求一篇英语作文 the history of Container Terminal 集装箱的历史 500字

Question

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Answer 1

　　The history of the development of container transportation industry
The development of container transport through sprout period, developing period, growth period, maturity period of four stages of modern.
From 1830 to 1856 for the container transport bud
In 1801, the British Anderson (James Anderson), first proposed the idea of container transport. 1830 in the British Railway first appeared a container loading, also appeared in the use of large container ship the cargo in railway. In 1845 the British Rail started to appear in the cargo compartment resembles the modern container -- container. In 1853 the United States railway also use container loading. This is the world's first container transport. In 1880, the United States a formal trial of the first inland with the container ship. The formal use of container is in the early twentieth Century. In 1900 the British railway container transportation first appeared relatively simple. In 1917 the United States railway container transport on trial. After more than ten years, morality, law, day, appeared in the container transportation. In 1933 the establishment of the International Container Association in Paris, responsible for the unified standard container. World War II (1952) after the United States established the "military quick service system" container, the realization of the use of container transport ammunition and other military supplies. But this period because of the social productivity is still relatively backward, not sufficient and stable supply of suitable containers, the container transportation superiority cannot very good play, affected the development of container transport.
From 1956 to 1966 for a period of container transport
In 1955, American Mclean (Malcom Mclean) first proposed the container transport must implement the land and sea transport point of view, in order to facilitate the sea transport, he advocated the sea and land by a control and management. In April 26, 1956 the United States pan the Atlantic shipping company (Pan-Atlantic Steamship Co.) using a modified T - 2 type of tanker "Makesidun", on the deck loading 58 large container, trial operation in New York to the Houston line. 3 months of trial operation has achieved great economic effect, show the superiority of container transport. In 1957 October, the company will be 6 aircraft type C-2 cargo ship into a full container ship with a box of lattice. The first ship by the name "Gateway City", the ship is provided with a container crane, load weight of 90000 tons, loading 35 feet container box 226, weight 25 tons, sailing from New York to Houston. This marks the official start way maritime container transportation.
From 1966 to the end of the 80's, the container transportation entered the growth period of expansion
1966 April transportation company (formerly the United States pan the Atlantic shipping company) through the full container ship refitted opened New York to Europe Container Shipping route. 1967 September Ma Tuosong ship company will "Hawaii colonists" container ship into Japan to the Pacific route. Japan after a year of 6 shipping companies to develop container transport between Japan and California. Followed by Japan and the European countries shipping company has launched the container transport in Japan, Europe, the United States and Australia etc.. With the development of maritime container transportation, all countries in the world the construction of container terminal. This century 70's to 80's, is a computer software development era. This time the "system of door to door" transportation goal oriented international multimodal transport and multimodal transport system, construction of system. This also for transportation mature container ready.
Since 80 time end, international container transportation into modern mature period
At present, the container transportation has spread all over the world, the developed countries cargo transportation container degree has reached more than 80%. During this period, ship capacity, port throughput capacity and inland connecting and supporting more perfect between three aspects of transport capacity, and container transportation related hardware and software is improving, the relevant links closely, supporting the construction of multimodal transport; container transportation has developed quickly, the container transportation between the developed countries have basically achieved the multimodal transport in developing countries, multimodal transport growth momentum is also very good. Nineteen ninties, competition of container transport market is becoming increasingly fierce, the shipping company in order to survive, to seek development, have group construction camp and "global alliance". In 1993 the world's 20 largest "global carrier" to 1996 only 13 home.
China container transport is started from the 50's of the last century. In 1955 April, the railway departments to handle small domestic container transport. Waterborne department in 1956, 1960, 1972 3 to borrow short-term trial operation of railway container. In 1973 the development of maritime international container transport, opened in September 1973 with a small container cargo transport from Shanghai to Yokohama, Osaka, Kobe route. China International Container Transport started late, but the development speed is the fastest. Since 1973, Tianjin unloading the first international container, after the 70's start, stable development in 80 to 90 years, China international container transport caused the eager attention all over the world shipping industry. So far, China has a modern container fleet, built a number of container berth of deep water. At present, China's Hongkong, Shanghai, Shenzhen and Taiwan in China's Kaohsiung port were ranked in the world container port second, three or four, six; the COSCO Group, China Shipping Group, Hongkong Oriental Overseas Group, China Taiwan Evergreen Group and Wan Hai group was ranked the world's top 20 liner company list.

