which that what在定语从句中的用法以及区别

Question

RT。详解 谢谢

Answer 1

what不能引导定语从句，只能引导名词性从句（如主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句）。如：
This is what I want to do.这就是我想做的事。

which that 可以引导定语从句，并且都可以在定语从句中充当主语或宾语。
which指代的先行词只能是物，that指代的先行词既可以是物，也可以是人。

在下列三种情况下只能用which，不能用that：
1、紧跟在介词后面。如：
This is the very pen, with which I have written many articles.
2、which后面有插入语。如：
This is the gramma book which, as I have told you, will improve your English.
3、引导非限制性定语从句。如：
She has a house, which was built last year.

但在下列六种情况下只能用that：
1、先行词有形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，必用that。如：
It is the first shop that lies at the foot of the mountain.
2、在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that。如：
All that haven't been done must be done at once.
3、先行词既有人，又有物时，只用that。如：
We finally saw the school and teachers that we haven't seen for nearly ten years.
4、在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。如：
There is a ruler that is made of wood.
5、先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。如：
Lucy is the only girl that comes from America.
6、 关系代词在从句中作表语并带有类比含义时， 通常只用that， 不用which. 如：
He is no longer the star that he was. 他不再是过去的那位明星了。