一、动词+介词1.look at … 看……, look like … 看上去像……, look after … 照料……2.listen to … 听…… 3.welcome to … 欢迎到…… 4.say hello to … 向……问好5.speak to … 对……说话此类短语相当于及物动词,其后必须带宾语,但宾语无论是名词还是代词,都要放在介词之后。 二、动词+副词“动词+副词”所构成的短语义分为两类:A.动词(vt.)+ 副词1.put on 穿上 2.take off 脱下 3.write down 记下此类短语可以带宾语,宾语若是名词,放在副词前后皆可;宾语若是人称代词,只能放在副词的前面。B.动词(vi.)+ 副词。1.come on 赶快 2.get up 起床 3.go home 回家4.come in 进来 5.sit down 坐下 6.stand up 起立此类短语属于不及物动词,不可以带宾语。 三、其它类动词词组1. close the door 2. 1ook the same 3. go to work / class4. be ill 5. have a look / seat 6. have supper7. 1ook young 8. go shopping 9.watch TV / games10. play games [介词短语聚焦] “介词+名词/代词”所构成的短语称为介词短语。现将 Units l ~ 16 常用的介词短语按用法进行归类。1.in + 语言/颜色/衣帽等,表示使用某种语言或穿着……。2.in + Row / Team/ Class / Grade 等,表示“在……排/队/班级/年级”等。3.in the morning / afternoon/ evening / 表示“在上午/下午/傍晚”等一段时间。4.in the desk / pencil-box/bedroom 等表示“在书桌/铅笔盒/卧室里”。5.in the tree 表示“在树上 (非树本身所有)”;on the tree表示“在树上(为树本身所有)”。6.in the wall 表示“在墙上(凹陷进去)”;on the wall 表示“在墙上(指墙的表面)”。7.at work(在工作)/ at school(上学)/ at home(在家)应注意此类短语中无 the。8.at + 时刻表示钟点。9.like this / that 表示方式,意为“像……这/那样”。10.of 短语表示所属关系。11.behind / beside / near / under + 名词等,表示方位、处所。12.from 与 to 多表示方向,前者意为“从……”,后者意为“到……”。另外,以下这些短语也必须掌握。如:on duty, after breakfast, at night, at the door, in the middle, in the sky, on one's bike 等。 [重点句型大回放] 1.I think …意为“我认为……”,是对某人或某事的看法或态度的一种句型。其否定式常用 I don't think …。2.give sth. to sb. / give sb. sth. 意为“把……给……”,动词 give 之后可接双宾语,可用这两种句型;若指物的宾语是人称代词时,则只能用 give it / them to sb.3.take sb. / sth. to … 意为“把……(送)带到……”,后常接地点,也可接人。4.One …, the other … / One is … and one is … 意为“一个是……;另一个是……”,必须是两者中。5.Let sb. do sth. 意为“让某人做某事”,人后应用不带to的动词不定式,其否定式为 Don't let sb.,do sth.,或 Let sb. not do sth. 另外,Let's 与 Let us 的含义不完全相同,前者包括听者在内,后者不包括听者在内,6.help sb. (to) do sth. / help sb. with sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”,前者用不定式作宾补,后者用介词短语作宾补,二者可以互换. 7.What about …?/ How about …?意为“……怎么样?”是用来询问或征求对方的观点、意见、看法等。about 为介词,其后须接名词、代词或 V-ing 等形式。8.It's time to do … / It's time for sth. 意为“该做……的时间了”,其中 to 后须接原形动词,for 后可接名词或 V-ing 形式。9.like to do sth. / like doing sth. 意为“喜欢做某事”,前一种句型侧重具体的一次性的动作;后一种句型侧重习惯性的动作,10.ask sb. (not) to do sth. 意为“让某人(不要)做某事”,其中 ask sb. 后应接动词不定式,11.show sb. sth. / show sth. to do. 意为“把某物给某人看”,该句型的用法同前面第2点。12.introduce sb. to sb. 意为“把某人介绍给另一人”;introduce to sb. 则是“向某人作介绍”。初一至初二英语知识点 语法点(二) [重点短语快速复习] 1. kinds of 各种各样的2. either … or … 或者……或者……,不是……就是…… 3. neither … nor … 既不……也不…… 4. Chinese tea without, anything in it 中国清茶5. take a seat 就坐6. home cooking 家常做法7. be famous for 因……而著名8. on ones way to 在……途中9. be sick / ill in hospital 生病住院10. at the end of 在……的尽头,在……的末尾11. wait for 等待12. in time 及时13. make one's way to … 往……(艰难地)走去14. just then 正在那时15. first of all 首先,第一16. go wrong 走错路17. be/get lost 迷路18. make a noise 吵闹,喧哗19. get on 上车20. get off 下车21. stand in line 站队22. waiting room 候诊室,候车室23. at the head of … 在……的前头24. laugh at 嘲笑25. throw about 乱丢,抛散26. in fact 实际上27. at midnight 在半夜28. have a good time = enjoy oneself 玩得愉快29. quarrel with sb. 