帮忙找下台风的英文介绍

Question

关于台风的形成,特点的`要英文介绍 最好付中文 谢谢!!

Answer 1

台风的形成

台风的成因，至今仍无法十分确定，但已知它是由热带大气内的扰动发展而来的。在热带海洋上，海面因受太阳直射而使海水温度升高，海水容易蒸发成水汽散布在空中，故热带海洋上的空气温度高、湿度大，这种空气因温度高而膨胀，致使密度减小，质量减轻，而赤道附近风力微弱，所以很容易上升，发生对流作用，同时周围之较冷空气流入补充，然后再上升，如此循环不已，终必使整个气柱皆为温度较高、重量较轻、密度较小之空气，这就形成了所谓的「热带低压」。然而空气之流动是自高气压流向低气压，就好像是水从高处流向低处一样，四周气压较高处的空气必向气压较低处流动，而形成「风」。在夏季，因为太阳直射区域由赤道向北移，致使南半球之东南信风越过赤道转向成西南季风侵入北半球，和原来北半球的东北信风相遇，更迫挤此空气上升，增加对流作用，再因西南季风和东北信风方向不同，相遇时常造成波动和旋涡。这种西南季风和东北信风相遇所造成的辐合作用，和原来的对流作用继续不断，使已形成为低气压的旋涡继续加深，也就是使四周空气加快向旋涡中心流，流入愈快时，其风速就愈大；当近地面最大风速到达或超过每秒17．2公尺时，我们就称它为台风。
从台风结构看到，如此巨大的庞然大物，其产生必须具备特有的条件。

一、要有广阔的高温、高湿的大气。热带洋面上的底层大气的温度和湿度主要决定于海面水温，台风只能形成于海温高于26℃－27℃的暖洋面上，而且在60米深度内的海水水温都要高于26℃－27℃；
二、要有低层大气向中心辐合、高层向外扩散的初始扰动。而且高层辐散必须超过低层辐合，才能维持足够的上升气流，低层扰动才能不断加强；
三、垂直方向风速不能相差太大，上下层空气相对运动很小，才能使初始扰动中水汽凝结所释放的潜热能集中保存在台风眼区的空气柱中，形成并加强台风暖中心结构；
四、要有足够大的地转偏向力作用，地球自转作用有利于气旋性涡旋的生成。地转偏向力在赤道附近接近于零，向南北两极增大，台风发生在大约离赤道5个纬度以上的洋面上。

译文：

Typhoon formation

The typhoon origin, until now still was unable extremely todetermine, but known it is comes by the tropics atmosphere inperturbation development. On the tropics sea, the sea level because ofcauses the vertical incident solar rays the sea temperature toelevate, the sea water is easy to evaporate the water vapor to spreadin airborne, therefore on tropics sea air temperature high, humiditybig, this kind of air high inflates because of the temperature, causesthe density to reduce, the quality reduces, but nearby equator windpower weak, therefore is very easy to rise, has the convectioncurrent, simultaneously periphery the colder air inflow supplemented,then rises again, so moves in endless cycles, the end must entirecause for the temperature higher, the weight to be all lighter,a density smaller air, this has formed so-called "the tropicaldepression". However flowing of the air is the proud barometricpressure flows to the low atmospheric pressure, looks like is thewater flows to the low spot from the high place to be same, all aroundthe barometric pressure compares the high place the air to have tocompare the low spot to the barometric pressure to flow, but forms"the wind". In summer, because the vertical incident solar rays regionmoves by the equator to the north, causes of southeast trade crossingthe line the southern hemisphere to change the southwest monsoon toinvade Northern Hemisphere, meets one another with the originalNorthern Hemisphere's Northeast Tradewind, compels crowds this airrise, the increase convection current, again because the southwestmonsoon and the Northeast Tradewind direction is different, meets oneanother often creates the undulation and the whirlpool. This kind ofsouthwest monsoon and the Northeast Tradewind meet one another thespoke which creates to gather the function, with the originalconvection current continuously, causes to form continues for the lowatmospheric pressure whirlpool to deepen, when is causes all aroundthe air speeds up to the whirlpool center class, the inflow quickly,its wind speed is bigger; When the near ground most gale fast arrivesor surpasses each second 17.2 meters, we called it is the typhoon.
Saw from the typhoon structure, the so giant colossus, it producesmust meet the unique requirement.

First, must have broad high temperature, the humidity atmosphere. Thetropics on first floor atmosphere temperature and the humiditymainly decided to the sea level water temperature, the typhoon onlycan form Yu Haiwen is higher than 26 ℃ - 27 ℃ is warm on,moreover in 60 meters depths sea water water temperatures all must behigher than 26 ℃ - 27 ℃;
Second, must have the lower atmosphere high level to gather, theinitial perturbation to the central spoke which proliferates tooutside. Moreover the high level spoke disperses must surpass theunderlying bed spoke to gather, can maintain the enough ascendantcurrent, the underlying bed perturbation can unceasingly strengthen;
Third, the vertical direction wind speed cannot differ too in a bigway, on the lower level air relative motion is very small, can causeto dive the heat energy centralism preservation which in the initialperturbation the water vapor congeals releases in the area center, forms and strengthens the typhoon warm centerstructure
Fourth, must have the enough big place to transfer thefunction, the earth rotation function is advantageous to the cyclonevortex production. Transfers approaches nearby the equatorto zero, increases to the north and south two-pole, the typhoon occursprobably is leaving above the equator 5 latitudes on.

台风的防治
加强台风的监测和预报，是减轻台风灾害的重要的措施。对台风的探测主要是利用气象卫星。在卫星云图上，能清晰地看见台风的存在和大小。利用气象卫星资料，可以确定台风中心的位置，估计台风强度，监测台风移动方向和速度，以及狂风暴雨出现的地区等，对防止和减轻台风灾害起着关键作用。当台风到达近海时，还可用雷达监测台风动向。还有气象台的预报员，根据所得到的各种资料，分析台风的动向，登陆的地点和时间，及时发布台风预报，台风紧报或紧急警报，通过电视，广播等媒介为公众服务，同时为各级政府提供决策依据，发布台风预报或紧报是减轻台风灾害的重要措施

译文：

Typhoon preventing and controlling
Strengthens the typhoon the monitor and the forecast, isreduces the typhoon disaster the important measure. Mainly uses themeteorological satellite to the typhoon survey. In the satellite cloudchart, can clearly see the typhoon the existence and the size. Usingthe meteorological satellite material, may determine the center of atyphoon the position, estimated the typhoon intensity, the monitortyphoon travel direction and the speed, as well as the violent stormappears the area and so on, to prevented and reduces the typhoondisaster to play the key role. When the typhoon arrives offshore, butalso may use the radar to monitor the typhoon movement. Also has themeteorological observatory , according to each kind ofmaterial which obtained arrives, analysis typhoon trend, lands theplace and the time, promptly issued the typhoon forecast, the typhoontight newspaper or the urgent alarm, through the television, mediumand so on broadcast serve for the public, simultaneously provides thepolicy-making basis for all levels of governments, issued the typhoonforecast or the tight newspaper are reduces the typhoon disaster theimportant measure