Today, I read Chekhov's short story titled " wanka". Speaking of Russia in the 19th century, a nine-year-old boy wanka was an orphan, and his grandfather couldn't support him, so he was sent to shoemaker Ali yaxin to learn craftsmanship. One day, when the owner and the teachers went to the morning prayer, he took out ink and wrote a letter to grandpa with a rusty dip pen. he asked him to take himself home. in the letter, he described his misfortune: he was constantly beaten, didn't eat well, didn't sleep well, nobody talked with him, and guys bullied him, not even dogs. How much he missed the happy time with grandpa before, remembered the male dog " loach" bitch " Kashtan card", and remembered the kind lady who taught him how to learn. How he wanted to go hunting in the wild in winter with grandpa. When wanka wrote, he looked out of the window from time to time to see if his owner came back. he was afraid that his owner would hit him again when he saw him write, and he wrote on the envelope the rural grandfather received it. At last, he put the letter in the mailbox, and he was intoxicated with sweet fantasies, but grandpa would never receive it, and he had to endure such pain.
In this novel, Chekhov depicts the tragic fate of a poor orphan with vivid statements. When I read that he looked back at several doors and windows with trepidation, squinting at the gloomy image, with rows of shelves extending on both sides of the image, with shoe lasts on the shelves, and then he sighed intermittently. I can't help but feel eerie and worried about wanka. When I read that grandpa always takes his grandson with him every time he goes to the forest to cut down the Christmas tree for his master's family. That was a happy time! Grandpa made a triumphant ha ha sound, even in cold weather, looking at grandpa and the scenery in severe winter, and wanka made a triumphant ha ha sound ... the little fir tree wrapped in severe frost stood quietly, waiting for: who among them died first? I don't know where a rabbit is coming from, and it flies by like a snow arrow … grandpa can't help shouting, " grab it, grab it … grab it! Ah, short tail ghost! I'm really happy for wanka at that time. Can feel how happy wanka was then. Look at wanka now, and I feel more sympathy for him.