和某人吵架30. take one's temperature 给某人体温31. have / get a pain in…某处疼痛32. have a headache 头痛33. as soon as … 一……就…… 34. feel like doing sth. 想要干某事35. stop … from doing sth. 阻止……干某事36. fall asleep 入睡37. again and again 再三地,反复地38. wake up 醒来,叫醒39. instead of 代替40. look over 检查41. take exercise 运动42. had better(not) do sth. 最好(不要)干某事43. at the weekend 在周末44. on time 按时45. out of从……向外46. all by oneself 独立,单独47. lots of = a lot of 许多48. no longer / more = not … any longer / more 不再49. get back 回来,取回50. sooner or later迟早51. run away 逃跑52. eat up 吃光,吃完53. run after 追赶54. take sth. with sb. 某人随身带着某物55. take(good) care of … = look after … (well) (好好)照顾,照料56. think of 考虑到,想起57. keep a diary 坚持写日记58. leave one by oneself 把某人单独留下59. harder and harder 越来越厉害60. turn on 打开(电灯、收音机、煤气等)61. turn off 关 1.finish, enjoy, feel like, consider,imagine, keep,postpone, dely,mind,practise, suggest,risk,quit+doing
2.1)forget to do 忘记要去做某事(此事未做)
forget doing忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生)
2)stop to do 停止、中断(某件事),目的是去做另一件事
stop doing 停止正在或经常做的事
3)remember to do 记住去做某事(未做)
remember doing记得做过某事(已做)
4) regret to do对要做的事遗憾
regret doing对做过的事遗憾、后悔
5)try to do努力、企图做某事
try doing试验、试一试某种办法
6) mean to do打算,有意要…
mean doing意味着
7)go on to do 继而(去做另外一件事情)
go on doing 继续(原先没有做完的事情)
8)propose to do 打算(要做某事)
proposing doing建议(做某事)
9) like /love/hate/ prefer +to do 表示具体行为;+doing sth 表示抽象、倾向概念
(注)如果这些动词前有should一词,其后宾语只跟不定式,不能跟动名词。例如:
I should like to see him tomorrow.
10) need, want, deserve +动名词表被动意义;+不定式被动态表示“要(修、清理等)”意思。
Don’t you remember seeing the man before?你不记得以前见过那个人吗?
You must remember to leave tomorrow.你可要记着是明天动身。
I don’t regret telling her what I thought.我不后悔给她讲过我的想法。(已讲过)
I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice.我很遗憾必须这样去做,我实在没办法。(未做但要做)
You must try to be more careful.你可要多加小心。
Let’s try doing the work some other way.让我们试一试用另外一种办法来做这工作。
I didn’t mean to hurt your feeling.我没想要伤害你的感情。
This illness will mean (your) going to hospital.得了这种病(你)就要进医院。
3.省to 的动词不定式
1) 情态动词 ( 除ought 外,ought to):
2) 使役动词 let, have, make:
3) 感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补,省略to。
注意:在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。
I saw him dance.
=He was seen to dance.
The boss made them work the whole night.
=They were made to work the whole night.
