第1个回答 2013-05-25
个人原创，如有雷同，纯属必然！ 版权所有@
Pressure seems to be a natural part in our daily life in this competitive society. Like it or not there is always pressure of one kind or another. And it seems there is hardly any way to avoid it or get rid of it. Moreover, as the pace of modern life continues to quicken, pressure seems to be on the increase all the time.
压力似乎是在这个竞争激烈的社会中我们日常生活中很自然的一部分。不管喜欢还是不喜欢，总是有一种或另一种压力。似乎没有任何办法来避免或摆脱它。此外，随着现代生活的节奏不断加快，压力似乎一直在增长。
Different people have different ideas about pressure. Some hold that pressure is something very vicious. If there is too much of it, it will lead to the decline of one's physical and mental health. So they are always complaining about it or trying to flee from it. They think, only relaxation, the opposite of pressure, is what we should desire. On the other hand, others argue that pressure is not as bad as is often thought. In fact a certain amount of pressure is essential to provide motivation and meaning to our life. It is pressure that propels our progress and contributes to our success.
关于压力不同的人有不同的想法。有些人认为压力是很邪恶的东西。如果压力太大，这将导致一个人的身体和精神健康下降。所以他们总是抱怨或试图逃避它。他们认为，只有放松（与压力相对的）才是我们应该渴望的。另一方面，其他人认为压力并不像我们通常想的那么坏。事实上，一定程度的压力是提供动机和我们的生活意义的关键。是压力推动我们的进步有助于我们成功。
Personally, I'm in favor of the latter idea. I believe that a little pressure is certainly an important incentive in life. It is only when the pressure gets out of control can it lead to poor performance and bad health. Since it is impossible to avoid pressure, certainly there is no sense trying to do so or complaining about it.
就我个人而言，我支持后者的观点。我相信有点压力的确是生活中重要的激励。只有当压力失去控制，才会导致糟糕的表现和不好的健康状况。既然压力无法避免，当然试图避免或抱怨都是毫无意义的。
Pressure seems to be a natural part in our daily life in this competitive society. Like it or not there is always pressure of one kind or another. And it seems there is hardly any way to avoid it or get rid of it. Moreover, as the pace of modern life continues to quicken, pressure seems to be on the increase all the time.
压力似乎是在这个竞争激烈的社会中我们日常生活中很自然的一部分。不管喜欢还是不喜欢，总是有一种或另一种压力。似乎没有任何办法来避免或摆脱它。此外，随着现代生活的节奏不断加快，压力似乎一直在增长。
Different people have different ideas about pressure. Some hold that pressure is something very vicious. If there is too much of it, it will lead to the decline of one's physical and mental health. So they are always complaining about it or trying to flee from it. They think, only relaxation, the opposite of pressure, is what we should desire. On the other hand, others argue that pressure is not as bad as is often thought. In fact a certain amount of pressure is essential to provide motivation and meaning to our life. It is pressure that propels our progress and contributes to our success.
关于压力不同的人有不同的想法。有些人认为压力是很邪恶的东西。如果压力太大，这将导致一个人的身体和精神健康下降。所以他们总是抱怨或试图逃避它。他们认为，只有放松（与压力相对的）才是我们应该渴望的。另一方面，其他人认为压力并不像我们通常想的那么坏。事实上，一定程度的压力是提供动机和我们的生活意义的关键。是压力推动我们的进步有助于我们成功。
Personally, I'm in favor of the latter idea. I believe that a little pressure is certainly an important incentive in life. It is only when the pressure gets out of control can it lead to poor performance and bad health. Since it is impossible to avoid pressure, certainly there is no sense trying to do so or complaining about it.
就我个人而言，我支持后者的观点。我相信有点压力的确是生活中重要的激励。只有当压力失去控制，才会导致糟糕的表现和不好的健康状况。既然压力无法避免，当然试图避免或抱怨都是毫无意义的。
第2个回答 2013-05-21
有没有什么提示信息？比如从哪些方面来写追问
字数约120字左右，高一水平即可。谢谢
1、现代生活使很多人都感到很大压力
2、造成压力的原因
3、如何缓解压力
第3个回答 2013-05-21
非谓语动词中的动词不定式和动名词详细用法：
动词不定式(to do )概念及形式：
动词不定式：动词不定式属于非谓语动词其中一种，在句中无人称和数的限制，并在句中起名词；形容词；或副词作用的成分，其形式有2种；一种带不定式符号“to” ,一种不带不定式符号“to ”.
