英语语法总结4：代词

Answer 1

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一、人称代词、物主代词和反身代词

1. 人称代词的使用：主语使用主格，宾语和表语使用宾格，定语使用所有格。形容词性所有格与名词性所有格如my与mine、your与yours等。

例如：Your school is so different from ours.

2. 英语中人称代词在句子中的排列次序：单数时为you, he and I；复数时为we, you and they。

3. 特殊使用情况：it用于指人时的句式，如：Who is it/that speaking? It’s Mary speaking. 或 What’s wrong with the baby? It’s crying loudly.

4. 双重所有格用法：如a friend of mine，the invention of his等，与my friend、his invention表达相似，但略有区别。名词也有双重所有格表达，如a friend of my father’s, the invention of Professor Brown’s等。

5. 在表示宾语的身体部位名词前，通常使用定冠词the代替所有格。例如：The policeman caught the thief bythe arm. The young lady carried a small baby inher arm.

6. “We students”与“our students”区别：前者指“我们学生”，后者指“我们的学生”。用“we students”时，应作为主语使用；作为宾语时使用“us students”。例如：We students should learn more than book knowledge at school. Good teachers always bear us students in mind.

7. 反身代词的使用：作为宾语时，如：We must learn to adjust ourselves to the new situation. 注意反身代词与代词宾格的区别。例如：Jane’s mother stared at her in the mirror. （Jane的母亲望着镜子中的Jane。）与Jane’s mother stared at herself in the mirror. （Jane的母亲望着镜子中的自己。）

例如：Please take good care of yourself. 在幼儿园，老师会很好地照顾你的。

二、指示代词

1. this, these指下面要讲的东西，而that, those指前面讲过的东西。例如：He always begins his story like this: “Once upon a time, there was a ...” He was ill. That’s why he didn’t come.

2. that与those用于比较级句子中，指代前面提到的名词。例如：The boy told me his story and also that of his sister’s. The weather in Shanghai is warmer than that in Beijing. The products produced this year are different from those produced last year.

3. this与that可用作副词，如：I didn’t expect the exam would be this easy. I can only go that far, to the riverside.

三、不定代词

1. one：只能指代可数名词单数，与it不同在于，it特指前面所提到的名词，而one泛指这一类东西中的任何一个。例如：I have lost my cell phone and I have to buyone. I have bought a new cell phone. I boughtit in Hong Kong.

2. any, some, anyone, someone, anybody, somebody, anything, something：any与some使用规则，any用于否定句、疑问句与条件状语从句，some用于肯定句，也可在邀请的疑问句中使用。例如：—Have you any questions? —No, I haven’t any. —Would you like to havesome drinks?

3. anyone, someone, anybody, somebody（指人）与anything, something（指物），皆为单数性质。

四、其他代词用法

例如：another、the other等的用法。例如：I don’t like the color of the shirt. Will you please show meanother (one/ shirt)? There were only two shirts left in the shop. I didn’t like the blue one. So I tookthe other.

五、集合代词all、both、any、either、none、no one、nobody、nothing用法。例如：All the students like my idea. Both his parents are ordinary workers. There are many books in our library. You can borrow any of them.

六、否定代词not、all、both、every的使用。例如：All that glitters is not gold. Not every student can solve the problem. Both of his parents are not at home, today.