After reading this novel, I felt: the same nine-year-old child, how different life is, the difference between them is like heaven and hell, I, at home, I have parents, they bring me warmth, at school, I have classmates and teachers, and they bring me joy. Eat well, wear well. Use a good pen. And wanka? His parents died, only grandpa, who couldn't go to school, didn't have enough to eat and wear warm, worked in other people's homes and was beaten, and only rusty pens could be used to write letters. What a pity! We should cherish the wonderful time now.今天，我读了契柯夫短篇小说，题目叫《万卡》。讲的是十九世纪的俄国，一个九岁的小男孩万卡，他是个孤儿，爷爷无法养活他，把他送到鞋匠阿里亚欣那儿学手艺。一天，等东家和师傅们去晨祷了，他就拿出墨水，笔尖生锈的蘸水笔给爷爷写信，求他把自己带回家去，在信中，他描绘了自己的不幸：不停的挨打，吃不好，睡不好，没人陪他说话，伙计们也欺侮他，连条狗都不如。他是多么怀念以前和爷爷在一起的欢乐时光，想起了公狗“泥鳅”母狗“卡什坦卡”，想起了教他学习的那位好心小姐；他是多么想再和爷爷一起去冬天的野外打猎。万卡写信的时候，时不时地往窗外看，看看东家回来没有，害怕东家看见他写信又要打他，他在信封上面写上了乡下爷爷收。最后，他把信放进了邮筒，他陶醉于甜蜜的幻想之中，但是，爷爷永远也无法收到，他还得忍受这样的痛苦。
在这篇小说中，契柯夫用生动的语句描绘了一个贫困孤儿的悲惨命运。当我读到：他战战兢兢地回头看了几下门和窗，斜过眼去望了望阴沉沉的圣像，圣像的两边延伸着一排排搁板架，架子上放着鞋楦头，接着断断续续地叹了叹气。我不禁感到了阴森恐怖，为万卡担心。当我读到：爷爷每次到森林里为老爷家砍圣诞树总带着小孙孙。那真是欢乐的时光！爷爷得意地发出哈哈声，连严寒也发出得意的哈哈声，望着爷爷和严冬的景色，万卡也发出了得意的哈哈声……包裹着严霜的小枞树静静地挺立着，等待着：它们中谁个先送命？不知从哪儿冒出一只兔子，沿着雪箭一般地飞跑而过……爷爷情不自禁地喊起来：“抓住它，抓住它……抓住它！哎，短尾巴的鬼东西！我真为那时的万卡高兴。能感觉到万卡当时有多幸福。看看现在的万卡，我更同情他了。
读了这篇小说，我感受到：同样是九岁的小孩，生活是多么的不同，两者的相差好比天堂和地狱，我，在家里，我有爸爸妈妈，他们带给我温暖，在学校，我有同学，老师，他们带给我欢乐。吃好的穿好的。用好的钢笔。而万卡呢？他死了父母，只有爷爷，不能上学，吃不饱穿不暖，到别人家里做工还被打，写信只能用生锈的笔。真可怜啊！我们应该好好珍惜现在的美好时光。
In this novel, Chekhov depicts the tragic fate of a poor orphan with vivid statements. When I read that he looked back at several doors and windows with trepidation, squinting at the gloomy image, with rows of shelves extending on both sides of the image, with shoe lasts on the shelves, and then he sighed intermittently. I can't help but feel eerie and worried about wanka. When I read that grandpa always takes his grandson with him every time he goes to the forest to cut down the Christmas tree for his master's family. That was a happy time! Grandpa made a triumphant ha ha sound, even in cold weather, looking at grandpa and the scenery in severe winter, and wanka made a triumphant ha ha sound ... the little fir tree wrapped in severe frost stood quietly, waiting for: who among them died first? I don't know where a rabbit is coming from, and it flies by like a snow arrow … grandpa can't help shouting, " grab it, grab it … grab it! Ah, short tail ghost! I'm really happy for wanka at that time. Can feel how happy wanka was then. Look at wanka now, and I feel more sympathy for him.