（一）作主语：相当于名词或代词的，往往用it 作形式主语替代，不定式真正主语放在句末
【1】To learn English is not easy .学英文不是容易事情【2】To see is to believe.眼见为实
【3】It is difficult to learn Russian well . 学好俄语是很难的事情
【.4】 It is so hard for foreigners to learn Chinese学汉语对外国人来说是非常难的
【5】It is the duty of the police to preserve public order. 警察的职责是维持公共持续
【6】It is kind of you to see me off at airport 你能在机场为我送行，真是太友好了
【7】It is necessary to make a study plan 制定一个学习计划是很有必要的
【8】It is important for students to go over their lessons after class 对学生来讲，课后复习他们功课是非常重要的
【.9】It is necessary for us to learn a foreign language 对我们来说，学一门外语是非常必要的
【10】It is possible for you to do the work
【11】To live in China is Mr.Smith’dream=It is Mr.Smith’s dream to live in China在中国生活是史密斯的梦想
【12】To stop the work now seems impossible =It seems impossible to stop the work now现在停止这项工作似乎是不可能的
【13】To lean out of the window is dangerous.把身子伸出窗外是危险的。
【14】To talk with him is a great pleasure.和他谈话是一件非常愉快的事。
【15】To die for the people is a glorious death! 为人民而死，虽死犹荣。
动词不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语动词的后面，而在句首用引词"作语法上的主语。上述两句即可改为：
【16】It is a great pleasure to talk with him. 和他谈话时件非常愉快的事情
【17】It is a glorious death to die for the people.为人民而牺牲是光荣的牺牲
注意也常用"It is+形容词+动词不定式短语"这样的句型：
【18】It is necessary to make a plan for this course of study.必须订一个学习这门课程的计划。
【19】It is not difficult to learn a foreign if you spend time and effort on it. 小只要你花时间下功夫，学好一门外国语并不难。
【20】It's just impossible to see that and not weep.看见那种情景而不哭是根本不可能的。(注意weep之前省去了to，以免重复)
（备注:当动词不定式比较长时，应该用it 作形式主语，把真正作主语不定式放到句子后面；动词不定前面可以加入for somebody 或者of somebody充当其逻辑主语；其句子结构为It is +形容词/名词+ for somebody / of somebody to do something;后面可以接of 的形容词：kind,bold,brave,clever,honest,stupidRight,wise;后面可以接for
的形容词有easy,difficult, important,heavy, necessary,possible )
(二）动词不定式(to do )作作宾语：主要是作某些特定的动词后面的宾语；需要熟练记住那些动词.
（一）跟不定时作宾语的动词有：
打算(intend)计划(plan)和期盼(expect/desire)假装(pretend)喜欢(would like/love/prefer)表祝愿(wish)
决定(decide)同意(agree)来帮助(help)设法(manage)说服(persuade)不拒绝(refuse)
好像(seem/appear)答应(promise)做努力(attempt)选择(choose)询问(ask)多学习(learn)
告诉(tell)失败(fail)也付得起(afford)不定式宾语要牢记 ！
afford to do sth. 担负得起做某事 agree to do sth. 赞同做某事 arrange to do sth.布置做某事 ask to do sth. 要求做某事
beg to do sth. 恳求做某事 care to do sth. 想要做某事 choose to do sth. 决议做某事 decide to do sth. 决议做某事
demand to do sth. 要求做某事 determine to do sth. 决计做某事expect to do sth. 等待做某事fear to do sth. 惧怕做某事
help to do sth. 协助做某事 hope to do sth. 希望做某事 learn to do sth. 学习做某事 manage to do sth. 设法做某事
offer to do sth. 自动提出做某事 plan to do sth. 计划做某事prepare to do sth. 预备做某事pretend to do sth. 伪装做某事
promise to do sth. 容许做某事 refuse to do sth. 回绝做某事 want to do sth. 想要做某事 wish to do sth. 希望做某事
注：有些不及物动词后习惯上也接不定式，不接动名词：
aim to do sth. 计划做某事 fail to do sth. 未能做某事long to do sth. 盼望做某事
happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事hesitate to do sth. 犹疑做某事struggle to do sth. 努力做某事
3、 would rather/had better 后的to省略。
例：I would rather go to Japan than the USA.我宁愿去日本也不想去美国。
You had better take a hat with you.你最好带上一顶帽子。
4、 why…/why not…句型中not后to省略。
例：why not come to my home for a dinner tonight?今晚何不来我家吃顿饭。
5、 help 后可带to，也可不带to, help sb （to） do sth：
6、 but和except后。but前是实义动词do时，后面出现的不定式不带to。
比较：He wants to do nothing but go out. 他只想出去玩。
He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. 除了吃这药，他什么都信。
7、 由and, or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省去：
例：He forgot to go to her home and give her the important letter. 他忘了去她家并把一封重要信件给她。
【1】 She promised to come back /return in half an hour 她答应半小时后回来
【1】He can not afford to buy a car 他买不起一辆汽车
【2】I hope to see you soon 我希望很快见到你
【3】I think it necessary to help each other 我认为相互帮助是必要的
【4】I find it impossible to get everything ready in time我觉得及时准备一切事情是不可能的
【5】He considered it better not to go 他认为还是不去为比较好
【6】He wants to be a village school teacher in a mountain area.他要做个山村教师。
【7】Do you like to watch football matches? 你喜欢看足球赛吗?
【8】Learn to walk before you run.先学走后学跑。【9】We decided to make changes in our plan.我们决定把计划做些修改。
1. 情态动词 （ 除ought 外） 后的to已省略。
例：You must go to the hospital first. 你必须先去医院。 I can swim well. 我能游得很好。
2.使役动词 let, have, make后，感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等词后的to省略。
例：He made the baby crying all night long. 他让那个婴儿哭了一整夜。 Let it be. 就这样吧。
when I passed by, I saw the girl picking the flowers. 我经过的时候，看见那个女孩在摘花。
注意：在这些词的用法中，用于被动语态时不能省去to。
例：I saw him dance. 我看见他跳舞。 =He was seen to dance.
The boss made them work the whole night. 老板让他们整夜干活。 =They were made to work the whole night.
