急救，几个英语问题

Question

1.be to ,be going to 之间的区别是什么
2.join, join in , take part in ,之间的区别
3：
（1）：Do you have any clothes to wash today?
(2): Do you have any clothes to be washed today?
这2个句子之间的区别是什么？
Mr Wang stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one ----
这个空应该填to blame 还是 to be blamed?
为什么？
谢谢：）

Answer 1

be +动词不定式（即be + to do sth.）的用法如下：
1.表示按计划或安排要做的事。例如：
When are you to leave for home?你什么时候回家？
She is to be married next month.她将于下个月结婚。
The Queen is to visit Japan in a week’s time.女王将于一周后访问日本。
这种结构也可用于过去。was / were to do sth. 表示曾经计划要做的事，但不表明计划是否被执行，或表示“命运（即命中注定要发生的事）”，而非计划；was / were to have done sth.表示未曾实现的计划。例如：
I felt nervous because I was soon to leave home for the first time.我感到很紧张，因为我很快就要首次离开家了。
They said goodbye, little knowing that they were never to meet again.他们告了别，不知道以后再也不会见面了。
We were to have told you, but you were not in.我们本来想告诉你的，但是你不在家。
2.表示“应该”，相当于should, ought to。例如：
You are to report to the police.你应该报警。
What is to be done?应该怎么办呢？
3.表示“必须”，相当于must, have to。例如：
The letter is to be handed to him in person.这封信必须亲手交给他。
You are to do your homework before you watch TV.看电视之前你得先做完作业。
4.表示“想，打算”，相当于intend, want。例如：
If we are to be there before ten, we’ll have to go now.如果我们要在十点前到，我们现在就得走。
5.用于第一人称疑问句，表示征求对方意见。例如：
Am I to go on with the work?要我继续完成这项工作吗？
What are we to do next?我们下一步该怎么办？
6.用于否定句，表示“禁止”，相当于mustn’t。例如：
The books in this room are not to be taken outside.这个室内的书籍不得带出室外。
You are not to smoke in the reading-room.你不可以在阅览室里吸烟。
7.表示“可以，可能”，相当于may, can。例如：
The news is to be found in the evening paper.这条消息可以在晚报上见到。
Such people are to be found everywhere.这种人到处都有。
She is nowhere to be found.在哪里也找不着她。
8.were to do sth.用于if或even if / even though从句中，表示对未来的假设。例如：
If I were to tell you that I killed him, would you believe me?要是我告诉你是我杀了他，你会相信吗？
Even if the sun were to rise in the west, I would never do such a thing.即使太阳从西边出来，我也决不做这种事。
9.be to blame(该受责备，对某坏事应负责任)与be to let(待出租)两种结构中，用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。例如：
Which driver is to blame for the accident?这事故是哪个司机的责任？
This house is to let.这房子要出租

be going to do
将会...
一般用于将来时态

例句与用法:
1. I am assuming that the present situation is going to continue.
我认为目前的情况将会继续下去.

2. It's going to cost 200 or as near as dammit.
这要花200英镑上下.

3. How did you find out that Burns was going to be promoted?
你是怎么知道伯恩斯将会得到提升的？

4. You must be out of your mind if you think I'm going to lend you 50!
你以为我会借给你50英镑, 你准是疯了!

5. I'm just going to check in these books at the library.
我要去图书馆还这些书。

6. They are going to move to a new house next week.
下星期他们将迁入新居。

7. It looks as if it is going to rain.
看来要下雨了。

8. Are you going to America by boat or by plane?
你到美国是坐船还是坐飞机？

1. join 的宾语一般是sb或组织团体等，表示成为其中的一员。
如：Please join us in the game!
I joined the club last year.

2. join in约等于take part in，他们的宾语都是如比赛/竞赛/考试等各种各样的活动，其中take part in进一步强调在活动中充当一定的角色并发挥一定的作用。
如：I joined in/took part in the English competition yesterday.

