不知是英文还是中文；
Hound of the Baskervilles, The
Published 1901
I ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Arthur Conan Doyle was born on May 22, 1859, in Edinburgh, Scotland. As a young man he seemed destined for a career in medicine. In 1876 he attended the University of Edinburgh Medical School. There he met Joseph Bell, whose deductive powers and dramatic flair he would later embody in the character of Sherlock Holmes. In the early 1880s he served as a medical officer on an Arctic whaling ship and ship's surgeon on a voyage to West Africa. By the summer of 1882, he had settled in the town of Southsea in the south of England. In 1885 he received his medical degree. Even after he was a well-established writer, he continued to pursue his medical education, becoming an eye specialist. His medical practice was unsuccessful, leaving him plenty of free time to write.
关于英国法律方面，他具有充分实用的知识。履历表：※1854年（出生） 福尔摩斯该年出生，祖父为世代乡绅（《希腊语译员》），成长环境不详，但从其年长七岁的哥哥在====工作来看（《希腊语译员》）（《证券经济人的书记员》），说明他家道中落（当时的绅士是不工作的）。有一位叫弗纳•凡尔奈的做医生的远亲（《诺伍德的建筑师》）。兄弟大概都是由乳母南妮养大的。
※1861年（7岁） 进入贵族学校（寄宿制度）或是请家庭教师接受教育。祖母是法国拿破仑时代的画家贺拉斯•凡尔奈的妹妹。福尔摩斯自认为他也继承了这样的血统（血液中的这种艺术成分很容易有最奇特的遗传形式《希腊语译员》）。福尔摩斯家里形成了良好的音乐气氛，少年时代开始学习拉小提琴。
※1867年（13岁） 虽然当时的贵族子弟一般都要进入公学（贵族和上流社会子弟，主动体育的学校），但福尔摩斯对这种学校常设的体育项目橄榄球不感兴趣，所以就没有进入这种学校。而是请家庭教师继续传授知识（《新娘失踪事件》）
※1872年（18岁） 进入大学，传说福尔摩斯读的是著名的牛津或剑桥大学。在那时，他不喜好集体体育活动，而喜欢击剑和拳击，专业为化学（《格洛里亚•斯科特号之迷》）。似乎认同『文学知识等于零』这个观点，而且还因此遭到过华生的嘲笑。
※1873年（19岁） 一年级的最后一个学期，因被同级威克多•特雷佛的狗咬伤，两人便熟识起来，之后的一个夏天，福尔摩斯受邀去威克多•特雷佛家做客，在特雷佛的父亲提醒下，意识到自己有做侦探的条件（当时福尔摩斯的推理、观察能力就已经非常强了）。同年侦破了《格洛里亚•斯科特号之迷》案件。暑假期间，他多半时间沉迷于化学时间中（《格洛里亚•斯科特号之迷》）。
※1874年（20岁） 大学的最后一段曰子，同学们盛传他的推理方法（《马斯格雷夫礼典》）
※1875年（21岁） 大学毕业。
※1877年（23岁） 他开始在大英博物馆附近从事侦探工作，为数极少的工作间隙，积极去研究各门科学，为将来打基础。生活得很艰难。
※1878年（24岁） 侦破了（《跛足的里科特和他可恶妻子案》）
※1879年（25岁） 受同学雷金纳德•马斯格雷夫的委托，侦破了（《马斯格雷夫礼典》）。
※1881年（27岁） 在圣巴罗米医院，通过朋友斯坦弗的介绍，福尔摩斯与退役军医华生结识，并合租了贝克街221号B室。并介绍雷斯垂德和葛莱森给华生认识。同年侦破了《血字的研究》一案。
※1882年（28岁） 华生开始记录案子《五个橘核》。福尔摩斯开始出名，并以『工作本身就是报酬』安慰过海伦•斯托纳。
※1883年（29岁） 同年四月侦破《斑点带子案》。
※1887年（33岁） 因侦破《荷兰----苏门答腊公司案》和《莫波吐依兹男爵的庞大计划案》而在欧洲声名大噪。也因疲劳过度而病倒，前往萨里郡的赖盖特修养（《赖盖特之迷》）。同年四月侦破《赖盖特之迷》。
※1888年（34岁） 一月侦破了《恐怖谷》一案。同年七月侦破了《四个签名》案件。福尔摩斯发表了《各种烟草的鉴别》、《脚印探索》、《职业对手形造成的影响》等几篇文章。侦破了《希腊语译员》一案，而且发表的文章也得到了好评。同年十月，福尔摩斯开始服用可卡因，令华生大为其担心。
※1889年（35岁） 华生与《四个签名》案子中的摩斯坦小姐结婚后而离开贝克街，但仍经常与福尔摩斯一起办案。同年三月，侦破《波西米亚丑闻》案，而且因案中的艾琳•艾德勒而改变了福尔摩斯小看女人的看法。并首次称华生为『我的传记』作者（《波西米亚丑闻》）。同年六月，侦破《歪唇男人》、《驼背人》、《证券经济人的书记员》及《博斯科姆比溪谷》案件。同年七月侦破《海军协定》一案。且是福尔摩斯为维护国家利益所侦破的案件。同年九月侦破《工程师的大拇指》与《五个橘核》案。同年十月侦破《巴斯克维尔的猎犬》一案。
※1890年（36岁） 秋季侦破《红发会》案件。同年十一月发生《临终的侦探》事件同年十二月侦破《蓝色石榴石》一案。从冬季到春季，福尔摩斯都在法国====工作。为追踪莫里亚蒂教授而和华生去了欧洲。
※1891年（37岁） 《最后一案》中福尔摩斯和宿敌莫里亚蒂教授在瑞士的莱辛巴赫瀑布决一死战。此后便为空
，福尔摩斯的存在性推论
福尔摩斯的原型，据道尔自己在《真实的福尔摩斯》（The Truth About Sherlock Holmes）中叙述，是根据他的医学院导师Dr. Bell（也就是中国通常翻译的贝尔教授）而来。但是，就是贝尔本人似乎不喜欢这样的说法。我个人也觉得这是道尔在那位真实原型的要求下误导读者。
我觉得歇洛克很可能真实存在于伦敦。当然，这位侦探先生不叫福尔摩斯也不住在贝克街221B，但他大概是道尔爵士的朋友，而且也和歇洛克做类似的“咨询侦探”工作。也就是说，我认为福尔摩斯是来自于真人原型的。他的个性大概不会象福尔摩斯那么鲜明，他的演绎法大概也不会每次都管用，但这个伦敦的天才侦探是存在的。歇洛克最重要的几个案件－四签名，巴斯克威尔的猎犬，血字的研究和冒险史中大部分的案件可能都是这位真实侦探的办案记录。而归来记和新探案中的案件大概有一半以上是柯南道尔虚构的。特别是到了新探案后期的案件，可能都是道尔编造的。这里有两种可能，一是这位真实的侦探去世了，或者他真的象歇洛克后来一样隐退了。而当时柯南道尔和报社签了合同进行连载，不可能中途停笔，所以不得不编造。而冒险史和归来记中少数看上去很糟糕的故事，大概也是因为当时没有好的案件可以写而编造的。
