------------------
量 的 名 称 | 单 位 名 称 | 单 位 符 号
------------------------------
平 面 角 | 弧 度 | rad
立 体 角 | 球 面 度 | sr
------------------------------
表3 国际单位制中具有专门名称的导出单位
----------------------------------
量 的 名 称 | 单位名称 |单位符号| 其它表示式例
----------------------------------
频 率 |赫〔兹〕 | Hz | 1/s
力;重力 |牛〔顿〕 | N | kg·m/秒平方
压力,压强;应力 |帕〔斯卡〕 | Pa | N/平方米
能量;功;热 |焦〔耳〕 | J | N·m
功率;辐射通量 |瓦〔特〕 | W | J/s
电荷量 |库〔仑〕 | C | A·s
电位;电压;电动势 |伏〔特〕 | V | W/A
电 容 |法〔拉〕 | F | C/V
电 阻 |欧〔姆〕 | Ω | V/A
电 导 |西〔门子〕 | S | A/V
磁通量 |韦〔伯〕 | Wb | V·s
磁通量密度,磁感应强度|特〔斯拉〕 | T | Wb/平方米
电 感 |亨〔利〕 | H | Wb/A
摄氏温度 |摄氏度 | ℃ |
光通量 |流〔明〕 | lm | cd·sr
光照度 |勒〔克斯〕 | lx | lm/平方米
放射性活度 |贝可〔勒尔〕| Bq | 1/s
吸收剂量 |戈〔瑞〕 | Gy | J/kg
剂量当量 |希〔沃特〕 | Sv | J/kg
-------------------------------------
表4 国家选定的非国际单位制单位
---------------------------------------------
量 的 名 称| 单 位 名 称 | 单位符号 | 换算关系和说明
---------------------------------------------
| 分 | min |1 min=60s
时 间 | 〔小〕时 | h |1 h=60min=3600s
| 天(日) | d |1 d=24h=86400s
---------------------------------------------
| 〔角〕秒 |(”) |1”=(π/648000)rad
平 面 角 | | | (π为圆周率)
| 〔角〕分 |(’) |1’=60”=π/10800)rad
| 度 |(°) |1°=60’=(π/180)rad
---------------------------------------------
旋转速度 | 转每分 |r/min |1r/min=(1/60)/s
---------------------------------------------
长 度 | 海 里 |n mile|1n mile=1852m
| | |(只用于航程)
---------------------------------------------
| 节 | kn |1kn=1n mile/h
速 度 | | |=(1852/3600)m/s
| | |(只用于航行)
---------------------------------------------
质 量 | 吨 | t |1t=1000kg
| 原子质量单位 | u |1u≈1.6605655×10的-27次方 kg
---------------------------------------------
体 积 | 升 | L,(l)|1L=1立方分米=1/1000立方米
---------------------------------------------
能 | 电子伏 | eV |1eV≈1.6021892×10的-13次方J
---------------------------------------------
级 差 | 分 贝 | dB |
---------------------------------------------
线 密 度 | 特〔克斯〕 | tex |1tex=1g/km
---------------------------------------------
表5 用于构成十进倍数和分数单位的词头
---------------------------------
所表示的因数 | 词头名称 | 词头符号
---------------------------------
10的18次方 |艾〔可萨〕 | E
10的15次方 |拍〔它〕 | P
10的12次方 |太〔拉〕 | T
10的 9次方 |吉〔咖〕 | G
10的 6次方 | 兆 | M
10的 3次方 | 千 | k
10的 2次方 | 百 | h
10的 1次方 | 十 | da
10的-1次方 | 分 | d
10的-2次方 | 厘 | c
10的-3次方 | 毫 | m
10的-6次方 | 微 | μ
10的-9次方 |纳〔诺〕 | n
10的-12次方 |皮〔可〕 | p
10的-15次方 |飞〔母托〕 | f
10的-18次方 |阿〔托〕 | a
---------------------------------
注:1、周、月、年(年的符号为a),为一般常用时间单位。
2、〔 〕内的字,是在不致混淆的情况下,可以省略的字。
3、( )内的字为前者的同义语。
4、角度单位度分秒的符号不处于数字后时,用括弧。
5、升的符号中,小写字母1为备用符号。
6、r为“转”的符号。
7、人民生活和贸易中,质量习惯称为重量。
8、公里为千米的俗称,符号为km。
9、10的四次方称为万,10的八次方称为亿,10的十二次方称为万亿,这类
数词的使用不受词头名称的影响,但不应与词头混淆。
(附英文)
DECREE OF THE STATE COUNCIL CONCERNING THE USE OF UNIFORM LEGALMEASURES IN THE COUNTRY
Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.