(备注：能接动词不定式作宾语的动词有
agree; begin;choose;decide;hope;learn;like;offer;pretend;Promise;refuse;start;want;wish;fail;plan;
动词不定式(to do )作宾语补足语(不定式复合结构）：主要是接特定动词后面做宾语补足语有
“to ”不定式有些接不带“to ”不定式后面接动词不定式做宾语补足语（复合宾语）的动词
接不定式作宾补的36个常用动词
当动词不定式后面带补足语时，可以用it 作形式宾语，并把真正作宾语动词不定式放在句子后面;
不定式作宾语后可以接补语的动词有：feel,find,judge,make,think,believe,consider )
advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事： allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事ask sb. to do sth.请（叫）某人做某事：
bear sb. to do sth.忍耐某人做某事 beg sb. to do sth. 恳求某人做某事： cause sb. to do sth. 招致某人做某事
command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事：drive sb. to do sth .驱使某人做某事 elect sb. to do sth. 选举某人做某事
encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓舞某人做某事 expect sb. to do sth. 希冀某人做某事：forbid sb. to do sth. 制止某人做某事
force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事 get sb. to do sth. 使（要）某人做某事 hate sb. to do sth. 厌恶某人做某事：
help sb. to do sth. 协助某人做某事 intend sb. to do sth. 计划要某人做某事：invite sb. to do sth. 约请某人做某事
leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事： like sb. to do sth. 喜欢某人做某事 mean sb. to do sth. 计划要某人做某事：
need sb. to do sth. 需求某人做某事 oblige sb. to do sth. 迫使某人做某事：order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事
permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事：persuade sb. to do sth. 压服某人做某事 prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事：
request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事 remind sb. to do sth. 提示某人做某事 teach sb. to do sth .教某人做某事
tell sb. to do sth. 通知某人做某事 train sb. to do sth. 训练某人做某事 trouble sb. to do sth. 费事某人做某事：
want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 warn sb. to do sth. 正告某人做某事 ：wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事
注：不要受汉语意思的影响：
汉语“原谅某人做某事”，英语可说成excuse [forgive] sb. for doing sth.。汉语的“希望某人做某事”英语可说成wish sb. to do sth.。
汉语的“建议某人做某事”，英语可说成advise sb. to do sth.。汉语的“布置某人做某事”，英语可说成arrange for sb. to do sth.。
汉语的“要求某人做某事”，英语可说成demand of sb. to do sth.。汉语的“感激某人做某事”，英语可说成thank sb. for doing sth.。
汉语“恭喜某人做某事”，英语可说成congratulate sb. on doing sth.汉语“阻止某人做某事”英语可说成prevent sb. from doing sth.。
【一】 接动词原形作宾补的11个常用动词
feel sb. do sth. 觉得某人做某事：have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做某事：let sb. do sth.让某人做某事
listen to sb. do sth. 听着某人做某事：look at sb. do sth. 看着某人做某事 make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事：
notice sb. do sth. 留意某人做某事 observe sb. do sth. 察看某人做某事 see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事
watch sb. do sth. 察看某人做某事
【1】I want him to come 我想他来【2】We consider him to be a good teacher 我们认为他是一个好老师
（备注：不定式可以和名词及代词构动词成复合结构；这样动词有：ask,tell, invite,allow,force,compel, oblige,help, wish,
permit,want,like,prefer, expect,advise,persuade, order ,urge,command,get.
【3】I will get someone to repair the computer for you. 我们将会安排人为你修理那台电脑
【4】May I invite you to be present at the meeting?我可以邀请你出席这场会议吗？
【5】The burglar forced this man to open his safe with gun这个窃贼用枪逼迫那个人打开他的保险箱
【6】I saw the train come into the station 我看见火车开进了这个车站
【7】He does not let her go home alone 他不让他单独回家
【8】What makes you think like that ?是什么让你那么认为的？
【9】We often hear him sing this old song 我们经常听见他唱这首老歌
【10】He is often heard to sing this old song 他被别人听见唱了这首歌曲
【11】He got someone to repair the door.他请人修理门。
【12】I persuaded my brother to change his mind.我说服我弟弟改变了主意。
【13】The doctor advised him to take a good rest.大夫劝他好好休息。
【14】Make the past serve the present and foreign things serve China.古为今用，洋为中用。
【15】He let me go home.他让我回家。
【16】We must have someone repair the refrigerator.我们必须叫人来修电冰箱。
【17】I heard him speak in the next room.我听到池在隔壁房间里讲话。
【18】Mother is helping pat (to) clean her shoes.妈妈正帮蓓蒂刷鞋子。
(备注，在一感feel ,二听hear ,listen to ,三使have,let,make,五看 see,observe,notice,watch,
look at 等动词后面跟复合宾语时，不定式“to"需要省略；但是被动语态”to"要加上口诀 一感五看三使两听=已感吾看三室两厅)
不带“TO”的几种不定式几种特殊情况
（2）同一结构中的省略(and/ or )
【11】I want to finish my homework and go home 我想完成我家庭作业后然后再回家
I am really puzzled what to think or say 对想什么，说什么，我真的感觉很迷惑
特殊情况：To be or not to be , this is a question 是还是不是，这个是个问题
【12】 He is better to laugh than to cry (表示对比） 他笑起来要比哭起来要更好
（3）不定式作表语一般后面要加他“to”，但是前面如果有“do”时，则后面“to”应该省略
【13】The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,not to make it more difficult.