关于这个理论的直接证据的确没有。但是，近年来有许多美国研究者（比如Saul Cohen 的“Notes for an Essay on Holmes and Holmes”）把美国一位也姓福尔摩斯的法官Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr和大师联系在一起。说他和大师可能是堂兄弟之类之类。
温森特?斯塔瑞特（Vincent Starrett）在他的著名福尔摩斯研究《福尔摩斯的私生活》（The Private Life of Sherlock Holmes ）中也提到他曾经在伦敦图书馆里找到作者为亨利?华生(Henry Watson)的医学著作。这与其说是华生那位酗酒的哥哥的作品，不如说华生在纪录福尔摩斯案件的时候使用了约翰（John）这个假名。
Hound of the Baskervilles, The
Published 1901
I ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Arthur Conan Doyle was born on May 22, 1859, in Edinburgh, Scotland. As a young man he seemed destined for a career in medicine. In 1876 he attended the University of Edinburgh Medical School. There he met Joseph Bell, whose deductive powers and dramatic flair he would later embody in the character of Sherlock Holmes. In the early 1880s he served as a medical officer on an Arctic whaling ship and ship's surgeon on a voyage to West Africa. By the summer of 1882, he had settled in the town of Southsea in the south of England. In 1885 he received his medical degree. Even after he was a well-established writer, he continued to pursue his medical education, becoming an eye specialist. His medical practice was unsuccessful, leaving him plenty of free time to write.
关于英国法律方面，他具有充分实用的知识。履历表：※1854年（出生） 福尔摩斯该年出生，祖父为世代乡绅（《希腊语译员》），成长环境不详，但从其年长七岁的哥哥在====工作来看（《希腊语译员》）（《证券经济人的书记员》），说明他家道中落（当时的绅士是不工作的）。有一位叫弗纳•凡尔奈的做医生的远亲（《诺伍德的建筑师》）。兄弟大概都是由乳母南妮养大的。
※1861年（7岁） 进入贵族学校（寄宿制度）或是请家庭教师接受教育。祖母是法国拿破仑时代的画家贺拉斯•凡尔奈的妹妹。福尔摩斯自认为他也继承了这样的血统（血液中的这种艺术成分很容易有最奇特的遗传形式《希腊语译员》）。福尔摩斯家里形成了良好的音乐气氛，少年时代开始学习拉小提琴。
※1867年（13岁） 虽然当时的贵族子弟一般都要进入公学（贵族和上流社会子弟，主动体育的学校），但福尔摩斯对这种学校常设的体育项目橄榄球不感兴趣，所以就没有进入这种学校。而是请家庭教师继续传授知识（《新娘失踪事件》）
※1872年（18岁） 进入大学，传说福尔摩斯读的是著名的牛津或剑桥大学。在那时，他不喜好集体体育活动，而喜欢击剑和拳击，专业为化学（《格洛里亚•斯科特号之迷》）。似乎认同『文学知识等于零』这个观点，而且还因此遭到过华生的嘲笑。
※1873年（19岁） 一年级的最后一个学期，因被同级威克多•特雷佛的狗咬伤，两人便熟识起来，之后的一个夏天，福尔摩斯受邀去威克多•特雷佛家做客，在特雷佛的父亲提醒下，意识到自己有做侦探的条件（当时福尔摩斯的推理、观察能力就已经非常强了）。同年侦破了《格洛里亚•斯科特号之迷》案件。暑假期间，他多半时间沉迷于化学时间中（《格洛里亚•斯科特号之迷》）。
※1874年（20岁） 大学的最后一段曰子，同学们盛传他的推理方法（《马斯格雷夫礼典》）
※1875年（21岁） 大学毕业。
※1877年（23岁） 他开始在大英博物馆附近从事侦探工作，为数极少的工作间隙，积极去研究各门科学，为将来打基础。生活得很艰难。
※1878年（24岁） 侦破了（《跛足的里科特和他可恶妻子案》）
※1879年（25岁） 受同学雷金纳德•马斯格雷夫的委托，侦破了（《马斯格雷夫礼典》）。
※1881年（27岁） 在圣巴罗米医院，通过朋友斯坦弗的介绍，福尔摩斯与退役军医华生结识，并合租了贝克街221号B室。并介绍雷斯垂德和葛莱森给华生认识。同年侦破了《血字的研究》一案。
※1882年（28岁） 华生开始记录案子《五个橘核》。福尔摩斯开始出名，并以『工作本身就是报酬』安慰过海伦•斯托纳。
※1883年（29岁） 同年四月侦破《斑点带子案》。
※1887年（33岁） 因侦破《荷兰----苏门答腊公司案》和《莫波吐依兹男爵的庞大计划案》而在欧洲声名大噪。也因疲劳过度而病倒，前往萨里郡的赖盖特修养（《赖盖特之迷》）。同年四月侦破《赖盖特之迷》。
※1888年（34岁） 一月侦破了《恐怖谷》一案。同年七月侦破了《四个签名》案件。福尔摩斯发表了《各种烟草的鉴别》、《脚印探索》、《职业对手形造成的影响》等几篇文章。侦破了《希腊语译员》一案，而且发表的文章也得到了好评。同年十月，福尔摩斯开始服用可卡因，令华生大为其担心。
※1889年（35岁） 华生与《四个签名》案子中的摩斯坦小姐结婚后而离开贝克街，但仍经常与福尔摩斯一起办案。同年三月，侦破《波西米亚丑闻》案，而且因案中的艾琳•艾德勒而改变了福尔摩斯小看女人的看法。并首次称华生为『我的传记』作者（《波西米亚丑闻》）。同年六月，侦破《歪唇男人》、《驼背人》、《证券经济人的书记员》及《博斯科姆比溪谷》案件。同年七月侦破《海军协定》一案。且是福尔摩斯为维护国家利益所侦破的案件。同年九月侦破《工程师的大拇指》与《五个橘核》案。同年十月侦破《巴斯克维尔的猎犬》一案。
※1890年（36岁） 秋季侦破《红发会》案件。同年十一月发生《临终的侦探》事件同年十二月侦破《蓝色石榴石》一案。从冬季到春季，福尔摩斯都在法国====工作。为追踪莫里亚蒂教授而和华生去了欧洲。
※1891年（37岁） 《最后一案》中福尔摩斯和宿敌莫里亚蒂教授在瑞士的莱辛巴赫瀑布决一死战。此后便为空
，福尔摩斯的存在性推论
福尔摩斯的原型，据道尔自己在《真实的福尔摩斯》（The Truth About Sherlock Holmes）中叙述，是根据他的医学院导师Dr. Bell（也就是中国通常翻译的贝尔教授）而来。但是，就是贝尔本人似乎不喜欢这样的说法。我个人也觉得这是道尔在那位真实原型的要求下误导读者。
