第1个回答 2017-10-02
一、be动词 (verb to be)
动词be是初中最先接触到的动词,有am are is
I am, you are, he is , she is , it is (not) a ...student.
We are ,you are ,they are (not) students.
are not=aren't is not =isn't
肯定与否定的回答形式
Am I ...? Yes,you are.No,you are not.
Are you ...? Yes,I am. No,I am not.
Is he(she ,it ) ...? Yes,he (she, it ) is .No,he(she,it ) isn't.
Are you (they) ... ? Yes,we( they ) are. No,we ( they) are not.
二、人称代词和物主代词 (personal and possessive pronouns)
主格和宾格,主格是动作的发生这做主语,宾格是动作的承受者作宾语或者谓语介词后做介词的补语
主格: I you she he it we you they
宾格: me you her him it us you them
I am learning English.
They are picking apples.
We will help them.
Some of us are tall.
下面讲讲物主代词,表示物主关系的代词,也叫人称代词的所有格,分为形容词型物主代词和名词性物主代词,形容词型物主代词在名词前做定语起修饰的作用,名词性物主代词可以
在句中独立做主语宾语,相当于形容词型物主代词加上后面的宾语
形容词型物主代词有
my your her his its our your their
名词性物主代词
mine yours hershis its ours yours theirs
My hat Their classroom our school 分别修饰后面的名词
This is not my coat.
Mine is in the bedroom.
You may use my bike.
I'll use his. (his 相当于名词性物主代词做宾语)
The shoes are theirs. 这句中theirs是名词性物主代词做表语相当于their shoes
He is a friend of mine. 和介词连用 of mine 构成定语修饰friend
记住不同人称的主格和宾格,名词性与形容词性的形式 不要死记硬背,要多练,多说,注意英汉两种语言中物主代词的不同用法,表示某物属于某人的时候通常用物主代词,但是翻译成汉语的时候时常省略
Now the girl is quite a help to her mother. 现在这个女孩是他妈妈的得力助手
He writes with his left hand.
三、There be 句型
There is (are) + 某物或某人在某地
“某地有某物 (某人)”
要注意be动词单复数要跟后面的名词一致
There is a house in picture.
There are some birds in the tree.
There isn't a house in the house.
There isn't any water in the bottle.
There aren't any factories in the city.
Is there a boy under the tree?
Yes,there is . No,there isn't.
Are there any bananas on the tree?
Yes,there are(some). No,there aren't(any).
注意:表示某物某地有某人的时候只表示客观存在的东西,不表示某人拥有某物
There are five pictures on the wall.表示客观存在
I have five pictures. 表示某人拥有某东西
There be 中的现在完成时
There has been a picture on the wall for a long time.
The picture has been on the wall for a long time .
两种或两种以上时名词候,be单复数就近原则 肯定句中and连接,否定句中用or连接 There is an apple and some tomatoes on the table.
There are two balls and a box under the table.
There isn't a desk or chairs in the classroom.
There aren't any pictures or a map on the wall.
四、名词的复数形式(the plurals of nouns)
英语中的名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词,可数名词是有复数的
An apple -- two applesa book -- two books
不可数名词一般是么有复数形式的,但是表示多的意思的话,表示复数的意义,就要在前面加上一些单位词
Bread -- some pieces of bread
Water -- three glasses of water
可数名词单数到复数的变化
1,大部分名词的复数形式是在单数形式后加s
Book -- bookspage -- pages
2,s,x,,ch,sh,结尾的名词加es
Box --boxes watch -- watches
3,以辅音字母加y结尾的名词变y为i加es
Factory -- factories city -- cities
4,以辅音字母加o结尾的名词一般加es
Potato -- potatoes tomato -- tomatoes
以元音字没有加o结尾的名词只加s
Radio -- radios zoo -- zoos
有少数以辅音字母加o结尾的名词只加s
Piano -- pianos photo -- photos
5,还有少数名词单、复数形式相同
Chinese -- Chinese sheep -- sheep
6,f或fe结尾的名词多数加v再加es
Knife -- knives wife -- wives
7,一部分名词有不规则的复数形式
Man -- men child --children
8,有些名词总是以复数的形式出现
Trousers clothes glasses
大家学习的时候首先要注意到名词是否可数,应为他直接影响到后面的谓语动词冠词以及代词的使用另外在汉语里有些东西是可数的,在英语里面这东西就不可数了,大家一定要注意掌握他正确的用法
五、现在进行时(the present continuous tense)
初中英语中第一个接触的时态,表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,或现阶段进行的动作 The students of class 4 are playing football.