After reading this novel, I felt: the same nine-year-old child, how different life is, the difference between them is like heaven and hell, I, at home, I have parents, they bring me warmth, at school, I have classmates and teachers, and they bring me joy. Eat well, wear well. Use a good pen. And wanka? His parents died, only grandpa, who couldn't go to school, didn't have enough to eat and wear warm, worked in other people's homes and was beaten, and only rusty pens could be used to write letters. What a pity! We should cherish the wonderful time now.今天，我读了契柯夫短篇小说，题目叫《万卡》。讲的是十九世纪的俄国，一个九岁的小男孩万卡，他是个孤儿，爷爷无法养活他，把他送到鞋匠阿里亚欣那儿学手艺。一天，等东家和师傅们去晨祷了，他就拿出墨水，笔尖生锈的蘸水笔给爷爷写信，求他把自己带回家去，在信中，他描绘了自己的不幸：不停的挨打，吃不好，睡不好，没人陪他说话，伙计们也欺侮他，连条狗都不如。他是多么怀念以前和爷爷在一起的欢乐时光，想起了公狗“泥鳅”母狗“卡什坦卡”，想起了教他学习的那位好心小姐；他是多么想再和爷爷一起去冬天的野外打猎。万卡写信的时候，时不时地往窗外看，看看东家回来没有，害怕东家看见他写信又要打他，他在信封上面写上了乡下爷爷收。最后，他把信放进了邮筒，他陶醉于甜蜜的幻想之中，但是，爷爷永远也无法收到，他还得忍受这样的痛苦。
在这篇小说中，契柯夫用生动的语句描绘了一个贫困孤儿的悲惨命运。当我读到：他战战兢兢地回头看了几下门和窗，斜过眼去望了望阴沉沉的圣像，圣像的两边延伸着一排排搁板架，架子上放着鞋楦头，接着断断续续地叹了叹气。我不禁感到了阴森恐怖，为万卡担心。当我读到：爷爷每次到森林里为老爷家砍圣诞树总带着小孙孙。那真是欢乐的时光！爷爷得意地发出哈哈声，连严寒也发出得意的哈哈声，望着爷爷和严冬的景色，万卡也发出了得意的哈哈声……包裹着严霜的小枞树静静地挺立着，等待着：它们中谁个先送命？不知从哪儿冒出一只兔子，沿着雪箭一般地飞跑而过……爷爷情不自禁地喊起来：“抓住它，抓住它……抓住它！哎，短尾巴的鬼东西！我真为那时的万卡高兴。能感觉到万卡当时有多幸福。看看现在的万卡，我更同情他了。
读了这篇小说，我感受到：同样是九岁的小孩，生活是多么的不同，两者的相差好比天堂和地狱，我，在家里，我有爸爸妈妈，他们带给我温暖，在学校，我有同学，老师，他们带给我欢乐。吃好的穿好的。用好的钢笔。而万卡呢？他死了父母，只有爷爷，不能上学，吃不饱穿不暖，到别人家里做工还被打，写信只能用生锈的笔。真可怜啊！我们应该好好珍惜现在的美好时光。
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第1个回答 2018-05-10
《凡卡》是俄国作家契诃夫创作的短篇小说，写于1886年。文章按写信的过程记叙。开始叙述圣诞节前夜凡卡趁老板、老板娘和伙计们到教堂做礼拜的机会，偷偷地给爷爷写信；接着，通过写信向慈祥的爷爷倾诉自己在鞋铺当学徒遭受的令人难以忍受的悲惨生活，再三哀求爷爷带他离开这儿，回到乡下去生活，并回忆了与爷爷在一起生活情景。
这篇小说通过凡卡给爷爷写信这件事，反映了沙皇统治下俄国社会中穷苦儿童的悲惨命运，揭露了当时社会制度的黑暗。《凡卡》已选入人教版六年级下册教材、北师大版五年级下册教材。
故事发生在19世纪的俄国，圣诞节的前夜，小凡卡趁着老板夫妇和师傅们外出祷告的时候偷偷给爷爷写信。故事中的凡卡没有父母，唯一的亲人便是年迈的爷爷。由于生活的贫困小凡卡被爷爷送到城里的一个鞋匠家里当学徒。小凡卡在鞋匠家扮演着很多角色，他要干很多的话，各种类型的活；晚上帮着老板看孩子，白天帮老板家打杂，时不时地还要被伙计们呼来喊去。总之凡卡在这里受尽了折磨，折磨到凡卡写信请求爷爷将他带走，脱离苦海。