我觉得歇洛克很可能真实存在于伦敦。当然，这位侦探先生不叫福尔摩斯也不住在贝克街221B，但他大概是道尔爵士的朋友，而且也和歇洛克做类似的“咨询侦探”工作。也就是说，我认为福尔摩斯是来自于真人原型的。他的个性大概不会象福尔摩斯那么鲜明，他的演绎法大概也不会每次都管用，但这个伦敦的天才侦探是存在的。歇洛克最重要的几个案件－四签名，巴斯克威尔的猎犬，血字的研究和冒险史中大部分的案件可能都是这位真实侦探的办案记录。而归来记和新探案中的案件大概有一半以上是柯南道尔虚构的。特别是到了新探案后期的案件，可能都是道尔编造的。这里有两种可能，一是这位真实的侦探去世了，或者他真的象歇洛克后来一样隐退了。而当时柯南道尔和报社签了合同进行连载，不可能中途停笔，所以不得不编造。而冒险史和归来记中少数看上去很糟糕的故事，大概也是因为当时没有好的案件可以写而编造的。
关于这个理论的直接证据的确没有。但是，近年来有许多美国研究者（比如Saul Cohen 的“Notes for an Essay on Holmes and Holmes”）把美国一位也姓福尔摩斯的法官Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr和大师联系在一起。说他和大师可能是堂兄弟之类之类。
温森特?斯塔瑞特（Vincent Starrett）在他的著名福尔摩斯研究《福尔摩斯的私生活》（The Private Life of Sherlock Holmes ）中也提到他曾经在伦敦图书馆里找到作者为亨利?华生(Henry Watson)的医学著作。这与其说是华生那位酗酒的哥哥的作品，不如说华生在纪录福尔摩斯案件的时候使用了约翰（John）这个假名。
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第1个回答 2007-07-08
Hound of the Baskervilles, The
Published 1901
I ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Arthur Conan Doyle was born on May 22, 1859, in Edinburgh, Scotland. As a young man he seemed destined for a career in medicine. In 1876 he attended the University of Edinburgh Medical School. There he met Joseph Bell, whose deductive powers and dramatic flair he would later embody in the character of Sherlock Holmes. In the early 1880s he served as a medical officer on an Arctic whaling ship and ship's surgeon on a voyage to West Africa. By the summer of 1882, he had settled in the town of Southsea in the south of England. In 1885 he received his medical degree. Even after he was a well-established writer, he continued to pursue his medical education, becoming an eye specialist. His medical practice was unsuccessful, leaving him plenty of free time to write.
His first story was 'The Mystery of Sarassa Valley,' published in October 1879 in Chamber's Journal. He had trouble finding a publisher for his first Sherlock Holmes novel, A Study in Scarlet, which eventually appeared in Beeton's Christmas Annual for 1887. It and its successor, the novel The Sign of Four, published in 1890, were not popular at first. Conan Doyle himself regarded these early Holmes novels as mere entertainments to bring in some money while he concentrated on historical novels. He hoped to become a new Walter Scott, who had earned fame and respect with such novels as Ivanhoe (1820).
In 1891 Conan Doyle agreed to supply the new magazine the Strand with a series of Sherlock Holmes short stories. 'A Scandal in Bohemia' appeared in the magazine's July 1891 issue and was a popular sensation. For the rest of his life Conan Doyle was pressured by publishers and the general public to write more stories about Sherlock Holmes.
He tried to stop writing the stories a number of times. After his initial contract with the Strand was fulfilled, he demanded an outrageously large amount of money for new stories, hoping that the Strand would refuse. Instead, the magazine eagerly met his asking price. Then he tried killing Holmes off in 'The Final Problem,' the last of his second run of Holmes stories for the Strand. He received hate mail for killing Holmes and was besieged by publishers offering him huge sums of money to write more about Holmes. An American publisher finally offered more money than Conan Doyle could resist, and he agree to write The Hound of the Baskervilles.