3. 另提供给楼主两个常用短语：
join sb in sth；
take an active part in sth=take part in sth actively

3：
（1）：Do you have any clothes to wash today? (WASH的动作由主语YOU做）
(2): Do you have any clothes to be washed today? （WASH的动作由听话人做）

填TO BLAME,像RENT和BLAME等词，用TO的不定式主动形态表被动意思。

blame 是及物动词，一般用blame sb (for...).
但，在习惯用法be to blame中表示被动意义：应该受责备。
He is to blame .
blame 不用被动.
He is to blame for the accident.他应在事故中负责.
请看下面两道高考题:

1. The mother didn't know______to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out. (NMET2002)

A. whoB. when C. howD. what(答案为A)

2. I feel it is your husband who______for the spoiled child.(2002年上海高考)

A. is to blameB. is going to blameC. is to be blamedD. should blame

(答案为A)

以上两道高考题均考查了blame的用法。下面详细介绍一下该词的用法。

一、blame用作及物动词时,通常用于下面三个句型:

1. blame sb. for sth. /doing sth.为某事责备某人/责备某人做了某事。如:

Many children are afraid of being blamed for making mistakes in speaking English.许多孩子害怕讲英语时犯错误而受责备。

He blamed his teachers for his failure.他把自己的失败归咎于他的老师。

His companion, blamed for the accident, had not been driving carefully.他的同伴没有谨慎驾驶,应对事故负责。

2. blame sth. on sb.把某事归咎于某人。如:

The police blamed the traffic accident on Jack's careless driving.警察把那起交通事故归咎于杰克的粗心驾驶。

It's no use blaming our defeat on him.把我们的失败归罪在他头上是没用的。

She blamed the failure of their marriage on him.她把婚姻的失败归咎于他。

3. be to blame (for)应(为……)承担责任;该(为……)受责备。[注意]此处不能用被动语态。如:

The children were not to blame for the accident.那次事故怪不着孩子们。

He is more to blame than you.是他更应受责备,而不是你。

Who is to blame for starting the fire?这场火灾该由谁负责?

I am in no way to blame.决不该责备我。

二、blame用作名词时,常用于下列搭配:

1. accept/ bear/take the blame for sth.对某事负责任。如:

You must bear the blame for the accident.你必须承担造成这次事故的责任。

We were ready to take the blame for what had happened.我们愿对所发生的事负责。

2. put/lay the blame for sth. on sb.将某事归咎于某人。如:

She'll put the blame on us if it turns out badly.如果结果糟糕,她将会怪罪于我们。

He is trying to lay the blame on me.他企图把责任推给我。

Answer 2

be going to结构表示主观上打算做某事,或即将发生某事
be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事
take part in指参加会议或者群众性的活动等,重在说明句子的主语参加该项活动并在活动中发挥作用
join in多指参加正在进行的活动
join意为“加入某一组织、党派或社会团体,从而成为其成员(become a member of)

Do you have any clothes to wash today? 你有衣服要洗吗？（要自己洗，主语是you）
Do you have any clothes to be washed today你有衣服要洗吗？（不一定是自己洗，主语是衣服）
两者翻译上没太大的区别。

当然是be to blame，好像没见过被动的，但blame是个vt，奇怪的。老师曾说，固定用法。记住就可以

Answer 3

be going to 是正在进行时 be to 是一般时
举个例子I am going to die一般就是你觉得你要死了可以这么说

join一般加的是一个名词，比如军队，党派什么的
join in 后面加的是一项活动，是一个持续的，比如说游戏，跳舞等等
还有一种用法是join sb in sth表示和某人一起做一件事情
join in和take part in的意思一样，不过一般来说join in比较口语化

两句的区别就在于一个是被动的语态一个是主动的
第一句意思是衣服要自己洗，第二句就隐含着一个意思是要洗衣服，但是别人洗

空格里填to be blamed

Answer 4

(1)be to do 表"必然趋势"
be going to do 表"主观打算"或"一般将来"
(2)join 表示从参加某一团体并作为其中一员,如果后接人,则表示参加某人的活动
join in 指参加到某些人当中去做某事,这项活动往往正在进行着
take part in指参加会议或者群众性的活动等,重在说明句子的主语参加该项活动并在活动中发挥作用
(3)区别 to wash是目的，其逻辑主语是人，
to be washed逻辑主语是物 (这个句子用这个不合适)

最后选to be blamed,应为这个算是目的状语，不定式的被动表状态，指the one没有被责备