should与高考题的用法

Answer 1

should 一词在中学英语课本中出现频率很高。它的用法灵活、含义丰富,因而一直是历年高考关注的热点。现将其具体用法分述如下：
一 . should 作为助动词 shall 的过去式，可以在间接引语中与第一人称主语搭配，表示过去将来时间。例如：
The group leader announced that we should （= would ） begin to work soon.
小组长宣布：我们不久就开始工作.
A week ago, I told him that I should （= would） go to Beijing the next day.
一个星期以前，我告诉他我第二天就去北京。
二 . should 作为情态动词，通常用来表示现在或将来的责任或义务，译作“应该”、“应当”,这时它可以和 ought to, be supposed to 互换使用。例如：
You should （= are supposed to ） complete your test in time.
你们应该按时做完你们的实验。
You should （= ought to ） tell your mother about it at once.
你应该立即把此事告诉你妈妈.
In sum, theory should be combined with practice.
总之,理论应该与实验相结合。
三 . should 作为情态动词，可以用在条件状语从句中，表示语气较强的假设，译作“万一”、“竟然”,这时也可将 should 置于从句之首,即将 should 放在主语前面,而省略从属连词 if .例如：
If you should fail to come, ask Mrs Chen to work in your place. （= Should you fail to come, ask Mrs Chen to work in your place. ） 万一你来不了,就叫陈夫人代替你.
If anyone should come, say I am not at home. （= Should anyone come, say I am not at home. ） 万一有人来访,就说我不在家.
If it should rain tomorrow, I wouldn't go. （= Should it rain tomorrow, I wouldn't go.）
万一明天天下雨,我就不去了.
四 . should 作为情态动词,可以表示谦逊、客气、委婉之意,译为“可……”、“倒……”.例如：
I should say that it would be better to try it again.
我倒是认为最好再试一试.
You are mistaken, I should say. 据我看,你搞错了.
He should expect their basketball team to win the match.
他倒是希望他们的篮球队赢得这场比赛的胜利.
Should you like some tea ? 你可喜欢喝茶?
五 . should 作为情态动词,可以用来表示意外、惊喜或者在说话人看来是不可思议的.尤其在以 why, who, how 等开头的修辞疑问句或某些感叹句中常常译为“竟会”、“居然”.例如：
How should I know it ? 我怎么会知道这件事?
Why should you be so late today ? 你今天怎么来得这么晚?
When I went out, whom should I meet but my old friend Xiao Li ! 当我出去时,想不到竟会碰见我的老朋友小李!
I don't see any reason why he shouldn't be happy.
我不明白为什么他居然不愉快.
六 . should 作为情态动词,可以用来表示有较大可能实现的猜测、推论,通常译为“可能”、“总该……吧”,相当于 be expected to .例如：
They should be home by now, I think. 我想现在他们总该到家了吧.
The report was written after a careful investigation, so it should be reliable.
这份报告是经过周密调查后才写成的,所以应该是可靠的.
七 . should 作为情态动词,用在由 so that, for fear that, lest 引导的目的状语从句和 in case （that） 引导的条件状语从句中,有“能够”、“可能”、“会”之意.例如：
They got up early so that they should （= could/ might） catch the first bus in time.
他们起得很早以便能及时赶上头班公交车.
He is working hared for fear that he should fall behind others.
他努力工作,唯恐落在别人后面.
We went over the document again and again lest we should miss any of the main points.
我们把文件看了一遍又一遍,唯恐忽略了其中的什么要点.
He took an umbrella in case （that） it should rain.
他带了一把雨伞,以防天下雨.
八 . should 作为情态动词,可以用于下列虚拟语气句中：
1. 用在表示与将来事实相反的条件状语从句中,构成“ If …… should （do sth）……, …… would/ could/ might （do sth.） …… ”句式.例如：
If it should （或 were to ） rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off. （= Should it rain tomorrow/ Were it to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off.）
如果明天天下雨,运动会就会延期举行.
2. 用在 suggest （propose）, arrange, plan, decide, advise, order, demand, request, desire, insist 等表示“建议”、“要求”、“命令”、“决定”、“安排”、“计划”、“主张”的动词后面接的宾语从句中.这里的 should 也可以省略.例如：
He suggested/ proposed/ demanded/ advised that they （should） read the rules carefully.
