求虚拟语气的用法，特别是should型虚拟。

Answer 1

一.should 在含有条件的虚拟语气中的运用
1. 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式(be 一般用were)，主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形。
I’d come too if I had time to spare.
2.虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设，if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即had＋过去分词，主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词。
If the hurricane had happened during the daytime there would have beenmore deaths.
3.虚拟将来时是表示对将来实现的可能性很小的或不确定的假设。If从句的谓语形式用一般过去式或用were to / should +动词原形，主句用would /should /could/ might +动词原形。
If I were to met him tomorrowshould, I should ask him about it.
Should there be any trouble with the boiler, the automatic controlling unit would cut off the fuel oil supply.
If there were no gravity, we should not be able to walk.
二.should在宾语从句中的运用.　
1)某些动词后所接宾语从句中的谓语动词要求用虚拟语气，用来表示建议、命令和要求等。其形式为：（should）+ 动词原形。常这样用的动词有ask 要求 advise 劝告　determine 决定 decide 决定command 命令 insist 坚持intend 打算 move 提议prefer 宁愿 propose 提议order 命令 recommend 推荐request 要求 require 要求suggest 建议 urge 主张demand要求 desire 渴望direct 命令.例如：
He insisted that the meeting be put off.
他要求推迟那个会议。
He insisted that he was right
.他坚持认为他是对的.
They proposed that all the plans (should) be discussed at the meeting.
他们建议所有的计划都应该在会上讨论。
2） 在以it为形式宾语的复合宾语从句中也可以用虚拟语气，其形式为：（should）+ 动词原形。这一句型中使用的形容词（宾补）与主语从句中的虚拟语气所使用的形容词相同。例如：
We think it advisable that he (should) think deeply before acting.
我们认为他在行动之前好好考虑一下才是明智的。
3)expect,believe,think,suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式的宾语从句.中谓语动词用should+动词原形.
I never expected that the problem should be so complicated.
They just couldn’t believe that the stadium should be so big.
We never thought that she should be the brave girl who we have heard so much about.
三.should在表语从句和同位语从句中的运用中的运用.
　在表示建议、命令、主张、目的和愿望等名词后面的表语从句和同位语从句中谓语动词要求使用虚拟语气。其形式为：（should）+ 动词原形。常这样用的名词有：resolution 决心，决议 pray 恳求decision 决议 motion 提议suggestion 建议 preference 选择proposal 提议 advice 劝告recommendation 推荐 desire 愿望demand 要求 requirement 要求order 命令 necessity 必要性request 要求 idea 主意、想例如：
He gave orders that the guests (should) be hospitably entertained.
他下令热情款待这些客人。
His proposal is that we (should) get rid of the bad habits.
他提议我们应该摈弃这些不良习性。
四.should在主语从句中句的运用.
1）主语从句中的虚拟语气主要取决于某些形容词用来表示建议、命令、要求、惊异和失望等。其形式为：（should）+ 动词原形。常这样用的形容词有：appropriate 适当的 advisable 适当的，合理的better 较好的 desirable 理想的essential 精华的 imperative 迫切的important 重要的 insistent 坚持的natural 自然的 necessary 必要的preferable 优越的，较好的 strange 奇怪的urgent 紧迫的 vital 极其重要的，如：
It’s necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们有必要出去散散步。
It’s natural that she should do so. 她这样做是很自然的。
It’'s important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。
2)在句型it is a pity that 。。。it is a shame that。。。it is no wonder that。。。that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用：should+动词原型表示惊奇，怀疑，不满等情绪。
Is is a pity that he should be so coceited。真遗憾他竟然这样自高自大。
3）在句型it is desired that ，it is suggested that，it is reqested that ，it was orered that，iwas proposed that ，it has been decided that，等结构后的主语从句中，谓语动词常用(should)+动词原型。
It is suuggested that we form a spare time study group。
It is insisted that we (should) take up the question at the meeting。
五，should 在状语从句中的运用。
1）连接词“in case, lest, for fear that”可以用来引导虚拟语气。其形式通常为：“…lest (in case, for fear that) + 主语 + should + 动词原形”。Lest, for fear that 句中的 should 可以省去， in case 句中的 should 通常不省去，但是 in case 句中可以不用虚拟语气，而用陈述语气。Lest, for fear that后面也可以接其他形式。例如：
He took his coat with him in case it should rain.
他带着雨衣以防下雨。
I will not make a noise for fear that I (should/ might) disturb you.
我不会做声的，以免打扰你。
Care must be taken in using this method lest overflow (should) occur.
在使用这以方法的时候要谨慎小心，以免发生溢流现象。
2）I’m sorry that…We were surprised that… They were disappointed/disappointed that..等后面的状语从句中谓语动词用should+动词原型 如:
I’m sorry that she should be in such poor health我真难过,他身体竟然这样差.
六.在how ,why 等引起的问句中也可用should.如;
Why should you talk like that?你怎样竟然这样说?
How should (could) I know?我怎末知道?
七.should 可以用来陈述自己的看法 .
I should be so glad to talk to him.我愿意和他谈谈.
Ishould think your approach is correct.我想你处理的方式是对的。
八．..should在其他句型中的运用
1）在句型“It is (high/ about) time…”后面也可以跟虚拟语气，从句中常用过去式。有时也用“（should）+ 动词原形”，意为“该是……的时候了”。例如：
It is time that the boy (should) go to school.
这个小孩该上学了。
　It is high time (that) the weather improved.
天气真该好起来了。
2). should have done sth本应该做某事，而事实上并没有做。否定句表示"不该做某事而做了"。
You ought to (should) have been more careful in this experiment　
在这个实验中你本该要小心的。（事实上大意了。）
He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.（事实上已扔了。）
ought to 在语气上比should 要强。
九.wish后的宾语从句中，if only 引起的句子,as if 引起的状语从句中一般不用should.
1) wish后面所跟的宾语从句中的虚拟语气表示某种不能实现的愿望。
其主要形式有三种：
表示对现在情况的虚拟： wish/if only/as if + 主语 + 动词过去式或 were
表示对过去情况的虚拟： wish/if only/as if + 主语 + had + 过去分词
表示对将来情况的虚拟： wish /if only/as if + 主语 + would + 动词原形。
例如：
I wish I knew what was going to happen.
但愿我能知道要发生什么事。
She wished she had stayed at home.
她懊悔的是她当时要是在家就好了。
　I wish I were rich.
我恨不得我很有钱。
注意：在表示对过去情况的虚拟时，有时也可以用下列形式：
wish + 主语 + would（could）+ have + 过去分词
I wish I could have seen her last night.
要是我昨天晚上能够见到她那该多好。
If only the alarm clock had rung.　当时闹钟响了，就好了。
　If only I were you！我是你就好了!
2）as if从句的虚拟语气用法： as if的意思是“好像”，从用法上有两种:如果是假象用虚拟语气,如果有可能发生用陈述语气.如:
Tom looks calm and steady as if he were telling the truth.
Tom looks calm and steady as if he is telling the truth.
前一句表明汤姆是在撒谎，后一句说明汤姆可能在撒谎。
He speaks as if he knew everything about the accident.(虚拟)
He speaks as if he knows everything about the accident.(陈述)
My mother is always talking as if she were a doctor of medicine.(虚拟)
The young lady is talking as if she is a doctor of medicine.（陈述）
You seem as if you had done all that you should have.(虚拟)