第1个回答 2009-08-27
作文是各类英语考试中得分率最低的题型之一。同学们在掌握了一定的作文模板,和基本的语法、词汇、句型用法之后,如果能在作文中创造一些词汇和句型的闪光点,必定会使你的作文如虎添翼!
高分作文标志:
1、是否长短句交叉;
2、是否会使用插入语;
3、用词是否多样,准确,形象,尽量使用能够吸引阅卷老师眼球的闪光词;
4、关键词是否换用,切勿老用重复词;
5、句型使用是否准确、地道。
下面给出写好一篇作文的注意事项:
1. 适当用被动替换主动,这样能更客观的反映事实, 句子开头不要总是用we / I (比如写结尾时不用we should pay attention to而用Attention should be paid to. ) 举个经典结尾2004年六月六级作文的最后一段:It is ,therefore, high time that some applicable approaches were implemented by the service industry like that. By doing so,its competitive edge will be sharpened effectively.
2. 善于使用插入语,比如说把副词、连接词等,作插入语放在中间,一般放在主语、动词或者助动词后,两边分别加上逗号。
如however / therefore /for example/I believe 做插入语放在中间,一般放在动词,助动词后,两边分别加上逗号。
比如说: Other individuals, however, take the attitude that …
3. 一定要学会换词,换形象,具体的替换太宽泛的。(考试中一般不要出现good, bad , many, thing, think,
people, opinion 等等)比如上面例子中,applicable替换proper, approaches替换ways, implement替换carry out, sharpen one’s competitive edge替换enhance one’s competitiveness(提高某物竞争力)
下面举一篇南京工程学院某位同学写的优秀作文(14分)的例子,看看他是如何运用各类写作技巧的。这位同学把老师上课讲的各类写作手法和精彩替换和句型都用上了,作文有了很大的提高。
Computer and I ( By Simmy )
I never forget the exceedingly thrilling day when my mother bought me a computer as birthday present, which exerted a tremendous fascination on me so that i indulged myself in googling an army of useful information i had expected ,and enjoy a sea of melodious classic music. That night I was sleepless, feeling that the whole world belonged to me.
exceedingly 替换 very
thrilling 替换 exciting
sth. exert a tremendous fascination on sb 替换 sb. be interested in sth.
google 替换 search
an army of 替换 a lot of
The dawn of the new century witnessed the increasing popularity of computers. Coincident with the advancement of science and technology, computers pouring into the current society as a fashion are appealing to growing individuals. It is no exaggeration to say we have been submerged by them, in large measure!
The dawn of the new century witnessed 是一个精彩句型,用来描述在某个时期发生了什么事情; Increasing popularity 替换 more and more popular
Coincident with … 非常地道的句型,表达“与…一致”的意思,替换 With …
Advancement 替换 development
Pour into ( flood into / swarm into )替换 enter into
Current ( currently )替换 now
Appeal to sb. 替换 sb. be interested in sth.
Growing individuals 替换 more and more people
It is no exaggeration to say 经典句型, 说某事是毫不夸张的
For a start, we can, freely, search desired information at any moment . Little by little, our knowledge will be well enriched, and our horizons will be greatly broadened. Additionally, we can get huge recreations online by chatting, playing games, or delivering email.
For a start 替换 To begin with
We can, freely, search 用了插入语的写作手法
our knowledge will be well enriched, and our horizons will be greatly broadened. 用了非常精彩的被动
Additionally 替换 In addition / Besides
Deliver 替换 send
There is no denying that , however, computers can function in the disservice of human beings, in a way, especially the growing violence ,***, porn pictures, AV-films emerging on the screen , which leads quiet a few net citizens to copying.
There is no denying that , however, computers can function in the disservice of human beings, 这个句子有三个精彩之处,首先There is no denying that这个句型,还有however作为插入语, function in the disservice of 替换 do harm to
Emerging 替换 appearing ( fading 替换 disappearing )
Net citizen 网民,属于精彩用词
As a classic proverb goes that no garden has no weeds. Computers do play a positive role in the development of people' lives, despite a slice of unfavorable impacts. We should ,therefore, take advantage of the fruits and avoid the opposite facet.