他建议 / 提议 / 要求 / 劝告他们要仔细阅读这些规则.
The doctor ordered that she （should） stay in bed for another week.
医生嘱咐她再卧床休息一个星期.
He insisted that we （should ）take up the matter at the meeting.
他坚持要我们在会上提出这个问题.
3. 用在“ It is desired/ suggested/ requested/ ordered/ proposed/ decided ”之后由 that 引导的主语从句中, should 也可以省略.例如：
It is requested that Miss Yang （should） give a performance at the party.
人们要求杨小姐在聚会上表演一个节目.
It has been arranged （planned） that they （should） leave the following week.
已经安排（计划）让他们下星期动身.
It has been decided that the meeting （should） be postponed till next Saturday.
已经决定会议推迟到下周六举行.
4. 用在 suggestion, motion, proposal, order, plan, idea, advice, request, decision, requiry 等名词后面接的表语从句或同位语从句中, should 也可以省略.例如：
We all agreed to his suggestion （proposal） that we （should） go to Nanjing for a visit.
我们都同意他提出的要我们到南京去游览的建议.（ should 用于同位语从句中）
My idea/ motion/ advice/ is that we （should） do more eye exercises every day.
我的意见是我们每天应该多做眼保健操.（ should 用于表语从句中）
5. 用在“ It is / was necessary/ important/ strange/ incredible ”或“ It is a pity/ a shame/ no wonder ”之后由 that 引导的主语从句中, should 有“应该”、“必须”、“竟然”、“居然”之意.例如：
It is necessary that he （should） be sent there at once. 有必要马上派他到那里去.
It is strange that the wheel should turn so slowly.
真奇怪,这个轮子竟然转动得如此之慢.
It is a great pity/ shame/ that he should be so conceited.
真遗憾,他竟会这样自高自大.
九 . “ should have + - ed 分词”结构用来表达下述意义：
1. 表示“应该已经……”,“本来应该……”,即过去该做某事但实际没有做,其否定式“ shouldn't have + - ed 分词”意为“本来不应该……”.例如：
These cells should have been kept in somedry places. 这些电池本来应该放（保存）在干燥的地方.（但实际上没有把它们放在干燥的地方.）
You shouldn't have dept those cells in the damp place. 你本来不该把那些电池放在潮湿的地方.（但实际上已经把它们放到潮湿的地方了.）
2. 表示“（估计）应该已经……”,“大概已经……”,即对过去情况的推测.例如：
They left at nine, so they should have arrived （= probably have arrived） home by now.
他们是九点钟走的,现在应该已经到家了.
They should have finished their work, for they began to do it so early.
他们很早就开始工作,现在大概已经干完了.
3. 意为“竟然已经……”,“居然已经……”,即表示说话人对已经出现的事态感到“惊奇、惊喜、怀疑”.例如：
I'm surprised that he should have been so foolish. 我很奇怪,他竟然会这么傻.
I'm amazed that Mr Harris should have said nothing about the matter.
这件事,哈里斯先生竟然只字未提,对此我大为惊异.
It is wonderful that you should have achieved so much these years.
这几年你竟然取得如此大的成就,你真了不起.
此外, should 还可以出现在“ should be doing sth ”或“ should have been doing sth ”等句式中,表示“应该正在……”或表示说话人的某种不满情绪.例如：
Why should we be sitting here doing nothing? 我们干嘛坐在这里闲着?
You should be wearing a mask. 你应当戴着口罩.
She shouldn't be working like that. She is still so weak.
她不应当那样干.她身体还很虚弱.
You should have been waiting for us. Why haven't you? 你应当等着我们的.怎么没有等?