4) would rather,had better:
5) Why… / why not…:
6) help 可带to,也可不带to, help sb (to) do sth:
7) but和except:but前是动词do时,后面出现的动词用不带to的动词不定式。
8) 由and, or和than连接的两个不定式,第二个to 可以省去:
9) 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand等词后,可以省去to be:
He is supposed (to be) nice. 他应该是个好人。
4. (1)) 有些及物动词用不定式作宾语,结构为动词+不定式。例如:
afford
aim
agree
arrange
ask
decide
bother
care
choose
demand
desire
determine
elect
endeavor
hope
fail
help
learn
long 渴望
mean
manage
offer
plan
pretend
refuse
tend
undertake
expect
hate
intend
例如:
The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。
He offered to help me. 他表示愿意帮助我。
(2)有些有动词+宾语+不定式的结构。例如:
advise
allow
cause
challenge
command
compel
drive 驱使
enable
encourage
forbid
force
impel
induce
instruct
invite
like/love
order
permit
make
let
have
want
get
warn
persuade
request
send
tell
train
urge
例如;
Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。
The officer ordered his men to fire. 长官命令士兵开火。
注意:有些动词如make,have,get,want等可用不定式作做宾补,也可用分词作宾补。现在分词表达主动,也表达正在进行,过去分词表达被动。
3) 有些有动词+宾语+不定式的结构,不定式的动词往往是be,不定式一般可以省去。例如:
consider
find
believe
think
declare(声称)
appoint
guess
fancy(设想)
guess
judge
imagine
know
例如:
We believe him to be guilty. 我们相信他是有罪的。
We know him to be a fool. 我们知道他是个笨蛋。(to be 不能省去)
典型例题
Charles Babbage is generally considered ___ the first computer.
A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented
答案:C. 一般没有consider+宾语+be以外不定式的结构,也没有consider+宾语+doing的结构,排除A、B、D。consider用动词be以外的不定式作宾补时,一般要求用不定式的完成式,故选C。
4) 有些动词可以跟there +to be的结构。例如:
believe
expect
intend
like
love
mean
prefer
want
wish
understand
例如:
We didn't expect there to be so many people there. 我们没料到会有那么多人在那里。
You wouldn’t want there to be another war. 你不至于想让另外一场战争发生吧。
英语有很多很细小的知识点,而这些细小的知识点往往就是考点。同学们很容易由于注意不到而犯错误,下面就初一年级同学们比较容易犯错误的知识点做一个汇总。 [第一类] 名词类 1. 这些女老师们在干什么? [误] What are the woman teachers doing? [正] What are the women teachers doing? [析] 在英语中,当一名词作定语修饰另一名词(单或复数形式)时,作定语的名词一般要用其单数形式;但当man, woman作定语修饰可数名词复数形式时,要用其复数形式men, women. 2. 房间里有多少人? [误] How many peoples are there in the room? [正] How many people are there in the room? [析] people作“人、人们”解时,是个集合名词,其单复数同形。 3. 我想为我儿子买两瓶牛奶。 [误] I want to buy two bottle of milk for my son. [正] I want to buy two bottles of milk for my son. [析] 表示不可数名词的数量时,常用“a / an或数词+表量的可数名词+ of + 不可数名词”这一结构,其中当数词大于1时,表量的可数名词要用其复数形式。 [第二类] 动词类 4. 你妹妹通常什么时候去上学? [误] What time does your sister usually goes to school? [正] What time does your sister usually go to school? [析] 借助助动词do(或does)构成疑问句或否定句时,句中的谓语动词用其原形。 5. 琳达晚上经常做作业,但今晚她在看电视。 [误] Linda often do her homework in the evening, but this evening she watching TV. [正] Linda often does her homework in the evening, but this evening she is watching TV. [析] 在初一英语学习阶段,我们接触到了两种主要时态:一般现在时和现在进行时。一般现在时表示经常的或习惯性的动作,常和often, usually, sometimes 等时间状语连用。在一般现在时的句子中,若主语是第三人称单数,谓语动词要用其第三人称单数形式。现在进行时表示现阶段正在进行或发生的动作,现在进行时由be(am / is / are)+ving形式构成。 6. 这双鞋是红色的。 [误] This pair of shoes are red. [正] This pair of shoes is red. [析] 在shoes, trousers, gloves, glasses等表示成双成对的衣物或工具名词前用pair(表计量)修饰时,谓语动词的形式由pair的单复数形式来决定。 [第三类] 代词类 7. 这张票是她的,不是我的。 [误] This is hers ticket. It’s not my. [正] This is her ticket. It’s not mine. [析] 物主代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词之分。形容词性物主代词之后一定要接名词,而名词性物主代词之后不需接任何词。 8. 吴老师教我们英语。 [误] Miss Wu teaches our English. [正] Miss Wu teaches us English. [析] teach sb. sth..中的sb.作teach的宾语,因此当sb.为人称代词时要用其宾格形式。来源:考试大-中考考试 [第四类] 介词类 9. 你能找到这个问题的答案吗? [误] Can you find the answer of this question? [正] Can you find the answer to this question? [析] 英语中用“the answer to …”表示“……的答案”。类似结构还有the key to the door, the way to the zoo等。
温馨提示:内容为网友见解,仅供参考