Whole Document (法规全文)
DECREE OF THE STATE COUNCIL CONCERNING THE USE OF UNIFORM LEGAL
MEASURES IN THE COUNTRY
(Issued on February 27, 1984)
Since the State Council issued the Decree Concerning the Unification of
the System of Measurement in 1959, which stipulates that the metric system
is the basic system of measurement in the country, remarkable achievements
have been made in promoting the metric system, reforming the Chinese
market system, restricting the British system and abolishing the old and
mixed systems in China. In order to implement the policy of opening up to
the outside world and invigorating the economy at home, meet the needs of
developing the national economy and cultural and educational undertakings,
promote the advancement of science and technology and broaden
international economic and cultural exchanges, the State Council has
decided to further unify the measures of the country on the basis of
adopting the advanced international system of measurement. The 21st
Executive Meeting of the State Council held on January 20, 1984 discussed
and approved the following documents submitted by the State Measurement
Bureau: the Report Concerning the Use of Uniform Legal Measures in the
Country, the Suggestion Concerning the full Application of the Country's
Legal Measures, and the Legal Measures of the People's Republic of China.
The Decree is hereby issued:
I. The Legal Measures of the People's Republic of China (see the Appendix)
shall be adopted in any measurement in our country.
II. The Chinese market system of measures currently in use in daily
commercial activities may remain applicable till the end of 1990, before
which the transition to the national legal measures must be completed. As
for the reform of farmland measures, a reform plan shall be drawn up and
promulgated separately on the basis of investigation and study.
III. The reform of measures is a matter which concerns all walks of life
and broad masses of people. Leading cadres in the various localities and
departments must pay adequate attention to it and formulate vigorous and
reliable plans of implementation so as to ensure its successful
completion.
IV. The State Measurement Bureau shall be vested by this Decree with the
responsibility of the implementation thereof.
This Decree shall go into effect from the date of issuance. If any
previous provisions come into conflict with this Decree, this Decree shall
prevail.
THE LEGAL MEASURES OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
The legal measures of the country (hereinafter referred to as the legal
measures) include:
(1) basic units of the international system of measurement (see Table 1);
(2) auxiliary units to the international system of measurement (see Table
2);
(3) units derived from the ones with special names in the international
system of measurement (see Table 3);
(4) units of non-international system of measurement chosen by the State
(see Table 4);
(5) units formed by combining the above units;
(6) units formed by the symbols (see Table 5) and the above units
multiplied or divided by 10.
The definitions, uses, etc. of the legal measures shall be stipulated
separately by the State Measurement Bureau.
Table 1 Basic Units of the International System of Measurement.
|============================|===================|===============|
|Name of Measure | Name of Unit | Unit Symbol |
|============================|===================|===============|
|Length | Metre | m |
|Mass | Kilogram (kilo) | kg |
|Time | Second | s |
|Electric Current | Ampere | A |
|Thermodynamic Temperature | Kelvin Degrees | K |
|Quantity of Matter | Gram-molecule | mol |
|Luminance Brightness | Candle | cd |
|============================|===================|===============|
Table 2 Auxiliary Units of the International System of Measurement
|===========================|===================|================|
|Name of Measure | Name of Unit | Unit Symbol |
|===========================|===================|================|
|Plane Angle | Radian | rad |
|Solid angle | Steradian | sr |
|===========================|===================|================|
Table 3 Units Derived from the Ones with Special Names in the
International System of Measurement
|======================|===============|============|==============|
|Name of Measure | Name of Unit | Unit Symbol|Other Formulas|
|======================|===============|============|==============|
|Frequency | Hertz | Hz | 1/S |
|----------------------|---------------|------------|--------------|
|Force, Gravity | Newton | N | Kg.m/(s*s) |
|----------------------|---------------|------------|--------------|
|Presure, Stress | Pascal | Pa | N/(m*m) |
|----------------------|---------------|------------|--------------|
|Energy; Work; Heat | Joule | J | N*m |
|----------------------|---------------|------------|--------------|
|Power; Radiant Flux | Watt | W | J/s |
|----------------------|---------------|------------|--------------|
|Electric Charge | Coulomb | C | A*s |
|----------------------|---------------|------------|--------------|
|Electric Potential; | | | |
|Voltage; | Volt | V | W/A |
|Electromotive force | | | |
|----------------------|---------------|------------|--------------|
|Capacitance | Farad | F | C/V |
|----------------------|---------------|------------|--------------|