No garden has no weeds 替换 Every coin has two sides
Computers do play ,do 强调
Positive 替换 important / good 等
A slice of 替换 a part of
Unfavorable 替换 bad
Impacts 替换 effects / influences
We should, therefore, take advantage of … 使用插入语
Fruits (而且fruits 用的非常形象, merits/ virtues) 替换 advantage ( defects 替换 disadvantage ) Facet 替换 aspect
各位同学,上面的作文里有这么多精彩的闪光点,作文怎么会不得高分呢
以下是30个最经典的替换词,各位同学可以参考一下:
1.individuals,characters, folks替换(people ,persons)
2: positive, favorable, rosy (美好的),promising
(有希望的),perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior替换good
3:dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill (有害的)替换bad
如果bad做表语,可以有be less impressive替换
eg.An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms. When it approaches to graduation ,as a result, they find their academic records are less impressive.
4.(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,a host of, many, if not most)替换many.
注:用many, if not most 一定要小心,many后一定要有词。
Eg. Many individuals, if not most, harbor the idea that….同理 用most, if not all ,替换most.
5: a slice of, quiet a few , several替换some
6:harbor the idea that, take the attitude that,
hold the view that, it is widely shared that,
it is universally acknowledged that)替think
(因为是书面语,所以要加that)
7:affair ,business ,matter 替换thing
8: shared 代 common
9.reap huge fruits 替换get many benefits )
10:for my part ,from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion
11:Increasing(ly),growing 替换more and more( 注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing.修饰形容词,副词用increasingly.
Eg.sth has gained growing popularity.
Sth is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth.
12.little if anything, 或little or nothing替换hardly
13..beneficial, rewarding替换helpful,
14.shopper,client,consumer,purchaser, 替换customer
15.exceedingly,extremely, intensely 替换very
16.hardly necessary, hardly inevitable ... 替换 unnecessary, avoidable
17.sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换sb take interest in / sb. be interested in
18.capture one's attention替换attract one's attention.
19.facet,demension,sphere代aspect
20.be indicative of ,be suggestive of ,be fearful of代 indicate, suggest ,fear
21.give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换cause.
22. There are several reasons behind sth 替换..reasons for sth
23.desire 替换want.
24.pour attention into 替换pay attention to
25.bear in mind that 替换remember
26. enjoy, possess 替换have(注意process是过程的意思)
27. interaction替换communication
28.frown on sth替换 be against , disagree with sth
29.to name only a few, as an example替换 for example, for instance
30. next to / virtually impossible,替换nearly / almost impossible
第3个回答 2017-07-25
作者:驴儿LVER
链接:
https://www.zhihu.com/question/20157518/answer/48428255来源:知乎
著作权归作者所有。商业转载请联系作者获得授权,非商业转载请注明出处。
能够吸引阅卷老师好感的单词满足四大原则:
【原则一:晚词优先】
老师偏爱“学得晚”的单词,因为使用学得比较晚的单词,可以体现一个人“学以致用”的意识。如果一个意思既可以用初中单词来表达,又可以用高二、高三单词来表达,那尽量选择高二、高三的单词,如:
(1)Adj.困难的
黯然低分词:difficult
闪光高分词:challenging 有挑战性的
(2)Adj.重要的
黯然低分词:important
闪光高分词:vital 至关重要的;essential 必不可少的;significant 有重要意义的;
(3)Adj.美丽的
黯然低分词:beautiful
闪光高分词:appealing动人的;attractive 吸引人的;charming迷人的;fascinating 迷人的
注:以上五个词既能修饰人,又能修饰物,非常好用,务必记熟!
【原则二:短语优先】
在阅卷老师看来,活用短语是一个考生能力的体现。因此,我们可以掌握一些将某些常见单词转化为短语的用法,如:
(4)v. 参加
黯然低分词:join
闪光高分词:take part in
(5)v. 使用
黯然低分词:use
闪光高分词:make good use of
(6)v. 拜访
黯然低分词:visit
闪光高分词:pay a visit to
(7)最常见的换词手段:形容词=of+同根名词
黯然低分词
闪光高分词
very important 重要的
of great importance
very difficult 困难的
of great difficulty
very beautiful 美丽的
of great beauty
very useful 有用的
of great use
very helpful 有帮助的
of great help
very harmful 有害的
of great harm
very valuable 有价值的
of great value
very significant 至关重要的
of great significance
very necessary 必要的
of great necessity
【原则三:“具体化”单词优先】
请先对比以下几组句子:
【例句1】I go to school everyday.