凡卡在信中讲述了自己所遭受的种种虐待，不时提起乡下幸福美好的生活。提心吊胆地将信写完，凡卡带着美好的心情进入梦乡。但遗憾的是，凡卡在最后没有写清楚收件人的地址，爷爷根本不可能收到信。而他自己还不知道这一点，心中只有美好的憧憬，在睡梦中还看到了爷爷和厨娘。
凡卡出现在读者眼前，是在写信，他在“自己面前铺平一张揉皱的白纸。”（原文：разложив перед собой измятый лист бумаги）这张纸，给读者心里造成许多悬念。因为这张纸，或许是老板，或许是其他什么人丢弃不用而被凡卡偷偷捡起来的。凡卡“把那张纸铺在一张凳子上，他自己就跪在凳子前头（он достал из хозяйского шкапа пузырѐк с чернилами, ручку с заржавленным пером）”写起信来。“铺平一张揉皱的纸”、“跪在凳子前头”的细节动作，充分说明了地位卑微的凡卡连写一封信都要提心吊胆，战战兢兢，不敢越雷池一步的艰难处境。那么，雇主是如何对待凡卡的呢，“老板随手捞起什么就用什么打我（хозяин бьѐт чем попадя）”，“老板娘叫我把一条绊鱼收拾干净，我就从尾巴上弄起。她捞起那条鲜鱼，拿鱼头直戳到我的脸上来。（я начал с хвоста, а она взяла селѐдку и ейной мордой начала меня в харю тыкать）”“随手捞起（взяла ）”、“直戳（тыкать）”等动词，形象地说明了老板的暴虐成性以及老板娘的凶残狠毒，令读者替凡卡的处境担心。
在描写爷爷时，作家换了一种活泼的笔调，“那是个瘦小的，然而非常矫健灵活的小老头，老是带着笑脸，眯着醉眼（Это маленький, тощенький, но необыкновенно юркий и подвижной старикашка лет 65）。”两个形容词和两个动词，一个快活的小老头的形象就跃然纸上。
小说1990年初成为中学的教科书课文。该作品以独特的视角，精湛的写作手法集中反映了帝俄时期社会下层民众的悲惨生活。作者通过对小凡卡生活的一些细节的描写，揭示了沙皇等级制度的残暴与冷酷，同时也引发了读者对小主人公凡卡的同情。
希望我能帮助你解疑释惑。
这篇小说通过凡卡给爷爷写信这件事，反映了沙皇统治下俄国社会中穷苦儿童的悲惨命运，揭露了当时社会制度的黑暗。《凡卡》已选入人教版六年级下册教材、北师大版五年级下册教材。
故事发生在19世纪的俄国，圣诞节的前夜，小凡卡趁着老板夫妇和师傅们外出祷告的时候偷偷给爷爷写信。故事中的凡卡没有父母，唯一的亲人便是年迈的爷爷。由于生活的贫困小凡卡被爷爷送到城里的一个鞋匠家里当学徒。小凡卡在鞋匠家扮演着很多角色，他要干很多的话，各种类型的活；晚上帮着老板看孩子，白天帮老板家打杂，时不时地还要被伙计们呼来喊去。总之凡卡在这里受尽了折磨，折磨到凡卡写信请求爷爷将他带走，脱离苦海。
凡卡在信中讲述了自己所遭受的种种虐待，不时提起乡下幸福美好的生活。提心吊胆地将信写完，凡卡带着美好的心情进入梦乡。但遗憾的是，凡卡在最后没有写清楚收件人的地址，爷爷根本不可能收到信。而他自己还不知道这一点，心中只有美好的憧憬，在睡梦中还看到了爷爷和厨娘。
凡卡出现在读者眼前，是在写信，他在“自己面前铺平一张揉皱的白纸。”（原文：разложив перед собой измятый лист бумаги）这张纸，给读者心里造成许多悬念。因为这张纸，或许是老板，或许是其他什么人丢弃不用而被凡卡偷偷捡起来的。凡卡“把那张纸铺在一张凳子上，他自己就跪在凳子前头（он достал из хозяйского шкапа пузырѐк с чернилами, ручку с заржавленным пером）”写起信来。“铺平一张揉皱的纸”、“跪在凳子前头”的细节动作，充分说明了地位卑微的凡卡连写一封信都要提心吊胆，战战兢兢，不敢越雷池一步的艰难处境。那么，雇主是如何对待凡卡的呢，“老板随手捞起什么就用什么打我（хозяин бьѐт чем попадя）”，“老板娘叫我把一条绊鱼收拾干净，我就从尾巴上弄起。她捞起那条鲜鱼，拿鱼头直戳到我的脸上来。（я начал с хвоста, а она взяла селѐдку и ейной мордой начала меня в харю тыкать）”“随手捞起（взяла ）”、“直戳（тыкать）”等动词，形象地说明了老板的暴虐成性以及老板娘的凶残狠毒，令读者替凡卡的处境担心。
在描写爷爷时，作家换了一种活泼的笔调，“那是个瘦小的，然而非常矫健灵活的小老头，老是带着笑脸，眯着醉眼（Это маленький, тощенький, но необыкновенно юркий и подвижной старикашка лет 65）。”两个形容词和两个动词，一个快活的小老头的形象就跃然纸上。
小说1990年初成为中学的教科书课文。该作品以独特的视角，精湛的写作手法集中反映了帝俄时期社会下层民众的悲惨生活。作者通过对小凡卡生活的一些细节的描写，揭示了沙皇等级制度的残暴与冷酷，同时也引发了读者对小主人公凡卡的同情。
希望我能帮助你解疑释惑。
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