求化工专业英语高手翻译(8)

The same conclusion is obtained if we represent the relative volatility vs. the mole fraction of the solvent. Fig. 6 shows that N,N-dimethylformamide is, undoubtedly, the best entrainer. This behaviour may be explained by the molecular properties. The dielectric constant (ε) and the dipole moment (μ) have a great effect on the relative volatility in accordance with observations published by Prausnitz and Anderson [24]. The inductive energy involved between molecules is strongly dependent on the dielectric constant and the dipole moment of the respective molecules. In this study the two components to be separated have different dipole moments (Table 9) and it was found that a solvent with a high dielectric constant favoured (increased) the relative volatility of the component with the smallest dipole moment relative to the other component. For this reason, the best entrainer would be N,N-dimethylformamide.

A good extractive solvent will increase the relative volatility modifying the respective liquid activity coefficients to increase the activity coefficient ratio (γ1/γ1). This can be achieved by increasing γ1 relative to γ2 or decreasing γ2 relative to γ1. Therefore depending on the concentration of the original mixture the quantity of solvent or selective agent can exert a strong effect on the relative volatility [26]. The effect of the concentration of the best solvent (N,N-dimethylformamide) on (γ1/γ2) can be seen in Fig. 7. This behaviour may be explained by the fact that the added agent is soluble for the component present in the larger amount, and nonsoluble for the other. As the N,N-dimethylformamide concentration is increased, the less soluble component (dipropyl ether) becomes still less soluble, the behaviour tends to immiscibility and its activity coefficient increases. Where the less soluble component (dipropyl ether) is present in large amounts, the effect of the added agent is much less and the relative volatility increases less.

用相对挥发性和溶剂摩尔分数之比作为参考标准时得到相同结论代替。图 6表明N,N-二甲基甲酰胺毫无疑问是最好的共溶剂。这可以用分子的性质来解释。介电常数(¦Å)和偶极矩 (¦Ì)对相对挥发性的影响与Prausnitz和Anderson [24]的观察结果一致。分子间感应能强烈取决于分子介电常数和偶极矩。本研究中两种待分离组分有不同的偶极矩(表9) ,并且发现介电常数较高的溶剂增加了偶极矩最小的组分的相对挥发性。由于这个原因,最好的共溶剂应是N,N-二甲基甲酰胺。
一种优良的萃取溶剂将会通过改变液体活度系数从而增加活度系数之比(γ1/γ1)的方式增加其相对挥发度。这可以通过增减γ1/γ1的途径来实现。因此,溶剂或选择性试剂的用量强烈地影响相对挥发性,这取决于原始混合物浓度[26]。最佳溶剂 (N,N-二甲基甲酰胺) 的浓度对(γ1/γ2)的影响如图7所示。这种行为可以用下面的事实来解释:所加入的溶剂和大量存在的组分可以互相混溶,而与其他组分(杂质)不相溶。随着 N,N-二甲基甲酰胺浓度的增加,溶解度较小的组分(二丙醚)趋向于更加难溶,并且其活度系数增加。如果溶解度较低的组分 (二丙醚)大量存在,则所加入的溶剂的这种效应下降,并且相对挥发性的增加量更小。
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第1个回答  2008-03-21
如果我们代表相对挥发性对溶剂的克分子分数,同一个结论获得。 图6显示那N, N二甲替甲酰胺是,无疑地,最佳的entrainer。 这行为也许用分子物产解释。 介电常数(ε)和偶极矩(μ)有对相对挥发性的了不起的作用与Prausnitz和安徒生出版的观察符合[24]。 引人能量介入在分子之间依靠强烈介电常数和各自分子的偶极矩。 在这项研究中将被分离的二个组分有不同的偶极矩(发现表9)和它一种溶剂以一个高介电常数倾向了(增加)组分的相对挥发性于最小的偶极矩相对另一个组分。 为此,最佳的entrainer是N, N二甲替甲酰胺。 A好可提取溶剂将增加修改各自液体占空系数的相对挥发性增加占空系数比率(γ1/γ1)。 这可以通过增加γ1相对γ2或减少γ2达到相对γ1。 所以根据原始的混合物的集中溶解或有选择性的代理的数量可能施加对相对挥发性[26的]强的作用。 最佳的溶剂(N, N二甲替甲酰胺)的集中的作用(γ1/γ2)在图7.能看。 这行为也许用事实解释增加的代理为组分是可溶解的当前在巨额,和不可溶为其他。 当增加N, N二甲替甲酰胺含量,较不可溶解组分(二丙基以太)仍然成为可溶物,行为趋向对不溶湿性,并且它的占空系数增加。 那里较不可溶解组分(二丙基以太)是存在巨额,增加的代理的作用是较少和相对挥发性增量。

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