Writing about Holmes offered Conan Doyle a ready way to earn money for the rest of his life. But it was the character of Professor Challenger rather than Sherlock Holmes that was Conan Doyle's favorite creation. In 1912 he published a science-fiction adventure, The Lost World, featuring the professor.
The death of his son during World War I (1914-1918) led Conan Doyle to seek out spiritualists and inspired in him a religious dedication to the spiritualist movement. This embarrassed friends and business associates. Spiritualism found its way into nearly all of Conan Doyle's writings of the 1920s, and even the hardheaded Professor Challenger is converted in The Land of Mist. Conan Doyle died on July 7, 1930, at Crowborough, Sussex.
Many critics have pointed out the similarities between Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson and their creator Arthur Conan Doyle. In real life, Conan Doyle sometimes employed detection techniques similar to those of Holmes to solve mysterious crimes. In the most famous such case, he proved that George Edalji, a lawyer, had been wrongfully convicted of a crime he could not have committed. Conan Doyle used such evidence as Edalji's astigmatism and the difference between the mud of roads and that of fields to demonstrate beyond doubt that Edalji was innocent and to expose the real criminal—a feat of detection worthy of Holmes. In addition, Dr. Watson shares characteristics with Conan Doyle. Both were robust men who were physically active for most of their lives. Both were physicians who served overseas. The tall and thicknecked Watson fits the description of Conan Doyle himself. Even so, readers should not take the similarities between the characters and the author beyond the superficial. Holmes and Watson are well-imagined figures with traits all their own.
II OVERVIEW
For many years, the region around the Baskerville estate was poor and backward, but when Sir Charles Baskerville returns to claim his estate, the region again begins to prosper. By devoting his vast fortune—earned in business—to better the community, Sir Charles fills the long-empty role of leadership that is the duty of the Baskervilles. But into this otherwise happy and orderly society comes disorder in the form of two utterly evil men. One is a convicted mass murderer escaped from prison, who lurks about on the moors; the other is Seldon, a clever criminal, who is insidious enough to corrupt the faithful Baskerville servants into the service of evil.
Even more unsettling is the terrible Hound of the Baskervilles. When the good Sir Charles Baskerville is murdered, an ancient curse on the family is revealed that now threatens Sir Henry, the new heir. For generations, the Baskerville family has been victimized by a giant, spectral hound that prowls the moors. The hound now seems to be loose again; it has claimed Sir Charles and appears ready to strike again. Is this a supernatural creature or merely part of someone's devious plot to supplant the rightful heirs of Baskerville Hall?
Sherlock Holmes is called upon to solve the mystery, and the intricate story builds to an extraordinary climax when the hound attacks: 'Fire burst from its open mouth, its eye glowed with a smoldering glare, its muzzle and hackles and dewlap were outlined in flickering flame.' A fiend from hell seems loosed upon Sir Henry.
III SETTING
The late Victorian setting of The Hound of the Baskervilles is an orderly one. In it, each person has a role to fill, and when every role is suitably filled, society prospers. But the social order is endangered by those bent on its destruction, and the villains come in many disguises.
The opening scenes place Sherlock Holmes in the comfortable surroundings of his home at 221B Baker Street in London. But quickly the action shifts to the dreary 'Grippen Mire,' a vast moor or bog-marsh area of England. This bleak and deserted wasteland provides a startling contrast to Holmes's refined London world. Reason seems to break down, and the atmosphere becomes eerie when it appears that a supernatural creature is responsible for the terrifying happenings on the moors. Conan Doyle carefully recreates both the Baskerville family history and the outlying areas around Baskerville Hall. The myth of the hound itself is reproduced through Dr. Mortimer's efforts and acts as necessary background.
As the story progress, the Grimpen Mire comes to symbolize an ominous mire of evil, where, to his horror, Dr. Watson hears the panic-stricken cries of moor ponies, captured by the muck that lurks beneath the deceptive vegetation. One false step means death, both in the moor where what looks like solid ground may suddenly give way and in a society where a seeming friend could be a clever murderer, or even a demon with a frighteningly huge hound at his command. For Holmes, the setting becomes as much of a clue to the nature of the crime as other physical clues. The middle passages of The Hound of the Baskervilles are among the most suspenseful in literature in large part because of the unrelieved atmosphere of doom that surrounds the well-drawn, appealing characters of Watson, Sir Henry, and Holmes.
IV THEMES AND CHARACTERS
Sherlock Holmes is a private investigator who operates out of his rooms at 221B Baker Street in London, England. Well-to-do, he takes only the cases that interest him. He is high-strung and restless, and, although he finds a creative emotional outlet in playing the violin, it is often not enough to amuse his troubled mind when he is not on a case. He then injects himself with cocaine. It takes years for his associate, Dr. Watson, to wean him away from his addiction but Watson is ultimately successful.
Holmes is tall and obsessively clean. His voice is 'cold, incisive, ironical.' A brilliant thinker, his education is at once broad and narrow. For example, although he is able to identify different brands of tobacco at a sniff, he knows nothing about astronomy until Dr. Watson explains to him that the earth orbits the sun.
In The Hound of the Baskervilles, Holmes displays his love of the chase; he is delighted at the opportunity to outwit the clever villain and foil his schemes. He is given to dramatic flair; he amazes listeners with his deductions from seemingly slight clues, and he enjoys disguising himself, as though he were an actor. For all his genius, however, he is fallible. In the stories, Professor Moriarty eludes him more than once, and sometimes he fails to adequately protect a client. In The Hound of the Baskervilles, he is at one point convinced that he has allowed the heir, Sir Henry Baskerville, to be killed. This element of uncertainty in Holmes's character enhances the appeal of his stories by allowing for genuine suspense because he occasionally makes mistakes.