|Resistance | Ohm | j | V/A |
|----------------------|---------------|------------|--------------|
|Conductance | Siemens | S | A/V |
|----------------------|---------------|------------|--------------|
|Magnetic Flux | Weber | Wb | V*s |
|----------------------|---------------|------------|--------------|
| | | | |
|Magnetic flux Density.| Tesla | T | Wb/(m*m) |
| Magnetic Induction | | | |
|----------------------|---------------|------------|--------------|
|Inductance | Henry | H | Wb/A |
|----------------------|---------------|------------|--------------|
|Centigrade Temperature| Degree | xC | |
| | (Centrgrade) | | |
|----------------------|---------------|------------|--------------|
|Luminous Flux | Lumen | lm | cd*sr |
|----------------------|---------------|------------|--------------|
|Illumination | Lux | lx | lm/(m*m) |
|----------------------|---------------|------------|--------------|
|Radioactive Activity | Becquerel | Bq | 1/s |
|----------------------|---------------|------------|--------------|
|Absorption Dosage | Gray | Gy | J/Kg |
|----------------------|---------------|------------|--------------|
|Dose Equivalent | Sievert | Sv | J/Kg |
|======================|===============|============|==============|
Table 4 Units of Non-International System of Measurement
|=================|==============|=============|==============================|
|Name of Measure |Name of Unit |Unit Symbol |Conversion/Explanation |
|=================|==============|=============|==============================|
|Time |Minute |min |1min=60s |
| |Hour | h |1h = 60min = 3,600s |
| |Day | d |1d = 24h = 1,440min = 86,400s |
|-----------------|--------------|-------------|------------------------------|
|Plane Angle |Second |(") |1" = (c/648,000) rad |
| |minute |(') |1'= 60" = (c /10,800) rad |
| |Degree |(x) |1 = 60' = (c /180) rad |
|-----------------|--------------|-------------|------------------------------|
|Revolving Speed |Round per | | |
| |Minute |r/min |1r/min = (1/60)/second |
|-----------------|--------------|-------------|------------------------------|
|Length |Nautical Mile |n mile |1 n mile = 1852m |
| | | |(only used for voyages) |
|-----------------|--------------|-------------|------------------------------|
|Speed |Knot |Kn |1 kn = 1 n mile/h = |
| | | |(1852/3600) m/s |
| | | |(only used for voyages) |
|-----------------|--------------|-------------|------------------------------|
|Mass |Ton |t |1 t = 1,000 Kg |
| |Atomic | | |
| |Weight Unit |u |1 u w 1.6605655 * 10 exp-27 |
|-----------------|--------------|-------------|------------------------------|
|Volum |Litre |L, (l) |1 L = 1/1000 (m*m*m) =1dm
3 |
|-----------------|--------------|-------------|------------------------------|
|Energy |Electron- | | |
| |volt |eV |1 eV w 1.6021892 * exp -19 J |
|-----------------|--------------|-------------|------------------------------|
|Differential |Decibel |dB | |
|-----------------|--------------|-------------|------------------------------|
|Line Density |tex |tex |1 tex = 1 g/Km |
|=================|==============|=============|==============================|
Table 5 Special Terms and Symbols of the Multiples and Fractions of 10
|============|=================|=========|
| Factor |Special Terms in | Symbol |
| | Chinese | |
|============|=================|=========|
| 10 exp 18 | 艾[可萨] | E |
|------------|-----------------|---------|
| 10 exp 15 | 拒[它] | P |
|------------|-----------------|---------|
| 10 exp 12 | 太[拉] | T |
|------------|-----------------|---------|
| 10 exp 9 | 吉[咖] | G |
|------------|-----------------|---------|
| 10 exp 6 | 兆 | M |
|------------|-----------------|---------|
| 10 exp 3 | 千 | k |
|------------|-----------------|---------|
| 10 exp 2 | 百 | h |
|------------|-----------------|---------|
| 10 exp 1 | 十 | da |
|------------|-----------------|---------|
| 10 exp -1 | 分 | d |
|------------|-----------------|---------|
| 10 exp -2 | 厘 | c |
|------------|-----------------|---------|
| 10 exp -3 | 毫 | m |
|------------|-----------------|---------|
| 10 exp -6 | 微 | f |
|------------|-----------------|---------|
| 10 exp -9 | 纳[诺] | n |
|------------|-----------------|---------|
| 10 exp -12 | 皮[可] | p |
|------------|-----------------|---------|
| 10 exp -15 | 飞[母托] | f |
|------------|-----------------|---------|
| 10 exp -18 | 阿[托] | a |
|============|=================|=========|
N.B.
1. "Week", "month", and "year" (the symbol for "year" is "a")
are units of time in common use.
2. The word in the bracket[] can be omitted when the omission
is not liable to cause confusion.
3. The word in the parenthesis ( ) are synonyms for the words
immediately before them.
4. The symbols for angle units (degree, miniute and second) are
put into parentheses when they are not preceded by numerals.
5. In the symbol for the litre, the small letter "l" is an
alternate synbol.
6. "r" is the symbol for "revolving".
7. "Mass" is commonly called "weight" in people's daily life and
trade.
8. "Gong li" is a popular name for "kilometre" and its symbol
is "km".
9. 10 exp 4,
10 exp 8 and
10 exp 12
are respectively called "wan", "yi", and "wan yi" in Chinese.
The use of such numerals is not affected by the special terms
listed in Table 5, but they should not be mixed up with the
special terms.