新技术的目的时生活变得更容易而不是更困难
【14】What he did was lose the game 他所做的事输了这场比赛
【15】All that he can do is walk home 他所能做的事走着回家
5.句子中含有动词do时，except ,but,besides,such as等后面to 省略
【16】Don't do anything silly, such as marry him 不要做傻事，像嫁个了他
【17】He wants to moved to France and marry this girl他想移居法国然后娶了这个女孩
【18】He wants to do nothing but go out 除了出去，他什么事情都不想做
【19】She has no choice but to accept this method 除了接受这个方法，她已经没有任何选择
【20】He wants to do anything except go to school除了去上学，他想做任何事情
【21】He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine除了吃药，他什么都相信
6.主句含有不定式why,why not, had better,或者rather than , can't but后省略to
【22】He could not but walk home 他不得不走路回去
【23】Why not try going by a boat for a change 为什么不改变一下，坐船去了呢？
【24】Why not take a holiday 为什么不度个假呢？
【25】You had better do this job by yourself 你最好还是亲自做这个工作
【26】He would rather die on his feet than live on his knees 他宁愿站着光荣牺牲，也不要跪着求活
通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand等词后，可以省去to be：
【27】He is supposed (to be) nice. 他应该是个好人。
第二种：动名词详细用法：动名词具有“名词”功能，在句中作动词宾语用法
（1）接动名词（不接不定式）作宾语的34个常用动词
admit doing sth. 供认做某事 advise doing sth. 建议做某事 allow doing sth. 允许做某事
appreciate doing sth. 感谢做某事 avoid doing sth. 防止做某事 consider doing sth. 思索做某事
delay doing sth. 推延做某事 deny doing sth. 否认做某事 discuss doing sth. 讨论做某事
dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事 enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 escape doing sth. 逃脱做某事
excuse doing sth. 原谅做某事 fancy doing sth. 想象做某事 finish doing sth. 完成做某事
forbid doing sth. 制止做某 forgive doing sth. 原谅做某事 give up doing sth. 保持做某事
imagine doing sth. 想象做某事 understand doing sth. 了解做某事 keep doing sth. 坚持做某事
mention doing sth. 提及做某事 mind doing sth. 介意做某事 miss doing sth. 错过做某事
pardon doing sth. 原谅做某事 permit doing sth. 允许做某事 practice doing sth. 练习做某事
prevent doing sth. 阻止做某事 prohibit doing sth. 制止做某事 put off doing sth. 推延做某事
report doing sth.报告做某事 risk doing sth.冒险做某事 stop doing sth.中止做某事 suggest doing sth.建议做某事
考虑（consider）完成（finish）多练习（practise）避免（avoid）冒险（risk）求建议（suggest/recoomend）
面对（face）喜欢（enjoy/appreciate）和介意(mind) 允许（allow）承认（admit/permit）或放弃(give up/abandon)
推迟（put off/delay/postphone）逃避（escape）不原谅（excuse/pardon）提及（mention）坚持(keep/insist on）要想象（imagine/fancy）还有词组feel like 和can’t stand！
有些动词后面既可接不定式，又可接动名词，其意义基本相同，区别不大。接不定式或动名词作宾语意思相同的12个动词：如；like，love，hate，prefer． begin，start.,start,continue,cannot bear,r,propose,regret.
I hate speaking before a big audience. I like reading books. I'd like to read that book.
like to do sth / like doing sth. 喜欢做某事 love to do sth / love doing sth. 喜欢做某事
hate to do sth / hate doing sth. 憎恶做某事 prefer to do sth / prefer doing sth. 宁可做某事
begin to do sth / begin doing sth. 开端做某事 start to do sth / start doing sth. 开端做某事 continue to do sth / continue doing sth. 持续做某事can't bear to do sth / can't bear doing sth. 不能忍耐做某事
bother to do sth / bother doing sth. 费事做某事intend to do sth / intend doing sth.想要做某事
attempt to do sth / attempt doing sth.试图做某事cease to do sth / cease doing sth.中止做某事注意：begin和start本身为进行时，或后面动词为心理变化意义的动词时，须接不定式。
例如：When we came in, they were beginning to have supper.
After his explanation, I began to understand it / realize that I was wrong.
（一） 在动词remember, try, regret, forget, need/want/require， stop, mean等后跟动名词V-和不定式意
同，巧记一句话（记住努力；后悔忘记；需要停止；很有意义），学习采用对比法：
接不定式或动名词作宾语意思不同的9个动词且意思不同的动词
(后悔)后接不定式表示动作尚未发生，后接动名词(可用一般式或完成式)表示动作已经发生。
remember to do something记着去做某事（现在还没有做）（记住要做某事）
Remember to post the letters. 记得把这些信寄掉。
remember doing something记着曾做过某事（以前做过某事）（记住曾做过某事）
I remember posting the letters. 我记得这些信是寄掉了的。
forget to do sth. 遗忘要做某事I forgot to tell him the news. 我忘告诉他这消息了。
forget doing sth. 遗忘曾做过某事I forgot telling her the news. 我忘了曾告诉过她这个消息。
try to do something努力、尽力做某事（设法要做某事）
try doing something试着做某事（看能否达到预期的结果）（做某事试试看有何效果）
stop to do something开始做某事（停下正在做的事，开始做另一事）
stop doing something停止做某事（停止正在做的事）
regret to do something对将来做的事感到遗憾、惋惜（懊悔（遗憾）要做某事）
I regret to tell you that he can’t come. 很抱歉他不能来。
regret doing something对已经做过的事感到后悔（懊悔（遗憾）曾做过某事）
She never regretted doing this. 她从没后悔这样做过。
mean to do something打算,想，意图…（计划做某事）mean doing something意味着（意味着做某事）
want/require/need to be done某事需要做
want/require/need doing某事需要做(这时动名词和主语之间有动宾关系)如: The room needs cleaning/needs to be cleaned)
can’t help to do sth.不能帮助做某事（不能协助做某事）
I can’t help to clean the place up. 我不能帮助打扫这地方。
can’t help doing sth.禁不住做某事（禁不住做某事）
He couldn’t help crying when he heard the news.他听到这个消息时禁不住哭了。
go on to do sth.做完某预先接着做另一事
Go on to do the other exercises after you have finished this one.做完这个练习后,请接着做其它的练习。
go on doing sth.持续做不断在做的事You oughtn’t to go on living this way.你不应该再这样生活下去了。
She nodded, smiled, and went on stitching. 她点了点头，笑了笑，又继续缝衣服。
注：stop to do sth. 与stop doing sth.也不同，前者指停下来去做某事，后者指中止正在做的事。
（二）请牢记在下列固定句式中，动词用V-ing式：
There is no point arguing further. 再争辩下去没有意义。It is no good doing that. 那样做没有用。
It is no use telling his father about it. 告诉他父亲那件事没用。He enjoys listening to music （他喜欢听音乐）(作及物动词宾语）
Jack will finish writing the letter in half an hour 杰克在半小时写完这封信（作及物动词宾语）
The law does not permit camping in this forest 法律不允许在这个森林野营(作及物动词宾语）
please stop talking.请不要讲话。You must practice reading English aloud.你应练习朗读英语。
The foreign visitors enjoyed seeing Chinese acrobatics.外宾喜欢看中国杂技。(动名词seeing作宾语)
She is very fond of dancing （她非常喜欢跳舞）（作介词宾语）
Excuse me for coming late （对不起，我来晚了）（作介词宾语）
He left without saying anything (他一声不吭地走了）（作介词宾语）
There is no possibility of opening a club in this city 在该城市开一个俱乐不是没有可能的（作介词宾语）
Do you mind my opening the window（物主代词+动名词复合结构作宾语）（你介意我/我可以/打开窗户吗？）
They insisted on my staying there for supper 他们坚持留我下吃晚饭（物主代词+动名词复合结构作宾语）
Aunt Liu was very happy about Wang's coming to see her.刘大娘很高兴王来看她。(Wang's coming作介词about的宾语)
We are looking forward to the expert's coming to speak to us.