Answer 2

Should在高考中的考点
一、表示惊异、遗憾、不满等语气。
1.与疑问词how, why等连用，有"竟、会"之意。例如：
①Why should you stand there like a fool?你怎么像傻子一样站在那里？
(should+do表示现在的情况。)
②How should I know? Has it anything to do with me?我怎么知道？这和我有什么关系？
③I don't know why you should have told him that much.我不明白你为什么跟他说那么多。
(should+have done表示已发生的情况。)
2.在It's surprising/ strange/ a pity...以及I'm surprised/ sorry...等句型中，当"竟然会"讲。例如：
①It's surprising that you should be so foolish.真令人吃惊，你竟会如此愚蠢！(现在)
②It's surprising that you should have failed to pass such an exam.真令人吃惊，这样的考试你竟然不及格。(已发生)
3.单独用"should (not) +have+过去分词"形式，对已发生的事表示遗憾或责备，表达"本该或不该"之意。例如：
①He also learns that he should have cared more about his friends.他还明白了他本应该多关心朋友。(高一课本上册P4)
②He shouldn't have let out the secret.他本不该泄露秘密的。(实际情况是"他已泄密"。)
二、用于揣测，表示可能或期望，意思是"照理说来、应该"。
在语气上should比must弱，但比may/ might强；shouldn't比
can't弱，但强于may/ might not。例如：
①I should be home in about ten minutes.照理说来，约十分钟后我就能到家。(高一课本上册P59)
②He should be having class now.他现在应该是在上课。
③As far as I know you shouldn't have any problems there.就我所知，在那里你不会遇到任何问题。
④According to the schedule, they should have arrived in Shanghai by now/ yesterday.按照计划，他们现在/昨天应该已经到达上海了吧。
(注：本句中的"should+have done"结构并不表示责备，仅表示说话人的揣测。)
三、表示建议和要求，当"应该"讲。
1.表示说话人的意向。例如：
①I think a friend should be kind.我认为朋友应该是善良的。(高一课本上册P1)
②You should not go rafting unless you know how to swim, and you should always wear a life jacket.如果不会游泳，你就不能去漂流；而且(漂流时)应该穿救生衣。(高一课本上册P18)
③Should the naughty boy be punished?那个调皮的男孩该受惩罚吗？
④It's necessary/ important/ natural that we should do it again.我们应该重做。
2.在与某些表示"建议和要求"的动词或名词搭配的从句中，用"should+动词原形"的形式，表示"建议或要求做某事"，should可以省略。这类词常用的有：suggest(建议)/ suggestion, require, request, insist(坚持)等。例如：
①They suggested that Ed (should) start at 8 a.m..(宾语从句)
②It was suggested that Ed (should) start at 8 a.m..(主语从句)
③Ed received their suggestion that he (should) start at 8 a.m..(同位语从句)
④Their suggestion was that Ed (should) start at 8 a.m..(表语从句)
上述四个句子中的从句都表示建议的内容"Ed应该早八点出发"。
四、表示假设。
1.在虚拟条件句中用以加强假设语气，用"should+do"指将来的情况，当"万一(会)"讲。例如：
①If it should rain (=Should it rain) tomorrow, I should/ would stay at home.万一明天下雨的话，我就待在家里。
②Please call me if (=in case) you should need my help.万一需要我帮助的话，请给我打电话。(此句中should need可用need代替。)
2.在虚拟语气的主句中表示假设的结果，当"就会"讲。("should+do"表示现在或将来时间；"should+have done"表示过去或到目前为止的时间。)例如：
①If he were here, I should tell him the truth.如果他(现在)在这里的话，我就会告诉他真相。(事实是，他现在不在这里。)
②If I had been here yesterday, I should have taught him a good lesson.如果昨天我在这里，我就会好好教训他一顿。(事实是：我没教训他，因为我昨天没在这里。)
③I shouldn't have won without your help.如果没有你的帮助，我就赢不了。(事实是我已经获胜。)
另外，should还可以用于目的状语从句中，用法类似于假设语气，当"就会"讲。例如：
I turned down the radio so that it shouldn't wake the baby up.为不惊醒婴儿，我把收音机音量调小。
五、表示委婉语气。(用于第一人称)例如：
①I should say you are wrong.我得说你错了。
②I should like to have a look at your new stamp.我想看看你的新邮票。
六、指纯粹过去将来。例如：
I said I should come early.我说过我会早来。(其直接引语是："I shall come early," I said.)
请看下列与should有关的高考试题：
解题技巧提示：正确解题的关键在于正确理解语言环境，把握说话人的语气和句子中的时间信息从而正确理解句子含义。