求助高手帮忙翻译
单片机是指一个集成在一块芯片上的完整计算机系统。尽管他的大部分功能集成在一块小芯片上，但是它具有一个完整计算机所需要的大部分部件：CPU、内存、内部和外部总线系统，目前大部分还会具有外存。同时集成诸如通讯接口、定时器，实时时钟等外围设备。而现在最强大的单片机系统甚至可以将声音、图像、网络、复杂的输入输出系统集成在一块芯片上。
单片机也被称为微控制器,是因为它最早被用在工业控制领域。单片机由芯片内仅有CPU的专用处理器发展而来。最早的设计理念是通过将大量外围设备和CPU集成在一个芯片中，使计算机系统更小，更容易集成进复杂的而对提及要求严格的控制设备当中。INTEL的Z80是最早按照这种思想设计出的处理器，从此以后，单片机和专用处理器的发展便分道扬镳。
早期的单片机都是8位或4位的。其中最成功的是INTEL的8031，因为简单可靠而性能不错获得了很大的好评。此后在8031上发展出了MCS51系列单片机系统。基于这一系统的单片机系统直到现在还在广泛使用。随着工业控制领域要求的提高，开始出现了16位单片机，但因为性价比不理想并未得到很广泛的应用。90年代后随着消费电子产品大发展，单片机技术得到了巨大的提高。随着INTEL i960系列特别是后来的ARM系列的广泛应用，32位单片机迅速取代16位单片机的高端地位，并且进入主流市场。而传统的8位单片机的性能也得到了飞速提高，处理能力比起80年代提高了数百倍。目前，高端的32位单片机主频已经超过300MHz，性能直追90年代中期的专用处理器，而普通的型号出厂价格跌落至1美元，最高端的型号也只有10美元。当代单片机系统已经不再只在裸机环境下开发和使用，大量专用的嵌入式操作系统被广泛应用在全系列的单片机上。而在作为掌上电脑和手机核心处理的高端单片机甚至可以直接使用专用的Windows和Linux操作系统。
单片机比专用处理器最适合应用于嵌入式系统，因此它得到了最多的应用。事实上单片机是世界上数量最多的计算机。现代人类生活中所用的几乎每件电子和机械产品中都会集成有单片机。手机、电话、计算器、家用电器、电子玩具、掌上电脑以及鼠标等电脑配件中都配有1-2部单片机。而个人电脑中也会有为数不少的单片机在工作。汽车上一般配备40多部单片机，复杂的工业控制系统上甚至可能有数百台单片机在同时工作！单片机的数量不仅远超过PC机和其他计算的综合，甚至比人类的数量还要多。
可以说，二十世纪跨越了三个“电”的时代，即电气时代、电子时代和现已进入的电脑时代。不过，这种电脑，通常是指个人计算机，简称PC机。它由主机、键盘、显示器等组成。还有一类计算机，大多数人却不怎么熟悉。这种计算机就是把智能赋予各种机械的单片机（亦称微控制器）。顾名思义，这种计算机的最小系统只用了一片集成电路，即可进行简单运算和控制。因为它体积小，通常都藏在被控机械的“肚子”里。它在整个装置中，起着有如人类头脑的作用，它出了毛病，整个装置就瘫痪了。现在，这种单片机的使用领域已十分广泛，如智能仪表、实时工控、通讯设备、导航系统、家用电器等。各种产品一旦用上了单片机，就能起到使产品升级换代的功效，常在产品名称前冠以形容词——“智能型”，如智能型洗衣机等。现在有些工厂的技术人员或其它业余电子开发者搞出来的某些产品，不是电路太复杂，就是功能太简单且极易被仿制。究其原因，可能就卡在产品未使用单片机或其它可编程逻辑器件上。
SCM also known as micro-controllers, because it was first used in the field of industrial control. SCM only by the CPU chip, developed from a dedicated processor. The first design concept is by and large number of peripheral devices integrated in a CPU chip, the computer system is smaller, more easily integrated into the complex and demanding that the control devices. INTEL the Z80 was the first such thinking in accordance with the design of the processor, henceforth, SCM and the development of dedicated processor is parted ways.
Early SCM are eight or the four. One of the most successful is the 8031 INTEL, because simple and reliable performance and good access to a lot of praise. Since then in 8031 on the development of a series MCS51 SCM system. Based on this system until now the SCM system is still widely used. As the field of industrial control requirements of the increase, began to appear in 16-bit microcontrollers, but not ideal because the price has not been very widely used. As the 1990s after the big consumer electronics product development, SCM technology got a huge raise. With INTEL i960 series in particular, the subsequent series of extensive application of ARM, 32-bit microcontroller quickly replaced by 16 high-end MCU status and enter the mainstream market. And the traditional 8-bit microcontrollers performance has been improving rapidly, the capacity increase compared with the 1980s a few hundred times. At present, high-speed 32-bit microcontroller has exceeded 300 MHz, catching up performance of the mid-1990s, dedicated processors, and the general model prices fell to one U.S. dollars, the most high-end models only 10 U.S. dollars. Contemporary SCM system is no longer only barebone environment in the development and use of a large number of dedicated embedded operating system is widely used in the entire series on the MCU. In a handheld computers and mobile phones with high-end microcontroller core can even direct the use of a dedicated Windows and Linux operating systems.
SCM dedicated processor than the most suitable for embedded systems, so it was up to the application. In fact SCM is the world's largest number of computers. Modern human life used in almost every electronic and machinery products will integrate a microcontroller. Cell phone, telephone, calculator, household appliances, electronic toys, handheld computers and computer accessories such as a mouse with a 1-2 in both the Department of SCM. And personal computers will also have a large number of SCM at work. General vehicle equipped with more than 40 of the microcontroller, complex industrial control systems may have even hundreds of SCM at the same time work! SCM is not only far exceeded the number of PC and other integrated computing, or even than the number of human beings more.
It can be said that the 20th century across the three "power" of the times, that is, electrical era, the electronic age and has now entered the computer age. However, such a computer, usually refers to personal computer, or PC. It consists of host, keyboards, monitors and other components. There are a class of computers, most people do not know how. This computer is to give all kinds of smart machines SCM (also known as micro-controllers). As the name suggests, the smallest such computer systems use only one of the integrated circuit to make a simple calculation and control. Because of its small size, are usually charged with possession of machine in the "belly",. It throughout the device, like the human mind to play the role it has defects, the entire device paralyzed. Now, the SCM has been very extensive use of areas, such as intelligent instruments, real-time industrial control, communications equipment, navigation systems, such as household appliances. Once a variety of products used SCM, will serve to upgrade the effectiveness of products, often called the product name before the adjective - "intelligent", such as intelligent washing machines. At present, some factories or other technical personnel who engage in the development of amateur electronic out of certain products, is not too complicated circuit, is the function was too simple and easy to imitate. The reason may not use the card products in the SCM or other programmable logic device.
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来与动物们交谈，与海象低谈，同企鹅快语，给海狮唱歌，爱抚微笑的海豚或拥抱全世界最著名的杀手鲸鱼Shamu，它可是你所交过的体型最大的朋友了！今年夏天计划游览一下美丽的海洋公园吧。还有什么其它地方能使你接触到如此众多而又与众不同的海洋动物呢？
与它们谈话，触摸它们，欢笑，爱它们。相互了解。有了这些新的动物朋友，还有什么其它地方能让你和你的家人如此快乐呢？全天的精彩表演，表演，表演！就在海洋世界。在这里你可以与动物们交谈，它们也能和你们交谈。
克里福兰
圣迭哥
奥兰多