【例句2】I ride to school everyday.
在课堂上,笔者经常以这两个句子为例,讲解“具体化”的重要性。很多同学都能感觉到例句2要比例句1好。究其原因,是例句2中的rode比例句1中的went更加具体:went只表达了“去”的意思,而rode不但表达出“去”的意思,还能表达出具体的交通方式。也就是说,例句2表达的信息量比例句1更加丰富。
再如:
【例句3】Mr Wang is a good teacher.
【例句4】Mr Wang is a kind, patient and knowledgeable teacher.
例句3只表达出Mr Wang是一个“好”老师,而到底“好”在哪些方面,却没有具体说清楚;例句4则清楚地告诉读者,Mr Wang好在三个方面:和蔼(kind)、耐心(patient)以及知识丰富(knowledgeable)。
因此,我们必须学会换用更为具体的单词表达我们的思想,如:
(8)adj. 学习
黯然低分词:learn
闪光高分词:research研究;pick up偶然学到,顺便学到,轻松学到;master掌握
(9)n. 好老师
黯然低分词:a good teacher
闪光高分词:a kind, patient and knowledgeable English teacher一个善良、耐心、博学的老师
当然,除了替换某些表意抽象的单词,我们还可以通过增加细节成分,使表达更为具体,如,例句2可以加上同伴、心情等信息,进一步改写成:
【例句5】I,together with Tom and Jerry, rode to the Zhongshan park yesterday,feeling rather excited.
同样的,例句4也可以加上一个定语从句,写出Mr Wang到底擅长哪些事情,如:
【例句6】Mr Wang is a kind, patient and knowledgeable teacher who knows how to enlighten us students.
可以看到,例句5和例句6两个句子采用“具体化”的手段,将原本毫无生气的句子顿时变得生动形象了。
综上所述,想让你的表达“具体化”,一共有两种常用方法,其一,是换掉某些表意不明确的单词,换上表意更加明确具体的单词;其二,是在句中适当增加细节成分。“具体化”的好处,是让句子的含义更加丰富,让读者更容易由句子展开丰富的联想,随着作者一起经历、一起思考、一起感动。在平时的学习、训练中,与其生硬地使用超纲词汇,不如好好熟悉大纲单词,用好“具体化”的两种方法,为你的作文增光添彩。
事实上,“具体化”在汉语写作中也有同样的体现。比如,要表达“惜别”的感情,光说“再见”是不够的,应该像诗人那样,用具体化的细节带动感情,写出梦幻般的文字:“让我与你握别/ 再轻轻抽出我的手/ 知道思念从此生根/ 浮云白日/ 山川庄严温柔...”
这就是“具体化”的作用,你体会到了吗?
【原则四:大纲词汇的衍生词优先】
在高中英语中,我们已经涉及到了词根词缀的知识。运用这些知识,可以将很多高中词汇衍生为四六级词汇甚至托福、雅思词汇。如果能够熟练使用一两个这种词汇,你的作文肯定“碉堡了”!
举例如下,看看箭头后面的替换词都是由哪些单词变来的?
(10)adj. 当然地
黯然低分词:certainly
闪光高分词:obviously 明显地;undoubtedly 毫无疑问地;evidently显然地;
(11)adj. 不开心的
黯然低分词:sad
闪光高分词:discouraged气馁的;depressed沮丧的;downhearted垂头丧气的;low-spirited意志消沉的;
可以看出,这里列举的“大纲词汇衍生词”看上去都相当“有水平”,但都是由大纲中的简单单词加上某些前缀、后缀变来的,可以说又好记,又好用,你学会了吗?
只要运用以上四种方法,在平时的学习中不断积累和使用“闪光高分词”,一定能让你的作文绽放出最美的光辉!