I usually get up at 6:30,but I'm getting up at 6:00 every day this week.
构成是动词的 be ( am , is , are ) + 动词的现在分词
I am ,you are , he is , she is , it is ( not ) eating
We are ,you are , they are ( not ) eating
一般疑问句的回答
Am I eating ?Yes,you are. No, you aren't.
Are you eating? Yes,I am. No,I'm not.
Is he (she) eating? Yes,he (she) is . No, he(she)isn't.
Are they eating? Yes,they are. No,they aren't.
现在分词的构成
一般情况动词原型上加ing
Stand -- standing jump -- jumping
不发音的字母e结尾的动词去e加ing
Write -- writing make -- making
重读闭音节结尾的动词,如果末尾只有一个辅音字母的,先双写此字母再加ing
Run -- runningsit -- sitting
现在进行时除了表示现在进行的动作意外还可以表示最近一个按计划要安排或者要进行的动作,表示将来时间要发生的事情
We are going to Nanjing next month.
She is leaving tomorrow.
这个用法一般用于go come leave 这样的动词
有些动词不用进行时态,表情感,表感觉的,表状态的动词,表示心里活动的动词 See hear feel smell
Be have love hate like want wish
Understand forget remember
Feel 表心里活动的时候可用进行时态
How are you feeling now?
I'm feeling better.
六、动词 have ( verb to "have")
作为实意动词的时候为有
I have,you have , he has, she has, it has (not) ...
We have ,you have , they have (not) ...
一般疑问句及回答
Do I (you we they ) have ... ?
Yes ,you (I you they )do.
No,you ( I you they ) don't.
Does he (she it ) have ...?
Yes,he (she it ) does.
No,he (she it ) doesn't.
学习have这个动词的时候,作为“有”含义疑问句可以直接have提前,否定句中直接加not Have you a bike?
Has she a ruler?
I haven't a book?
She hasn't any books?
如果不是 有的意思,就当作一般的动词对待
Have a meal
Have a lesson
Have a drink
Have a party
Have a bath
Have a walk
七、一般现在时(the present indefinite tense)
一般现在时表示习惯性的和经常性的动作,常常与一些usually sometimes everyday 时间状语连用,也可以表示现在的特征,状态,普遍真理,或者客观事实谚语等等
I you we they ,work there
He she ,works there.
Do I (you we they ) work there?
Yes ,I (you we they) do.
No,I ( you we they) don't.
Does he(she) work there?
Yes,he(she) does.
No,he (she) doesn't.
当主语为第三人称单数的时候,谓语动词就要在词尾加上es,或者s
一般动词加s like-likes work - works
以字母o s ch sh x 结尾的动词加es
Do- does go - goes wash - washes
以辅音字母加y结尾的词先变y为i再加es
Study - studiescarry - carries
第三人称不限于He she it ,比如 my father my teacher my country his coat
My name their classroom 都是第三人称单数
第三人称一般疑问句和否定句都要用助动词does 构成
原来的动词必须要恢复原型
She does her homework every day.
She doesn't do her homework every day.
Does she do her homework every day?