我们盼望那位专家来给我们作报告。(the expert's coming作look forward to的宾语)
He Hated himself for not having worked hard.他悔恨自己没有用功。
My sister is fond of reading novels.我姐姐喜欢看小说。
We're tired of having the same kind of food everyday.我们对天天吃同样的饭菜感到厌倦。
Instead of going to Zhongshan park，they went to the ZOO.他们没有去中山公园，到动物园去了。
Mr. Bush earns his living by teaching.布什先生以教书为生。He was punished for stealing.他因偷盗受到惩罚。
（6）动名词具有“形容词”功能 在句中作定语的用法追问
动词不定式(to do )概念及形式：
动词不定式：动词不定式属于非谓语动词其中一种，在句中无人称和数的限制，并在句中起名词；形容词；或副词作用的成分，其形式有2种；一种带不定式符号“to” ,一种不带不定式符号“to ”.
（一）作主语：相当于名词或代词的，往往用it 作形式主语替代，不定式真正主语放在句末
【1】To learn English is not easy .学英文不是容易事情【2】To see is to believe.眼见为实
【3】It is difficult to learn Russian well . 学好俄语是很难的事情
【.4】 It is so hard for foreigners to learn Chinese学汉语对外国人来说是非常难的
【5】It is the duty of the police to preserve public order. 警察的职责是维持公共持续
【6】It is kind of you to see me off at airport 你能在机场为我送行，真是太友好了
【7】It is necessary to make a study plan 制定一个学习计划是很有必要的
【8】It is important for students to go over their lessons after class 对学生来讲，课后复习他们功课是非常重要的
【.9】It is necessary for us to learn a foreign language 对我们来说，学一门外语是非常必要的
【10】It is possible for you to do the work
【11】To live in China is Mr.Smith’dream=It is Mr.Smith’s dream to live in China在中国生活是史密斯的梦想
【12】To stop the work now seems impossible =It seems impossible to stop the work now现在停止这项工作似乎是不可能的
【13】To lean out of the window is dangerous.把身子伸出窗外是危险的。
【14】To talk with him is a great pleasure.和他谈话是一件非常愉快的事。
【15】To die for the people is a glorious death! 为人民而死，虽死犹荣。
动词不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语动词的后面，而在句首用引词"作语法上的主语。上述两句即可改为：
【16】It is a great pleasure to talk with him. 和他谈话时件非常愉快的事情
【17】It is a glorious death to die for the people.为人民而牺牲是光荣的牺牲
注意也常用"It is+形容词+动词不定式短语"这样的句型：
【18】It is necessary to make a plan for this course of study.必须订一个学习这门课程的计划。
【19】It is not difficult to learn a foreign if you spend time and effort on it. 小只要你花时间下功夫，学好一门外国语并不难。
【20】It's just impossible to see that and not weep.看见那种情景而不哭是根本不可能的。(注意weep之前省去了to，以免重复)
（备注:当动词不定式比较长时，应该用it 作形式主语，把真正作主语不定式放到句子后面；动词不定前面可以加入for somebody 或者of somebody充当其逻辑主语；其句子结构为It is +形容词/名词+ for somebody / of somebody to do something;后面可以接of 的形容词：kind,bold,brave,clever,honest,stupidRight,wise;后面可以接for
的形容词有easy,difficult, important,heavy, necessary,possible )
(二）动词不定式(to do )作作宾语：主要是作某些特定的动词后面的宾语；需要熟练记住那些动词.