　　中文原文如下：
集装箱运输业的发展历史
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集装箱运输的发展经历了萌芽期、开创期、成长扩展期、现代成熟期四个阶段。
1830年至1856年为集装箱运输的萌芽期
1801年，英国人安德森（James Anderson）博士首先提出了集装箱运输的设想。1830年在英国铁路上首先出现了一种装煤的容器，也出现了在铁路上使用大容器来装运件杂货。1845年在英国铁路上开始出现了酷似现代集装箱的载货车厢——集装箱雏形。1853年美国铁路也采用了容器装运法。这是世界上最早出现的集装箱运输的雏形。1880年，美国正式试制了第一艘内河用的集装箱船。正式使用集装箱是在20世纪初期。1900年英国铁路上首先出现了较为简单的集装箱运输。1917年美国铁路上试行集装箱运输。随后的十余年间，德、法、日、意相继出现了集装箱运输。1933年在巴黎成立国际集装箱协会，负责制定统一的集装箱标准。二战（1952）后美国建立了“军用集装箱快速勤务系统”，实现了使用集装箱运输弹药和其他军用物品。但这个时期由于社会生产力还较落后，没有充足而稳定的适箱货源，致使集装箱运输的优越性不能很好发挥，影响了集装箱运输的开展。
1956年至1966年为集装箱运输的开创期
1955年，美国人麦克林（Malcom Mclean）首先提出了集装箱运输必须实现海陆联运的观点，为了便于海陆联运，他主张陆运和海运由一个公司控制和管理。1956年4月26日美国泛大西洋船公司（Pan-Atlantic Steamship Co.）使用一艘经改装的T－2型油船 “马科斯顿”号，在甲板上装载了58个大型集装箱，试运行纽约至休斯顿航线。3个月的试运行取得了巨大的经济效果，显示了集装箱运输的巨大优越性。1957年10月，该公司又将6艘C-2型件杂货船改装成了带有箱格的全集装箱船。第一艘船的船名为“Gateway City”，该船设有集装箱装卸桥，载重量90000吨，装载35尺集装箱226只，箱总重25吨，航行于纽约到休斯顿。这标志着海上集装箱运输方式正式开始。
自1966年起至80年代末，集装箱运输进入了成长扩展期
1966年4月海陆运输公司（原美国泛大西洋船公司）以经过改装的全集装箱船开辟了纽约至欧洲集装箱运输航线。1967年9月马托松船公司将“夏威夷殖民者”全集装箱船投入到日本至北美太平洋沿岸航线。一年后日本有6家船公司在日本至加利福尼亚之间开展集装箱运输。紧接着日本和欧洲各国的船公司先后在日本、欧洲、美国和澳大利亚等地区开展了集装箱运输。随着海上集装箱运输的发展，世界各国普遍建设集装箱专用码头。本世纪70年代到80年代，是计算机软件发展时代。这个时代把“门到门”的运输目标导向国际多式联运的系统化方向，开始构筑系统运输和联运系统。这也为集装箱运输成熟期的到来做好了准备。
80年代末至今，国际集装箱运输进入现代成熟期
目前，集装箱运输已遍及全球，发达国家件杂货运输的集装箱化程度已达80％以上。这个时期，船舶运力、港口吞吐能力和内陆集疏运能力三个环节之间衔接和配套日趋完善，与集装箱运输有关的硬件和软件日臻完善，各有关环节紧密衔接、配套建设；集装箱运输多式联运获得迅速发展，发达国家之间的集装箱运输已基本实现了多式联运，发展中国家多式联运的增长势头也是十分可观的。20世纪90年代，集装箱运输市场竞争日趋激烈，各船公司为了求生存、求发展，纷纷组建联营体和“环球联盟”。1993年世界20家最大“全球承运人”到1996年仅剩下13家。
中国集装箱运输是从上世纪50年代开始起步的。1955年4月，铁路部门开始办理国内小型集装箱运输。水运部门在1956年、1960年、1972年3次借用铁路集装箱进行短期试运。1973年开辟海上国际集装箱运输，1973年9月开辟用杂货船捎运小型集装箱的上海至横滨、大阪、神户航线。中国国际集装箱运输起步较晚，但发展的速度是最快的。自1973年天津接卸了第一个国际集装箱，历经了70年代的起步，80年代的稳定发展，到90年代中国国际集装箱运输引起全世界航运界的热切关注。至此，中国拥有了一支现代化的集装箱船队，建成了一批集装箱专用深水泊位。目前，中国的香港、上海、深圳和中国台湾地区的高雄港分别排在世界集装箱港口的第二、三、四、六位；中远集团、中海集团、香港的东方海外集团、中国台湾的长荣海运集团和万海集团也身居世界前二十大班轮公司之列。

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亲，是集装箱码头的历史啊~~~