八、基数词和序数词 ( cardinal numbers and ordinal numbers )
初中我们学习的是100以内的基数词
1 从13-19 都以 -teen 结尾 thirteen
2 从20-90等十位数的整数都是以ty结尾 sixty
3 从21-99,先说“几十” 再说 “几”,中间加连字号 eighty-five
序数词 一般都是由基数词加th 完成的
Seven - seventh
Twenty - twentieth y变i改为+eth
Five -fifth
First second third eighth ninth
第2个回答 2009-06-14
【课本要点】there will be … 将有……(P2)
【中考聚焦】Do you know there will __________ English party this Friday. (2006 贵州铜仁)
A. have an B. hold an C. is an D. be an
【考点点拨】D。“There will be …”,是There be结构的一般将来时,表示“……将有……”,相当于There is/are going to be …。根据题意“你知道这个星期五将有一个英语聚会吗?”和关键信息there will可直接选出正确答案为D。
【课本要点】 be able to do … 能/可以做…….(P6)
【中考聚焦】I am afraid that I _________ finish the task in such a short time. Could you help me, please? (2006福建厦门)
A. can B. am not able to C. am going to
【考点点拨】B。be able to意为“能;会”,相当于情态动词,后面接动词原形,其否定形式是在be后加not。根据后句题意“你能帮助我吗”可知“我担心自己不能在这么段的时间完成这项任务”可选B。
【课本要点】 …. the same … as ……与……一样(P8)
【中考聚焦】Mrs Green gave birth to Lucy and Lily in 1992. They’re twin sisters. (改为同义句)
Lucy is the _________ age _________ Lily. (2006江苏盐城)
【考点点拨】same, as。the same … as是be different from的反义词组,本题由上句“They’re twin sisters”可推知Lucy和Lily年龄相同,所以填same, as。
【课本要点】 for example (P8)
【中考聚焦】Teenagers have all kinds of dreams. _________, some students would like to go to the moon some day. (2006吉林长春)
A. After all B. At once C. In fact D. For example
【考点点拨】D。for example意为“例如”,用来举例说明某一论点或情况,一般只举同类人或物中的“一个/些”为例,作插入语,可位于句首,句中或句末。分析比较四个选项,分别意为“毕竟”、“立刻;马上”、“事实上”、“例如”,根据题意“青少年有各种各样的梦,例如一些学生想有一天能去月球”可选出正确答案为D。
【考点点拨】D。动词不定式用作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而把动词不定式放在后面,构成“It’s +adj./n. +to do…”句式,这样可以使句子避免头重脚轻。就本题而言,由关键词it’s即可确定正确答案为D。
【课本要点】 there be … doing …(P8)
【中考聚焦】-Is Jim at home by himself?
-No. There’s another boy _________ with him. (2004江苏扬州)
A. playing B. play C. plays D. to play
【考点点拨】A。There be sb./sth. doing sth.句式是“there be +主语+地点状语”的变体,在主语后面加动词的-ing形式,表示该动词的动作目前或现阶段正在进行,可译为“有某人或某物正在做某事”。本题由语境“还有另一个男孩和他(在家)玩”可选出正确答案为A。
【课本要点】 would like to do … 想要做…… (P8)
【中考聚焦】Would you like _________ swimming with me? (2005湖南常德)
A. go B. going C. to go D. goes
【考点点拨】D。本题四个选项都可以引导时间状语从句,由关键词don’t可选出正确答案为D。not … until意为“直到……才……”,用来引导时间状语时,从句不能用一般将来时。
【课本要点】 see .... doing … 看见……做……(P16)
【中考聚焦】-Where’s Mr. Yu, do you know?
-Well, it’s hard to say. But I saw him ________ a football game just now. (2006河南省课改区)
A. was watching B. watching C. had watched D. watched
【考点点拨】B。see sb. doing sth.表示“看见某人正在做某事”,强调动作正在进行;而see sb. do sth.表示“看见某人做过某事”,强调动作的全过程。由题意“我刚才看见他正在看足球赛”可选B。
【课本要点】find it … to do … 发现做…..是……的(P16)
【中考聚焦】I find ________ difficult to finish the work on time. We only have three hours left. (2006吉林长春)
A. it B. that C. its D. this
【考点点拨】A。 “find+ it+形容词+to do sth.”表示”发现做某事是……的”,其中it是形式宾语,而正在宾语的是后面的动词不定式,形容词在句中作宾语补足语。由关键信息find和diffiuclt to finish可确定正确答案为A。
【课本要点】 take place …. 发生……(P22)
【中考聚焦】Great changes _________ the last three years. (2005湖北黄冈)
A. have taken place B. have been taken place
C. have happened D. have been happened
【考点点拨】A。happen和take place都可以表示“发生”,其区别是:前者往往带有偶然的意味;如果表示“某人发生了什么事或某物发生了什么情况”时,用happen to sb./ sth;而后者常用于表示某些历史事件或会议等按意图、计划的发生。认真分析题意,由“发生的变化”是“有计划的”,可排除C、D选项;因tale place没有被动语态,故正确答案是A