[编辑本段]一、词的语气
指我们平常说的说话人说话的口气。(在英语中,语气除了指语调以外,最主要的是通过动词发生变化而表示不同语气)
英语中的语气分为三类:
陈述语气(用于陈述句、疑问句、感叹句)
祈使语气(用于祈使句)
虚拟语气(用于条件状语从句、宾语从句等)
[编辑本段]二、虚拟语气
1) 虚拟语气概念
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。
2) 在条件句中的应用
条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况,故采用虚拟语气。
[编辑本段]三、虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法
1、真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句
eg .If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bus. ( 真实条件状语)
If he was free, he would ask me to tell stories. (真实条件状语)
If I were you, I would go at once. (非真实条件状语从句)
If there were no air, people would die. (非真实条件状语从句)
2、虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法及动词形式
① 表示与现在事实相反的情况
(条件)从句谓语动词形式 主句谓语动词形式
谓语动词用一般过去式
(be用were) should/would/could/might+动词原形(过去将来时)
eg.If I were you, I’d take an umbrella.如果我是你,我会带把伞。(事实:我不可能是你)
If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码,我就会告诉你。(事实:不知道)
If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气,地球上就不会有生物。(事实:地球上既有空气也有水)
If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了,我就会借给你些。(事实:没带钱)
If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.如果他在努力些,就能通过考试了。(事实:学习不用功)
②表示与过去事实相反的情况
从句谓语动词形式 主句谓语动词形式
Had+过去分词(过去完成时) Should/would/could/might+
have+过去分词(现在完成将来时)
eg. If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她。(事实:去晚了)
If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话,就不会犯这样的错误了。(事实:没有听我的话)
③表示对将来情况的主观推测(可能相反或可能性很小)
从句 主语 例句
If+主语+ ① should+动词
② did
③were to do
(①通常与一个表示时间状语连用)其 中were to do可能性最小,
should/would/
could/might+动词原形
If it rained tomorrow our picnic would be put off.
万一那天下雨,我们的郊游
就推迟。
eg.If he would come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him. 如果他哪天来这儿的话,我就跟他谈谈。(事实:来的可能性很小)
If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪,我们就不能去滑冰了。(事实:不知能否下雪)
If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话,我就会告诉她这件事得始末。
[编辑本段]四、虚拟语气的其他用法
①、虚拟语气用在wish 后的宾语从句
a、表示与现在事实相反的愿望,谓语动词用过去式
eg. I wish I had your brains.我希望我有你那样的头脑。(事实:我根本比不上你)
b、表示过去事实相反的愿望,谓语动词:had+v-ed
eg:.I wish I had known the truth of the matter.我希望我原来知道这件事的真相。(事实:原来不知道)
c、表示将来难以实现的愿望
谓语动词:should/would + 动词原形
eg. I wish I should have a chance again.我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。(事实:很难再有这样的机会了)
②虚拟语气用在suggest(建议)、insist(坚持)、demand(要求)、order(命令)等动词后的宾语从句中。
在这种用法中,无论主句谓语动词为何种时态,从句的谓语动词都用:“should + 动词原形”或只用“动词原形”。
如 He suggested that we (should) take the teacher’s advice
He insisted that we (should) take the teacher’s advice
He demand that we (should) take the teacher’s advice
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