Dr. John Watson is a robust man of action. He meets Holmes when looking for lodgings after serving as a military physician in Afghanistan. His steady temperament balances Holmes's own edgy one. As a physician, Watson's skills often come in handy when people are injured. Intelligent enough to understand Holmes's genius, robust enough to provide muscle when needed, courageous enough to follow Holmes into any adventure, and unswerving in his loyalty, he is an ideal companion for Holmes. It is Watson who narrates nearly all the tales of Holmes's adventures. He asks the questions that readers want answered and often remains in the dark alongside the readers because of Holmes's infuriating habit of keeping his plans secret until he has seen whether or not they will succeed.
Stapleton is a good example of Conan Doyle's archfiends who prey on the innocent. He is introduced as an eccentric naturalist and a highly respected authority on insects. Of uncertain origin and ancestry, he is described as a 'small, slim, clean-shaven, prim-faced man, flaxen-haired and lean-jawed, between thirty and forty years of age.' Physically unimpressive, he seems too frail and too naive to be a villain, but his mind is a keen one. He has plotted carefully, using the legend about a curse on the Baskervilles to further his devious designs.
V LITERARY QUALITIES
The techniques in The Hound of the Baskervilles are common to most Holmes mysteries. First, a client visits Holmes, and Holmes makes some clever deductions about him. Then the client introduces the problem that Holmes must solve. In this case, a country doctor, James Mortimer, tells Holmes of the strange death of Sir Charles Baskerville. An unusually observant man, Mortimer noted a giant paw print near the body and the cigar ash near the gate—both important clues and enough to arouse Mortimer's suspicions. In a typical case, Holmes would go to the scene of the crime, sift through clues, and decide on a course of action. These steps make for a suspenseful and fast-paced narrative.
In The Hound of the Baskervilles, however, Holmes sends Dr. Watson to work on the case at Baskerville Hall, while he announces that he must stay in London to work on another case. This would seem to derail the novel because its main character is absent for several chapters. Nonetheless, the device works. Dr. Watson, a level-headed man, pursues his assignment and begins to uncover a sinister scheme. When Holmes reappears to solve the mystery, there is no sense of the reader being cheated for he has been working behind the scenes all along. Even after Holmes explains everything to Watson and identifies the murderer, he must still out-think the villain and catch him in the act.
Conan Doyle drew on many sources for his own well-wrought detective stories. The most important precedents for the Holmes adventures were Edgar Allan Poe's tales of 'ratiocination' and the novels of Wilke Collins. Poe's tales feature the great French detective Auguste Dupin, who uses his intellect to solve bewildering crimes. As in the Holmes stories, someone brings Dupin a mystery; then Dupin sifts through the clues and devises a plan to unmask the villain. Conan Doyle's stories follow this pattern, even to the point of making Holmes analytical and arrogant like Dupin.
Collins's influence may especially be seen in The Hound of the Baskervilles. In his two most famous novels, The Woman in White (1859) and The Moonstone (1868), Collins tells the stories through the letters and diaries of the characters. This technique creates a tone of immediacy, as if the reader were seeing the narrative unfold moment by moment. In addition, the mystery is enhanced because the reader can know no more than his characters. Yet, all the clues needed to solve the mystery are presented; the reader may sift through them and try to be a step ahead of the characters.
Three chapters of The Hound of the Baskervilles are told through Watson's diaries and letters to Holmes, creating an effect similar to that in Collins's novels. In addition, Collins added the gothic atmosphere of the supernatural to his fiction, making even everyday scenes and events seem full of looming violence or evil. The Hound of the Baskervilles also uses this technique, making after-dinner walks in the yard seem ominous and dangerous. Some critics have gone so far as to assert that Sergeant Cuff from Collins's The Moonstone is the model for Sherlock Holmes because both men look alike, are analytical, and retire to the country to raise roses. Whatever the sources of the Holmes adventures, their ingenious blend of crime and day-to-day life, and their clear narratives make them original and engrossing reading.
VI SOCIAL SENSITIVITY
The Hound of the Baskervilles depicts the kinds of individual disorientation that are created by social disorder. For instance, love is perverted by evil in the novel. Selden, the notorious Notting Hill murderer, uses his sister's love to evade the law. Stapleton uses his own wife to lure Sir Henry Baskerville to his doom. He pretends love and offers marriage to Laura Lyons in order to persuade her to entice Sir Charles into a dark walkway where he meets the Hound itself. All who encounter these evil lovers are endangered because their relationships are as confused and misleading as the narrow paths of Grimpen Mire. Sir Henry in particular is tempted by the allure of another man's wife and is left with a disordered mind at the novel's end. But the steady, clear light of reason, as embodied by Sherlock Holmes, works throughout to pierce the chaotic darkness and unmask the sources of evil.
VII TOPICS FOR DISCUSSION
1. What is your initial reaction after reading the manuscript that explains the myth of the 'Hound of the Baskervilles'?
2. Stapleton says, 'This is the great Grimpen Mire...a false step yonder means death to man or beast.' What is the significance of the moor? Is it an important element in the story?
3. Why does the novel include letters that Watson writes to Holmes?
4. Why does Watson go to Baskerville Hall without Sherlock Holmes?
5. In the opening chapter of the novel, how do Watson and Holmes characterize Dr. Mortimer from just his walking stick, before even setting eyes on him?
6. The narrative explains, 'One of Sherlock Holmes's defects...was that he was exceedingly loth to communicate his full plans to any other person until the instant of their fulfillment.' Why is this important? Discuss some examples of this in The Hound of the Baskervilles.
7. How does Holmes deduce where Sir Henry Baskerville's threatening letter came from? Does he make any similar deductions? If so, what are they?
8. What clues reveal Sir Charles Baskerville's actions the night that he is murdered?
VIII IDEAS FOR REPORTS AND PAPERS
1. Compare The Hound of the Baskervilles to several of Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes short stories. Discuss the similarities.
2. Does the nature of the criminal and the crime itself become clear to you before the end of the novel? If so, where and when did you have suspicions?
3. Read one of Edgar Allan Poe's Inspector Dupin mysteries and compare his character to Sherlock Holmes.
4. There are quite a few film versions of The Hound of the Baskervilles and other Sherlock Holmes stories. Watch one or two of them and compare the two mediums.