（一）跟不定时作宾语的动词有：
打算(intend)计划(plan)和期盼(expect/desire)假装(pretend)喜欢(would like/love/prefer)表祝愿(wish)
决定(decide)同意(agree)来帮助(help)设法(manage)说服(persuade)不拒绝(refuse)
好像(seem/appear)答应(promise)做努力(attempt)选择(choose)询问(ask)多学习(learn)
告诉(tell)失败(fail)也付得起(afford)不定式宾语要牢记 ！
afford to do sth. 担负得起做某事 agree to do sth. 赞同做某事 arrange to do sth.布置做某事 ask to do sth. 要求做某事
beg to do sth. 恳求做某事 care to do sth. 想要做某事 choose to do sth. 决议做某事 decide to do sth. 决议做某事
demand to do sth. 要求做某事 determine to do sth. 决计做某事expect to do sth. 等待做某事fear to do sth. 惧怕做某事
help to do sth. 协助做某事 hope to do sth. 希望做某事 learn to do sth. 学习做某事 manage to do sth. 设法做某事
offer to do sth. 自动提出做某事 plan to do sth. 计划做某事prepare to do sth. 预备做某事pretend to do sth. 伪装做某事
promise to do sth. 容许做某事 refuse to do sth. 回绝做某事 want to do sth. 想要做某事 wish to do sth. 希望做某事
注：有些不及物动词后习惯上也接不定式，不接动名词：
aim to do sth. 计划做某事 fail to do sth. 未能做某事long to do sth. 盼望做某事
happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事hesitate to do sth. 犹疑做某事struggle to do sth. 努力做某事
3、 would rather/had better 后的to省略。
例：I would rather go to Japan than the USA.我宁愿去日本也不想去美国。
You had better take a hat with you.你最好带上一顶帽子。
4、 why…/why not…句型中not后to省略。
例：why not come to my home for a dinner tonight?今晚何不来我家吃顿饭。
5、 help 后可带to，也可不带to, help sb （to） do sth：
6、 but和except后。but前是实义动词do时，后面出现的不定式不带to。
比较：He wants to do nothing but go out. 他只想出去玩。
He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. 除了吃这药，他什么都信。
7、 由and, or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省去：
例：He forgot to go to her home and give her the important letter. 他忘了去她家并把一封重要信件给她。
【1】 She promised to come back /return in half an hour 她答应半小时后回来
【1】He can not afford to buy a car 他买不起一辆汽车
【2】I hope to see you soon 我希望很快见到你
【3】I think it necessary to help each other 我认为相互帮助是必要的
【4】I find it impossible to get everything ready in time我觉得及时准备一切事情是不可能的
【5】He considered it better not to go 他认为还是不去为比较好
【6】He wants to be a village school teacher in a mountain area.他要做个山村教师。
【7】Do you like to watch football matches? 你喜欢看足球赛吗?
【8】Learn to walk before you run.先学走后学跑。【9】We decided to make changes in our plan.我们决定把计划做些修改。
1. 情态动词 （ 除ought 外） 后的to已省略。
例：You must go to the hospital first. 你必须先去医院。 I can swim well. 我能游得很好。
2.使役动词 let, have, make后，感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等词后的to省略。
例：He made the baby crying all night long. 他让那个婴儿哭了一整夜。 Let it be. 就这样吧。
when I passed by, I saw the girl picking the flowers. 我经过的时候，看见那个女孩在摘花。
注意：在这些词的用法中，用于被动语态时不能省去to。
例：I saw him dance. 我看见他跳舞。 =He was seen to dance.
The boss made them work the whole night. 老板让他们整夜干活。 =They were made to work the whole night.
(备注：能接动词不定式作宾语的动词有
agree; begin;choose;decide;hope;learn;like;offer;pretend;Promise;refuse;start;want;wish;fail;plan;
动词不定式(to do )作宾语补足语(不定式复合结构）：主要是接特定动词后面做宾语补足语有
“to ”不定式有些接不带“to ”不定式后面接动词不定式做宾语补足语（复合宾语）的动词
接不定式作宾补的36个常用动词
当动词不定式后面带补足语时，可以用it 作形式宾语，并把真正作宾语动词不定式放在句子后面;
不定式作宾语后可以接补语的动词有：feel,find,judge,make,think,believe,consider )
advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事： allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事ask sb. to do sth.请（叫）某人做某事：
bear sb. to do sth.忍耐某人做某事 beg sb. to do sth. 恳求某人做某事： cause sb. to do sth. 招致某人做某事
command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事：drive sb. to do sth .驱使某人做某事 elect sb. to do sth. 选举某人做某事
encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓舞某人做某事 expect sb. to do sth. 希冀某人做某事：forbid sb. to do sth. 制止某人做某事
force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事 get sb. to do sth. 使（要）某人做某事 hate sb. to do sth. 厌恶某人做某事：
help sb. to do sth. 协助某人做某事 intend sb. to do sth. 计划要某人做某事：invite sb. to do sth. 约请某人做某事
leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事： like sb. to do sth. 喜欢某人做某事 mean sb. to do sth. 计划要某人做某事：
need sb. to do sth. 需求某人做某事 oblige sb. to do sth. 迫使某人做某事：order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事
permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事：persuade sb. to do sth. 压服某人做某事 prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事：
request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事 remind sb. to do sth. 提示某人做某事 teach sb. to do sth .教某人做某事
tell sb. to do sth. 通知某人做某事 train sb. to do sth. 训练某人做某事 trouble sb. to do sth. 费事某人做某事：
want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 warn sb. to do sth. 正告某人做某事 ：wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事
注：不要受汉语意思的影响：
汉语“原谅某人做某事”，英语可说成excuse [forgive] sb. for doing sth.。汉语的“希望某人做某事”英语可说成wish sb. to do sth.。
汉语的“建议某人做某事”，英语可说成advise sb. to do sth.。汉语的“布置某人做某事”，英语可说成arrange for sb. to do sth.。
汉语的“要求某人做某事”，英语可说成demand of sb. to do sth.。汉语的“感激某人做某事”，英语可说成thank sb. for doing sth.。
汉语“恭喜某人做某事”，英语可说成congratulate sb. on doing sth.汉语“阻止某人做某事”英语可说成prevent sb. from doing sth.。
【一】 接动词原形作宾补的11个常用动词
feel sb. do sth. 觉得某人做某事：have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做某事：let sb. do sth.让某人做某事
listen to sb. do sth. 听着某人做某事：look at sb. do sth. 看着某人做某事 make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事：
notice sb. do sth. 留意某人做某事 observe sb. do sth. 察看某人做某事 see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事
watch sb. do sth. 察看某人做某事
【1】I want him to come 我想他来【2】We consider him to be a good teacher 我们认为他是一个好老师
（备注：不定式可以和名词及代词构动词成复合结构；这样动词有：ask,tell, invite,allow,force,compel, oblige,help, wish,
permit,want,like,prefer, expect,advise,persuade, order ,urge,command,get.
