如何解GMAT阅读理解中的逻辑题

Answer 1

GMAT 阅读理解中，有一种出现频率不高，但是难度又比较大的题，那就是逻辑题。如果将逻辑题进行细分，我们又可以把它分成逻辑支持题和逻辑反对题。在 Critical Reasoning 的部分，也会考到类似的题目。跟 Reading Comprehension 中动辄三、四段的长文章不同，Critical Reasoning 都只涉及到一些较短的文章。
因此，我们解 Reading Comprehension 中的逻辑题跟 Critical Reasoning 中逻辑题最大的不同就是，要提前定位，也就是我们要根据自己的阅读笔记，迅速定位到原文，再将原文中的逻辑关系找出来，写出一个论证过程，再对其进行分析。
It is an odd but indisputable fact that the seventeenth-century English women who are generally regarded as among the forerunners of modern feminism are almost all identified with the Royalist side in the conflict between Royalists and Parliamentarians known as the English Civil Wars. Since Royalist ideology is often associated with the radical patriarchalism of seventeenthcentury political theorist Robert Filmer—a patriarchalism that equates family and kingdom and asserts the divinely ordained absolute power of the king and, by analogy, of the male head of the household—historians have been understandably puzzled by the fact that Royalist women wrote the earliest extended criticisms of the absolute subordination of women in marriage and the earliest systematic assertions of women's rational and moral equality with men. Some historians have questioned the facile equation of Royalist ideology with Filmerian patriarchalism; and indeed, there may have been no consistent differences between Royalists and Parliamentarians on issues of family organization and women's political rights, but in that case one would expect early feminists to be equally divided between the two sides.
Catherine Gallagher argues that Royalism engendered feminism because the ideology of absolute monarchy provided a transition to an ideology of the absolute self. She cites the example of the notoriously eccentric author Margaret Cavendish (1626–1673), duchess of Newcastle. Cavendish claimed to be as ambitious as any woman could be, but knowing that as a woman she was excluded from the pursuit of power in the real world, she resolved to be mistress of her own world, the “immaterial world” that any person can create within her own mind—and, as a writer, on paper. In proclaiming what she called her “singularity,” Cavendish insisted that she was a self-sufficient being within her mental empire, the center of her own subjective universe rather than a satellite orbiting a dominant male planet. In justifying this absolute singularity, Cavendish repeatedly invoked the model of the absolute monarch, a figure that became a metaphor for the self-enclosed, autonomous nature of the individual person. Cavendish's successors among early feminists retained her notion of woman's sovereign self, but they also sought to break free from the complete political and social isolation that her absolute singularity entailed.
针对这篇文章的，有一道逻辑题如下：
Which of the following, if true, would most clearly undermine Gallagher's explanation of the link between Royalism and feminism?
A. Because of their privileged backgrounds, Royalist women were generally better educated than were their Parliamentarian counterparts.
B. Filmer himself had read some of Cavendish’s early writings and was highly critical of her ideas.
C. Cavendish's views were highly individual and were not shared by the other Royalist women who wrote early feminist works.
D. The Royalist and Parliamentarian ideologies were largely in agreement on issues of family organization and women's political rights.
E. The Royalist side included a sizable minority faction that was opposed to the more radical tendencies of Filmerian patriarchalism.
对于这道题，我们首先是要根据自己的阅读笔记迅速定位到文章中相应的部分。
Catherine Gallagher argues that Royalism engendered feminism because the ideology of absolute monarchy provided a transition to an ideology of the absolute self. She cites the example of the notoriously eccentric author Margaret Cavendish (1626–1673), duchess of Newcastle. Cavendish claimed to be as ambitious as any woman could be, but knowing that as a woman she was excluded from the pursuit of power in the real world, she resolved to be mistress of her own world, the “immaterial world” that any person can create within her own mind—and, as a writer, on paper.
随后，我们要找出它的论证过程，比如前提，结论以及举例说明，等等。
在这里，前提就是 "the ideology of absolute monarchy provided a transition to an ideology of the absolute self", 也就是“绝对君权的意识形态为绝对自我的意识形态提供了过渡”。结论就是 "Royalism engendered feminism"。
为了说明这个论证，Catherine Gallagher 举了一个 Margaret Cavendish 的例子。要削弱这个论证，我们要么削弱前提，也就是证明“绝对君权的意识形态不会为绝对自我的意识形态提供过渡”，要么削弱这个例子，说明 Margaret Cavendish 只是一个特例，并不具有普遍性。有了这样的思考之后，我们再去看选项，看看哪个答案更加符合我们刚刚的推理过程。因此，答案为 C。