5. Research Dartmoor, the English moor around which this novel centers. What are the legends that relate to the moor and its surrounding areas?
IX RELATED TITLES AND ADAPTATIONS
Although The Hound of the Baskervilles is the most popular of the Holmes adventures, the series consists of four novels and a multiplicity of short stories. The short stories are consistently entertaining and every Holmes enthusiast has a favorite. Most often included in anthologies and textbooks is 'The Adventure of the Speckled Band,' because it is a good example of Conan Doyle's style and skill in plotting. It was Conan Doyle's favorite Holmes story.
The best-loved of the adaptations of The Hound of the Baskervilles is the 1939 film, starring Basil Rathbone as Sherlock Holmes and Nigel Bruce as Dr. John Watson. Directed by Sidney Lanfield, the black-and-white film includes Richard Greene as Sir Henry Baskerville. Rathbone plays Holmes as an impatient and stylish character, while Bruce plays Watson as a silly but courageous companion. The film has been criticized for dropping some of the novel's important themes. Even so, Rathbone's élan, the gothic atmosphere, and the brisk pace of the plot have won the motion picture a devoted following.
In 1959 Hammer Films produced its own version of the novel, directed by Terence Fisher and starring Peter Cushing as Holmes, André Morell as Watson, and Christopher Lee as Sir Henry Baskerville. Although rich in Victorian costumes and settings, critics disliked the film because it took many liberties with the plot.
A good version of The Hound of the Baskervilles is Universal's 1972 made-for-television movie, starring Stewart Granger as Sherlock Holmes, Bernard Fox as Watson, and William Shatner as Stapleton. Directed by Barry Crane, the movie is brisk and entertaining, if not particularly mysterious
Published 1901
I ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Arthur Conan Doyle was born on May 22, 1859, in Edinburgh, Scotland. As a young man he seemed destined for a career in medicine. In 1876 he attended the University of Edinburgh Medical School. There he met Joseph Bell, whose deductive powers and dramatic flair he would later embody in the character of Sherlock Holmes. In the early 1880s he served as a medical officer on an Arctic whaling ship and ship's surgeon on a voyage to West Africa. By the summer of 1882, he had settled in the town of Southsea in the south of England. In 1885 he received his medical degree. Even after he was a well-established writer, he continued to pursue his medical education, becoming an eye specialist. His medical practice was unsuccessful, leaving him plenty of free time to write.
His first story was 'The Mystery of Sarassa Valley,' published in October 1879 in Chamber's Journal. He had trouble finding a publisher for his first Sherlock Holmes novel, A Study in Scarlet, which eventually appeared in Beeton's Christmas Annual for 1887. It and its successor, the novel The Sign of Four, published in 1890, were not popular at first. Conan Doyle himself regarded these early Holmes novels as mere entertainments to bring in some money while he concentrated on historical novels. He hoped to become a new Walter Scott, who had earned fame and respect with such novels as Ivanhoe (1820).
In 1891 Conan Doyle agreed to supply the new magazine the Strand with a series of Sherlock Holmes short stories. 'A Scandal in Bohemia' appeared in the magazine's July 1891 issue and was a popular sensation. For the rest of his life Conan Doyle was pressured by publishers and the general public to write more stories about Sherlock Holmes.
He tried to stop writing the stories a number of times. After his initial contract with the Strand was fulfilled, he demanded an outrageously large amount of money for new stories, hoping that the Strand would refuse. Instead, the magazine eagerly met his asking price. Then he tried killing Holmes off in 'The Final Problem,' the last of his second run of Holmes stories for the Strand. He received hate mail for killing Holmes and was besieged by publishers offering him huge sums of money to write more about Holmes. An American publisher finally offered more money than Conan Doyle could resist, and he agree to write The Hound of the Baskervilles.
Writing about Holmes offered Conan Doyle a ready way to earn money for the rest of his life. But it was the character of Professor Challenger rather than Sherlock Holmes that was Conan Doyle's favorite creation. In 1912 he published a science-fiction adventure, The Lost World, featuring the professor.
The death of his son during World War I (1914-1918) led Conan Doyle to seek out spiritualists and inspired in him a religious dedication to the spiritualist movement. This embarrassed friends and business associates. Spiritualism found its way into nearly all of Conan Doyle's writings of the 1920s, and even the hardheaded Professor Challenger is converted in The Land of Mist. Conan Doyle died on July 7, 1930, at Crowborough, Sussex.
Many critics have pointed out the similarities between Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson and their creator Arthur Conan Doyle. In real life, Conan Doyle sometimes employed detection techniques similar to those of Holmes to solve mysterious crimes. In the most famous such case, he proved that George Edalji, a lawyer, had been wrongfully convicted of a crime he could not have committed. Conan Doyle used such evidence as Edalji's astigmatism and the difference between the mud of roads and that of fields to demonstrate beyond doubt that Edalji was innocent and to expose the real criminal—a feat of detection worthy of Holmes. In addition, Dr. Watson shares characteristics with Conan Doyle. Both were robust men who were physically active for most of their lives. Both were physicians who served overseas. The tall and thicknecked Watson fits the description of Conan Doyle himself. Even so, readers should not take the similarities between the characters and the author beyond the superficial. Holmes and Watson are well-imagined figures with traits all their own.
II OVERVIEW
For many years, the region around the Baskerville estate was poor and backward, but when Sir Charles Baskerville returns to claim his estate, the region again begins to prosper. By devoting his vast fortune—earned in business—to better the community, Sir Charles fills the long-empty role of leadership that is the duty of the Baskervilles. But into this otherwise happy and orderly society comes disorder in the form of two utterly evil men. One is a convicted mass murderer escaped from prison, who lurks about on the moors; the other is Seldon, a clever criminal, who is insidious enough to corrupt the faithful Baskerville servants into the service of evil.