【3】I will get someone to repair the computer for you. 我们将会安排人为你修理那台电脑
【4】May I invite you to be present at the meeting?我可以邀请你出席这场会议吗？
【5】The burglar forced this man to open his safe with gun这个窃贼用枪逼迫那个人打开他的保险箱
【6】I saw the train come into the station 我看见火车开进了这个车站
【7】He does not let her go home alone 他不让他单独回家
【8】What makes you think like that ?是什么让你那么认为的？
【9】We often hear him sing this old song 我们经常听见他唱这首老歌
【10】He is often heard to sing this old song 他被别人听见唱了这首歌曲
【11】He got someone to repair the door.他请人修理门。
【12】I persuaded my brother to change his mind.我说服我弟弟改变了主意。
【13】The doctor advised him to take a good rest.大夫劝他好好休息。
【14】Make the past serve the present and foreign things serve China.古为今用，洋为中用。
【15】He let me go home.他让我回家。
【16】We must have someone repair the refrigerator.我们必须叫人来修电冰箱。
【17】I heard him speak in the next room.我听到池在隔壁房间里讲话。
【18】Mother is helping pat (to) clean her shoes.妈妈正帮蓓蒂刷鞋子。
(备注，在一感feel ,二听hear ,listen to ,三使have,let,make,五看 see,observe,notice,watch,
look at 等动词后面跟复合宾语时，不定式“to"需要省略；但是被动语态”to"要加上口诀 一感五看三使两听=已感吾看三室两厅)
不带“TO”的几种不定式几种特殊情况
（2）同一结构中的省略(and/ or )
【11】I want to finish my homework and go home 我想完成我家庭作业后然后再回家
I am really puzzled what to think or say 对想什么，说什么，我真的感觉很迷惑
特殊情况：To be or not to be , this is a question 是还是不是，这个是个问题
【12】 He is better to laugh than to cry (表示对比） 他笑起来要比哭起来要更好
（3）不定式作表语一般后面要加他“to”，但是前面如果有“do”时，则后面“to”应该省略
【13】The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,not to make it more difficult.
新技术的目的时生活变得更容易而不是更困难
【14】What he did was lose the game 他所做的事输了这场比赛
【15】All that he can do is walk home 他所能做的事走着回家
5.句子中含有动词do时，except ,but,besides,such as等后面to 省略
【16】Don't do anything silly, such as marry him 不要做傻事，像嫁个了他
【17】He wants to moved to France and marry this girl他想移居法国然后娶了这个女孩
【18】He wants to do nothing but go out 除了出去，他什么事情都不想做
【19】She has no choice but to accept this method 除了接受这个方法，她已经没有任何选择
【20】He wants to do anything except go to school除了去上学，他想做任何事情
【21】He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine除了吃药，他什么都相信
6.主句含有不定式why,why not, had better,或者rather than , can't but后省略to
【22】He could not but walk home 他不得不走路回去
【23】Why not try going by a boat for a change 为什么不改变一下，坐船去了呢？
【24】Why not take a holiday 为什么不度个假呢？
【25】You had better do this job by yourself 你最好还是亲自做这个工作
【26】He would rather die on his feet than live on his knees 他宁愿站着光荣牺牲，也不要跪着求活
通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand等词后，可以省去to be：
【27】He is supposed (to be) nice. 他应该是个好人。
第二种：动名词详细用法：动名词具有“名词”功能，在句中作动词宾语用法
（1）接动名词（不接不定式）作宾语的34个常用动词
admit doing sth. 供认做某事 advise doing sth. 建议做某事 allow doing sth. 允许做某事
appreciate doing sth. 感谢做某事 avoid doing sth. 防止做某事 consider doing sth. 思索做某事
delay doing sth. 推延做某事 deny doing sth. 否认做某事 discuss doing sth. 讨论做某事
dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事 enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 escape doing sth. 逃脱做某事
excuse doing sth. 原谅做某事 fancy doing sth. 想象做某事 finish doing sth. 完成做某事
forbid doing sth. 制止做某 forgive doing sth. 原谅做某事 give up doing sth. 保持做某事
imagine doing sth. 想象做某事 understand doing sth. 了解做某事 keep doing sth. 坚持做某事
mention doing sth. 提及做某事 mind doing sth. 介意做某事 miss doing sth. 错过做某事
pardon doing sth. 原谅做某事 permit doing sth. 允许做某事 practice doing sth. 练习做某事
prevent doing sth. 阻止做某事 prohibit doing sth. 制止做某事 put off doing sth. 推延做某事
report doing sth.报告做某事 risk doing sth.冒险做某事 stop doing sth.中止做某事 suggest doing sth.建议做某事
考虑（consider）完成（finish）多练习（practise）避免（avoid）冒险（risk）求建议（suggest/recoomend）
面对（face）喜欢（enjoy/appreciate）和介意(mind) 允许（allow）承认（admit/permit）或放弃(give up/abandon)
推迟（put off/delay/postphone）逃避（escape）不原谅（excuse/pardon）提及（mention）坚持(keep/insist on）要想象（imagine/fancy）还有词组feel like 和can’t stand！
有些动词后面既可接不定式，又可接动名词，其意义基本相同，区别不大。接不定式或动名词作宾语意思相同的12个动词：如；like，love，hate，prefer． begin，start.,start,continue,cannot bear,r,propose,regret.
