定语从句的难点有什么？

Answer 1

定语从句是高考语法中必考的重点之一，下面就定语从句常见的几种难点进行归纳总结，以期让学生深刻地领悟理解定语从句，进而掌握解题技巧。

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一、 判断定语从句的先行词的具体指代和作用

1. 有些特殊的先行词如situation， point， case， activity， scene， period， festival及occasion等要注意具体情况具体分析。这些词基本上都是表示时间、地点的词，做具体题目时，要判断他们在定语从句中充当的成分来决定关联词。主语、宾语和表语用that/which， 状语用where/when或介词 + which。 例如：

① —Do you have anything to say for yourselves？

—Yes， there??s one point we must insist on.

A. why B. where C. how D. that

② We must reach a point both sides will sit down together and talk.

A. why B. where C. how D. that

句①中的定语从句可还原为we must insist on the points， 所以先行词point在定语从句中作宾语，故用that或省略。句②中的定语从句可还原为at the point both sides will sit down together and talk， 故先行词point在定语从句中作状语，所以关系词用where或介词 + which。 尤其要注意where在从句中既可以表示具体的地点、场所，又可以表示抽象的程度、地步、方面等。

2. 表示时间、地点的先行词以及先行词为reason或way在定语从句中作状语时，要特别注意相应引导词的选择：先行词表示时间时引导词用when或介词 + which； 先行词表示地点时引导词用where或介词 + which； reason为先行词时引导词用why或for which或that； way为先行词时引导词用in which或that， 但解题的关键是要判断先行词在定语从句中作状语还是作主语、宾语和表语。作状语，则适用上面的规则，如作主语、宾语和表语，则仍需用that或which（作宾语的that/which可以省略）。例如：

This is the reason he gave me.

This is the reason he didn??t come to school today.

第一句中定语从句可还原为he gave me the reason， 先行词reason在定语从句中作宾语，故关系词用that或which或省略；第二句中定语从句可还原为for the reason he didn??t come to school today， 故关系词用why或for which或that或省略。

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二、 介词 + 关系代词引导的定语从句

介词 + 关系代词引导的定语从句的常见结构有：

（1） 介词 + which（指物）；介词 + whom（指人）

Is that the pen with which you wrote the letter？

This is the hero of whom we are proud.

（2） 名词 + of + which/whom = whose + 名词 + ...

Please pass me the book， the covers of which are blue.

= Please pass me the book， whose covers are blue.

（3） 数词 + of + which/whom

She??s got three lucky pens， two of which she never uses.

（4） 代词 + of + which/whom

In the basket I find many apples， some of which have gone bad.

（5） 最高级 + of + which/whom

China has thousands of islands， the largest of which is Taiwan.

其中，名词/数词/代词 + 介词 + which/whom常表示部分与整体关系或所属关系。介词的选择要根据介词与定语从句中动词的搭配关系，根据介词与前面的名词先行词的搭配关系，同时考虑与动词和名词的搭配关系。

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三、 还原定语从句，检验先行词在定语从句中充当的成分

有时即使是同一个词作先行词，在不同的语境下也可以选择不同的关系词。

1. where引导的定语从句和where引导的状语从句的区别

①　He found the books where he had put.

②　He found the books in the place where he had put them.

句①中where引导的是状语从句， where意为“在……地方”，从句前无表示地点的先行词；句②中where引导的是定语从句，修饰the place， 主句为he found the books in the place， 定语从句可还原为he had put them in the place， 先行词place在定语从句中作状语，故关联词用where或介词 + which。

2. as引导的定语从句

as用作关系代词和关系副词引导定语从句，构成the same ... as ...， such ... as ...， so ... as ... 等结构。例如：

I like the same book as you have.

I want to have such a dictionary as he has.

注意：此处要注意定语从句（下面句①）和状语从句（下面句②）的区别。

① Mr Chen gave us such a difficult question as nobody worked out.

② Mr Chen gave us such a difficult question that nobody worked it out.

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以上是笔者在定语从句的教学及高考阅卷中发现的疑难问题，也提出了相应的解决办法和应当注意的地方。当然它们必须和练习相结合，才能达到事半功倍的效果。

Answer 2

难点分析

（一）限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况

1．当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时

(1) Have you taken
down everything that Mr. Li has said?

(2) There seems to
be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.

(3) All that can
be done has been done.

(4) There is
little that I can do for you.

注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who

(4) Any man
that/.who has a sense of duty won”t do such a thing.

2.当先行词被序数词修饰

(1) The first
place that they visited inLondonwas the Big Ben.

 

 

 

3.当先行词被形容词最高级或比较级修饰时

(1) This is the
best film that I have seen.

4.当先行词被the very, the only修饰时

(1) This is the
very dictionary that I want to buy,

(2) After the fire
in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.

当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who

(3) Wang Hua is
the only person in our school who will attend the meeting/

5.当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时

(1) Who is the man
that is standing there?

(2) Which is the
T-shirt that fits me most?

6.当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时

(1) Can you
remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?

只用which, whom

1. .当先行词有限定性修饰词时

what was the name
of the war in theUSAwhich lasted 5 years?

2. 当先行词是one, ones, anyone,等时用who;
those做先行词时，指人用who, 指物用which

Those who want to
go to the Great Wall sign up here.

He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man.