Even more unsettling is the terrible Hound of the Baskervilles. When the good Sir Charles Baskerville is murdered, an ancient curse on the family is revealed that now threatens Sir Henry, the new heir. For generations, the Baskerville family has been victimized by a giant, spectral hound that prowls the moors. The hound now seems to be loose again; it has claimed Sir Charles and appears ready to strike again. Is this a supernatural creature or merely part of someone's devious plot to supplant the rightful heirs of Baskerville Hall?
Sherlock Holmes is called upon to solve the mystery, and the intricate story builds to an extraordinary climax when the hound attacks: 'Fire burst from its open mouth, its eye glowed with a smoldering glare, its muzzle and hackles and dewlap were outlined in flickering flame.' A fiend from hell seems loosed upon Sir Henry.
III SETTING
The late Victorian setting of The Hound of the Baskervilles is an orderly one. In it, each person has a role to fill, and when every role is suitably filled, society prospers. But the social order is endangered by those bent on its destruction, and the villains come in many disguises.
The opening scenes place Sherlock Holmes in the comfortable surroundings of his home at 221B Baker Street in London. But quickly the action shifts to the dreary 'Grippen Mire,' a vast moor or bog-marsh area of England. This bleak and deserted wasteland provides a startling contrast to Holmes's refined London world. Reason seems to break down, and the atmosphere becomes eerie when it appears that a supernatural creature is responsible for the terrifying happenings on the moors. Conan Doyle carefully recreates both the Baskerville family history and the outlying areas around Baskerville Hall. The myth of the hound itself is reproduced through Dr. Mortimer's efforts and acts as necessary background.
As the story progress, the Grimpen Mire comes to symbolize an ominous mire of evil, where, to his horror, Dr. Watson hears the panic-stricken cries of moor ponies, captured by the muck that lurks beneath the deceptive vegetation. One false step means death, both in the moor where what looks like solid ground may suddenly give way and in a society where a seeming friend could be a clever murderer, or even a demon with a frighteningly huge hound at his command. For Holmes, the setting becomes as much of a clue to the nature of the crime as other physical clues. The middle passages of The Hound of the Baskervilles are among the most suspenseful in literature in large part because of the unrelieved atmosphere of doom that surrounds the well-drawn, appealing characters of Watson, Sir Henry, and Holmes.
IV THEMES AND CHARACTERS
Sherlock Holmes is a private investigator who operates out of his rooms at 221B Baker Street in London, England. Well-to-do, he takes only the cases that interest him. He is high-strung and restless, and, although he finds a creative emotional outlet in playing the violin, it is often not enough to amuse his troubled mind when he is not on a case. He then injects himself with cocaine. It takes years for his associate, Dr. Watson, to wean him away from his addiction but Watson is ultimately successful.
Holmes is tall and obsessively clean. His voice is 'cold, incisive, ironical.' A brilliant thinker, his education is at once broad and narrow. For example, although he is able to identify different brands of tobacco at a sniff, he knows nothing about astronomy until Dr. Watson explains to him that the earth orbits the sun.
In The Hound of the Baskervilles, Holmes displays his love of the chase; he is delighted at the opportunity to outwit the clever villain and foil his schemes. He is given to dramatic flair; he amazes listeners with his deductions from seemingly slight clues, and he enjoys disguising himself, as though he were an actor. For all his genius, however, he is fallible. In the stories, Professor Moriarty eludes him more than once, and sometimes he fails to adequately protect a client. In The Hound of the Baskervilles, he is at one point convinced that he has allowed the heir, Sir Henry Baskerville, to be killed. This element of uncertainty in Holmes's character enhances the appeal of his stories by allowing for genuine suspense because he occasionally makes mistakes.
Dr. John Watson is a robust man of action. He meets Holmes when looking for lodgings after serving as a military physician in Afghanistan. His steady temperament balances Holmes's own edgy one. As a physician, Watson's skills often come in handy when people are injured. Intelligent enough to understand Holmes's genius, robust enough to provide muscle when needed, courageous enough to follow Holmes into any adventure, and unswerving in his loyalty, he is an ideal companion for Holmes. It is Watson who narrates nearly all the tales of Holmes's adventures. He asks the questions that readers want answered and often remains in the dark alongside the readers because of Holmes's infuriating habit of keeping his plans secret until he has seen whether or not they will succeed.
Stapleton is a good example of Conan Doyle's archfiends who prey on the innocent. He is introduced as an eccentric naturalist and a highly respected authority on insects. Of uncertain origin and ancestry, he is described as a 'small, slim, clean-shaven, prim-faced man, flaxen-haired and lean-jawed, between thirty and forty years of age.' Physically unimpressive, he seems too frail and too naive to be a villain, but his mind is a keen one. He has plotted carefully, using the legend about a curse on the Baskervilles to further his devious designs.
V LITERARY QUALITIES
The techniques in The Hound of the Baskervilles are common to most Holmes mysteries. First, a client visits Holmes, and Holmes makes some clever deductions about him. Then the client introduces the problem that Holmes must solve. In this case, a country doctor, James Mortimer, tells Holmes of the strange death of Sir Charles Baskerville. An unusually observant man, Mortimer noted a giant paw print near the body and the cigar ash near the gate—both important clues and enough to arouse Mortimer's suspicions. In a typical case, Holmes would go to the scene of the crime, sift through clues, and decide on a course of action. These steps make for a suspenseful and fast-paced narrative.
In The Hound of the Baskervilles, however, Holmes sends Dr. Watson to work on the case at Baskerville Hall, while he announces that he must stay in London to work on another case. This would seem to derail the novel because its main character is absent for several chapters. Nonetheless, the device works. Dr. Watson, a level-headed man, pursues his assignment and begins to uncover a sinister scheme. When Holmes reappears to solve the mystery, there is no sense of the reader being cheated for he has been working behind the scenes all along. Even after Holmes explains everything to Watson and identifies the murderer, he must still out-think the villain and catch him in the act.
