第1个回答 2017-10-01
现在完成时
构成:have /has +done/been done
用法:1动作发生在过去对现在的影响
eg:The possibility has been dismissed that he has liver failure.
2 动作开始于过去,一直持续到现在
eg:How long have you lived here?
3在时间条件壮语从句中,用现在完成时替代将来完成时
eg:When you have finished the magazine,please lend it to me.
常用时间状语:1表示到现在为止:already ,yet ,just ,ever, never ,before ,since ,so far, until now ,by now ,up to now.
2表示最近:recentl,lately in the past/last few years
3包含现在在内的时间状语:this morning/afternoon,all the year ,all day
过去完成时
构成:had + done/been done
1. 由时间状语来判定
与过去完成时连用的时间状语有:
( 1 ) by + 过去的时间点。如: I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.
( 2 ) by the end of + 过去的时间点。如: We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
( 3 ) before + 过去的时间点。如: They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday
2. 由“过去的过去”来判定。 过去完成时表示“过去的过去”,是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,即动作有先后关系,动作在前的用过去完成时,在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在:
( 1 )宾语从句中 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时,且从句的动作先于主句的动作时,从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如: She said that she had seen the film before.
( 2 )状语从句中 在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中,主、从句的动作发生有先后关系,动作在前的,要用过去完成时,动作在后的要用一般过去时。如: After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. 注意: before, after 引导的时间状语从句中,由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系,若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连,则主、从句都用一般过去时。如: After he closed the door, he left the classroom.
(3)表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…" We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
过去完成时与现在完成时的区别
现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去,以现在的时间为基点,但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响,与现在有关,其结构为“助动词 have (has) + 过去分词”;过去完成时则是一个相对的时态,以过去时间为基点,它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去,更强调“过去的过去”,只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时,才用到它。 比较:I have learned 1000 English words so far.到目前为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。 I had learned 1000 English words till then.到那时为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。 — I'm sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起,让你久等了。 — Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes.没什么,我只等了几分钟。本回答被提问者采纳
第3个回答 2012-06-12
现在完成时
1,说明
现在完成时表示动作发生在过去,但与现在有关系,即用一个发生在过去的动作来说明现在的情况。
2,基本用法
(1)表示发生在过去并已完成但对现在还有影响的事情或经验,可与下列状语连用:already,yet,before,just,ever,never等.
I have already posted the photos.
Have you ever visited China?
(2)表示过去已经开始持续到现在的动作或过去某一时刻延续到现在包括现在在内的一段时间的状语连用。
I haven't seen her these days.
由since引导的时间状语。
They have lived here since 1989.
由for引导的时间状语。
I have known her for three years.
与表示包括现在时间在内的一段时间状语连用。
Have you returned the book today?
表示过去发生过的一次或多次情况。
Has the postman come yet?
He has never had breakfast.
过去完成时:
1,说明
过去完成时表示在过去某一段时间或动作以前已经完成的动作。由had+过去分词构成。
2,基本用法
表示在过去某一段时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。
I had arrived home by that time.
He had left his case on the 4:30 train.
表示从过去某一时间开始持续到过去另一时间。
Great changes had taken place when he returned to his home town.
She had lived in a school for sixty years.
表示过去未曾实现的意图,打算,愿望等。常用于下列动词:
hope,think,plan,mean,expect,suppose,want等。
I had thought that my first teacher was dead.
I had hoped to attend the meeting.
在虚拟语气中,用以表示与过去事实相反的情况。
I wish that I hadn't spent so much money.
If he had followed my advice,he would have succeeded.
过去完成时常于下列状语连用:
already,yet,still,ever以及由by,before,when等引导的短语或从句。
望采纳,谢~!
第4个回答 2020-05-24
1、是否对现在有影响
现在完成时表示动作发生在过去,但与现在有关系,即用一个发生在过去的动作来说明现在的情况,对现在还有着一定的影响。
而过去完成时只适合表示在过去某一段时间或动作以前已经完成的动作,不谈及对现在的影响。
2、结构上的不同
现在完成时的结构为:主语 + have / has + 过去分词或者主语 + have / has + not + 过去分词,用的是have / has,而过去完成时的结构为:主语 + had + 过去分词或者主语 +had + not + 过去分词,用的是had。
3、使用的时间状语不同
现在完成时中常用的时间状语包括 now、today、tonight、this week、this year、already、yet、just等,而过去完成时中常用的时间状语仅有by、at、before等。