I hate speaking before a big audience. I like reading books. I'd like to read that book.
like to do sth / like doing sth. 喜欢做某事 love to do sth / love doing sth. 喜欢做某事
hate to do sth / hate doing sth. 憎恶做某事 prefer to do sth / prefer doing sth. 宁可做某事
begin to do sth / begin doing sth. 开端做某事 start to do sth / start doing sth. 开端做某事 continue to do sth / continue doing sth. 持续做某事can't bear to do sth / can't bear doing sth. 不能忍耐做某事
bother to do sth / bother doing sth. 费事做某事intend to do sth / intend doing sth.想要做某事
attempt to do sth / attempt doing sth.试图做某事cease to do sth / cease doing sth.中止做某事注意：begin和start本身为进行时，或后面动词为心理变化意义的动词时，须接不定式。
例如：When we came in, they were beginning to have supper.
After his explanation, I began to understand it / realize that I was wrong.
（一） 在动词remember, try, regret, forget, need/want/require， stop, mean等后跟动名词V-和不定式意
同，巧记一句话（记住努力；后悔忘记；需要停止；很有意义），学习采用对比法：
接不定式或动名词作宾语意思不同的9个动词且意思不同的动词
(后悔)后接不定式表示动作尚未发生，后接动名词(可用一般式或完成式)表示动作已经发生。
remember to do something记着去做某事（现在还没有做）（记住要做某事）
Remember to post the letters. 记得把这些信寄掉。
remember doing something记着曾做过某事（以前做过某事）（记住曾做过某事）
I remember posting the letters. 我记得这些信是寄掉了的。
forget to do sth. 遗忘要做某事I forgot to tell him the news. 我忘告诉他这消息了。
forget doing sth. 遗忘曾做过某事I forgot telling her the news. 我忘了曾告诉过她这个消息。
try to do something努力、尽力做某事（设法要做某事）
try doing something试着做某事（看能否达到预期的结果）（做某事试试看有何效果）
stop to do something开始做某事（停下正在做的事，开始做另一事）
stop doing something停止做某事（停止正在做的事）
regret to do something对将来做的事感到遗憾、惋惜（懊悔（遗憾）要做某事）
I regret to tell you that he can’t come. 很抱歉他不能来。
regret doing something对已经做过的事感到后悔（懊悔（遗憾）曾做过某事）
She never regretted doing this. 她从没后悔这样做过。
mean to do something打算,想，意图…（计划做某事）mean doing something意味着（意味着做某事）
want/require/need to be done某事需要做
want/require/need doing某事需要做(这时动名词和主语之间有动宾关系)如: The room needs cleaning/needs to be cleaned)
can’t help to do sth.不能帮助做某事（不能协助做某事）
I can’t help to clean the place up. 我不能帮助打扫这地方。
can’t help doing sth.禁不住做某事（禁不住做某事）
He couldn’t help crying when he heard the news.他听到这个消息时禁不住哭了。
go on to do sth.做完某预先接着做另一事
Go on to do the other exercises after you have finished this one.做完这个练习后,请接着做其它的练习。
go on doing sth.持续做不断在做的事You oughtn’t to go on living this way.你不应该再这样生活下去了。
She nodded, smiled, and went on stitching. 她点了点头，笑了笑，又继续缝衣服。
注：stop to do sth. 与stop doing sth.也不同，前者指停下来去做某事，后者指中止正在做的事。
（二）请牢记在下列固定句式中，动词用V-ing式：
There is no point arguing further. 再争辩下去没有意义。It is no good doing that. 那样做没有用。
It is no use telling his father about it. 告诉他父亲那件事没用。He enjoys listening to music （他喜欢听音乐）(作及物动词宾语）
Jack will finish writing the letter in half an hour 杰克在半小时写完这封信（作及物动词宾语）
The law does not permit camping in this forest 法律不允许在这个森林野营(作及物动词宾语）
please stop talking.请不要讲话。You must practice reading English aloud.你应练习朗读英语。
The foreign visitors enjoyed seeing Chinese acrobatics.外宾喜欢看中国杂技。(动名词seeing作宾语)
She is very fond of dancing （她非常喜欢跳舞）（作介词宾语）
Excuse me for coming late （对不起，我来晚了）（作介词宾语）
He left without saying anything (他一声不吭地走了）（作介词宾语）
There is no possibility of opening a club in this city 在该城市开一个俱乐不是没有可能的（作介词宾语）
Do you mind my opening the window（物主代词+动名词复合结构作宾语）（你介意我/我可以/打开窗户吗？）
They insisted on my staying there for supper 他们坚持留我下吃晚饭（物主代词+动名词复合结构作宾语）
Aunt Liu was very happy about Wang's coming to see her.刘大娘很高兴王来看她。(Wang's coming作介词about的宾语)
We are looking forward to the expert's coming to speak to us.
我们盼望那位专家来给我们作报告。(the expert's coming作look forward to的宾语)
He Hated himself for not having worked hard.他悔恨自己没有用功。
My sister is fond of reading novels.我姐姐喜欢看小说。
We're tired of having the same kind of food everyday.我们对天天吃同样的饭菜感到厌倦。
Instead of going to Zhongshan park，they went to the ZOO.他们没有去中山公园，到动物园去了。
Mr. Bush earns his living by teaching.布什先生以教书为生。He was punished for stealing.他因偷盗受到惩罚。
（6）动名词具有“形容词”功能 在句中作定语的用法追问
麻烦请看清题目，问非所答！！
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