Conan Doyle drew on many sources for his own well-wrought detective stories. The most important precedents for the Holmes adventures were Edgar Allan Poe's tales of 'ratiocination' and the novels of Wilke Collins. Poe's tales feature the great French detective Auguste Dupin, who uses his intellect to solve bewildering crimes. As in the Holmes stories, someone brings Dupin a mystery; then Dupin sifts through the clues and devises a plan to unmask the villain. Conan Doyle's stories follow this pattern, even to the point of making Holmes analytical and arrogant like Dupin.
Collins's influence may especially be seen in The Hound of the Baskervilles. In his two most famous novels, The Woman in White (1859) and The Moonstone (1868), Collins tells the stories through the letters and diaries of the characters. This technique creates a tone of immediacy, as if the reader were seeing the narrative unfold moment by moment. In addition, the mystery is enhanced because the reader can know no more than his characters. Yet, all the clues needed to solve the mystery are presented; the reader may sift through them and try to be a step ahead of the characters.
Three chapters of The Hound of the Baskervilles are told through Watson's diaries and letters to Holmes, creating an effect similar to that in Collins's novels. In addition, Collins added the gothic atmosphere of the supernatural to his fiction, making even everyday scenes and events seem full of looming violence or evil. The Hound of the Baskervilles also uses this technique, making after-dinner walks in the yard seem ominous and dangerous. Some critics have gone so far as to assert that Sergeant Cuff from Collins's The Moonstone is the model for Sherlock Holmes because both men look alike, are analytical, and retire to the country to raise roses. Whatever the sources of the Holmes adventures, their ingenious blend of crime and day-to-day life, and their clear narratives make them original and engrossing reading.
VI SOCIAL SENSITIVITY
The Hound of the Baskervilles depicts the kinds of individual disorientation that are created by social disorder. For instance, love is perverted by evil in the novel. Selden, the notorious Notting Hill murderer, uses his sister's love to evade the law. Stapleton uses his own wife to lure Sir Henry Baskerville to his doom. He pretends love and offers marriage to Laura Lyons in order to persuade her to entice Sir Charles into a dark walkway where he meets the Hound itself. All who encounter these evil lovers are endangered because their relationships are as confused and misleading as the narrow paths of Grimpen Mire. Sir Henry in particular is tempted by the allure of another man's wife and is left with a disordered mind at the novel's end. But the steady, clear light of reason, as embodied by Sherlock Holmes, works throughout to pierce the chaotic darkness and unmask the sources of evil.
VII TOPICS FOR DISCUSSION
1. What is your initial reaction after reading the manuscript that explains the myth of the 'Hound of the Baskervilles'?
2. Stapleton says, 'This is the great Grimpen Mire...a false step yonder means death to man or beast.' What is the significance of the moor? Is it an important element in the story?
3. Why does the novel include letters that Watson writes to Holmes?
4. Why does Watson go to Baskerville Hall without Sherlock Holmes?
5. In the opening chapter of the novel, how do Watson and Holmes characterize Dr. Mortimer from just his walking stick, before even setting eyes on him?
6. The narrative explains, 'One of Sherlock Holmes's defects...was that he was exceedingly loth to communicate his full plans to any other person until the instant of their fulfillment.' Why is this important? Discuss some examples of this in The Hound of the Baskervilles.
7. How does Holmes deduce where Sir Henry Baskerville's threatening letter came from? Does he make any similar deductions? If so, what are they?
8. What clues reveal Sir Charles Baskerville's actions the night that he is murdered?
VIII IDEAS FOR REPORTS AND PAPERS
1. Compare The Hound of the Baskervilles to several of Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes short stories. Discuss the similarities.
2. Does the nature of the criminal and the crime itself become clear to you before the end of the novel? If so, where and when did you have suspicions?
3. Read one of Edgar Allan Poe's Inspector Dupin mysteries and compare his character to Sherlock Holmes.
4. There are quite a few film versions of The Hound of the Baskervilles and other Sherlock Holmes stories. Watch one or two of them and compare the two mediums.
5. Research Dartmoor, the English moor around which this novel centers. What are the legends that relate to the moor and its surrounding areas?
IX RELATED TITLES AND ADAPTATIONS
Although The Hound of the Baskervilles is the most popular of the Holmes adventures, the series consists of four novels and a multiplicity of short stories. The short stories are consistently entertaining and every Holmes enthusiast has a favorite. Most often included in anthologies and textbooks is 'The Adventure of the Speckled Band,' because it is a good example of Conan Doyle's style and skill in plotting. It was Conan Doyle's favorite Holmes story.
The best-loved of the adaptations of The Hound of the Baskervilles is the 1939 film, starring Basil Rathbone as Sherlock Holmes and Nigel Bruce as Dr. John Watson. Directed by Sidney Lanfield, the black-and-white film includes Richard Greene as Sir Henry Baskerville. Rathbone plays Holmes as an impatient and stylish character, while Bruce plays Watson as a silly but courageous companion. The film has been criticized for dropping some of the novel's important themes. Even so, Rathbone's élan, the gothic atmosphere, and the brisk pace of the plot have won the motion picture a devoted following.
In 1959 Hammer Films produced its own version of the novel, directed by Terence Fisher and starring Peter Cushing as Holmes, André Morell as Watson, and Christopher Lee as Sir Henry Baskerville. Although rich in Victorian costumes and settings, critics disliked the film because it took many liberties with the plot.
A good version of The Hound of the Baskervilles is Universal's 1972 made-for-television movie, starring Stewart Granger as Sherlock Holmes, Bernard Fox as Watson, and William Shatner as Stapleton. Directed by Barry Crane, the movie is brisk and entertaining, if not particularly mysterious
第2个回答 2007-07-08
最喜欢的颜色：黑色
英文名：Sherlock Holmes
国籍：英国
生日：1月6日
性 别：男本回答被提问者采纳
英文名：Sherlock Holmes
国籍：英国
生日：1月6日
性 别：男本回答被提问者采纳
初一行程问题解题技巧
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