帮我把这篇翻译成英文 谢谢=.=

Question

福州科技学院05级毕业论文开题报告
学科专业：应用英语
论文题目：Eating Custom Differences
导师：
学生：
学号：
开题报告时间：2007年11月25日
一、.课题研究的意义：文章分析了形成中西饮食文化差异的内在原因,其意义在于既能有助于深刻理解中西文化中的不同之处,跨越文化交际障碍,又能培养人们在跨文化交际时的适应能力,有效地避免交际双方由于文化差异而产生的误解。
二、本文研究的内容
略谈中西方饮食文化差异
餐饮产品由于地域特征、气侯环境、风俗习惯等因素的影响，会出现在原料、口味、烹调 方 法、饮食习惯上的不同程度的差异。正是因为这些差异，餐饮产品具有了强烈的地域性。中西 文化之间的差异造就了中西饮食文化的差异，而这种差异来自中西方不同的思维方式和处世哲学。中国人注重“天人合一”，西方人注重“以人为本”。
这里简要从下面三个方面谈谈中西方饮食文化的差异。
① 饮食观念
② 中西饮食对象的差异
③ 饮食方式的不同
三、本文研究成果
中西方文化各有其特征。中西方文明由于建立在各自自成系统的迥然各异的文化背景上，两种孑然不同差异悬殊的文化背景，造成中西双方在价值追求和伦理取向上旨趣迥异，从而使得中西方现实人格特征大异其趣。 形成东西文化差异的原因是多方面的，差异也是精彩纷呈的.中西方的各种不同点为我们呈现了中西文化的美丽景观，引导我们走向中西文化差异的源头，启发我们思索中西文化的特质和精髓，促使我们相互借鉴、彼此“扬弃”。使“娴静”的中国传统文化与“跃动”的西方文化相映，使东方的责任意识和西方的权利思想相辅，从而生成绚丽多彩的人类文明图画。
四、参考文献
1、《巴蜀饮食文化纵横》 四川人民出版社2001年
2、《西方饮食文化》中国轻工业出版社2006年
3、《中西饮食文化比较》四川科技出版社2007年
4、《中国饮食文化》旅游教育出版社2005年
5、中西饮食文化比较 《餐饮世界》 国家级 2003年1—12期
6、人生礼俗与饮食 《四川烹饪》 省级 2001年8期
7、中西节日习俗与饮食《扬州大学烹饪学报》省级 2001年1期
8、法国烹饪探秘 《四川烹专学报》 省级 2003年3期

Answer 1

Fuzhou Technical College 05 Thesis opened that report
Specialized subjects: English
Thesis topic: Eating Custom Differences
Instructor:
Students:
Study:
Open that report Time: November 25, 2007
1. Significance of the study subjects: an analysis of a Western diet cause of the inherent cultural differences, the significance lies in a profound understanding of both Chinese and Western cultures contribute to the differences, cross cultural communication barriers, but also people in cross-cultural training Communication at the adaptability to effectively avoid Communication cultural differences, the two sides due to the misunderstanding.
Second, the content of this paper
On cultural differences in the Western diet
Food products because of geographical features, climate environment, customs and habits, and other factors, will appear in raw materials, tastes and cooking methods, eating habits, the different degrees of difference. It was precisely because of these differences, catering products with a strong breeding. The differences between Chinese and Western cultures create a Western diet cultural differences, and these differences come from the Western way of thinking and different philosophy of life. Chinese focus on "Nature and Man", Westerners focus on the "people-oriented."
Here summary from the following three aspects in the Western diet talk about cultural differences.
① diet concepts
② difference between Chinese and Western restaurants targeted
③ diet of the different ways
Third, the paper research results
In Western culture have their own characteristics. Since the establishment of Western civilization into their systems since the different cultural backgrounds, the two differences from the disparity between different cultural backgrounds, resulting in both Chinese and Western values and ethical pursuit of the purport different direction, so that in reality personality of the West a very different creature. Formed in which cultural differences due to various reasons, the difference is remarkable. In the West point to a variety of Chinese and Western cultures we show the beautiful landscape, cultural differences to guide us towards the source of inspiration we ponder the nature of Chinese and Western cultures and the essence, we learn from each other to each other "to renounce." The "silence" traditional Chinese culture and the "soldiers" of Western culture so that the sense of responsibility in Eastern and Western thinking the right complementary, thus generating glorious picture of the human civilization.
4. References
1, "Bashu diet cultural aspect" of Sichuan People's Publishing House in 2001
2, "Western diet culture," China Light Industry Publishing House in 2006
3, "Comparison of Chinese and Western food culture" Sichuan Technology Publishing House in 2007
4, "Chinese food culture" Tourism Education Publishing House in 2005
5, the comparison of Chinese and Western food culture, "Food World" national 2003 1-12 period
6, life customs and eating "Sichuan Cooking" provincial 2001 8
7, Central and Western festival customs and eating "Cooking Journals of Yangzhou University," provincial 2001 1
8, French cooking Secret "Journal of the Sichuan cooking," provincial 2003 3

Answer 2

Fuzhou Technical College 05 Thesis opened that report
Specialized subjects: English
Thesis topic: Eating Custom Differences
Instructor:
Students:
Study:
Open that report Time: November 25, 2007
1. Significance of the study subjects: an analysis of a Western diet cause of the inherent cultural differences, the significance lies in a profound understanding of both Chinese and Western cultures contribute to the differences, cross cultural communication barriers, but also people in cross-cultural training Communication at the adaptability to effectively avoid Communication cultural differences, the two sides due to the misunderstanding.
Second, the content of this paper
On cultural differences in the Western diet
Food products because of geographical features, climate environment, customs and habits, and other factors, will appear in raw materials, tastes and cooking methods, eating habits, the different degrees of difference. It was precisely because of these differences, catering products with a strong breeding. The differences between Chinese and Western cultures create a Western diet cultural differences, and these differences come from the Western way of thinking and different philosophy of life. Chinese focus on "Nature and Man", Westerners focus on the "people-oriented."
Here summary from the following three aspects in the Western diet talk about cultural differences.
① diet concepts
② difference between Chinese and Western restaurants targeted
③ diet of the different ways
Third, the paper research results
In Western culture have their own characteristics. Since the establishment of Western civilization into their systems since the迥然different cultural backgrounds, the two孑然different from the disparity between different cultural backgrounds, resulting in both Chinese and Western values and ethical pursuit of the purport different direction, so that in reality personality of the West a very different creature. Formed in which cultural differences due to various reasons, the difference is remarkable. In the West point to a variety of Chinese and Western cultures we show the beautiful landscape, cultural differences to guide us towards the source of inspiration we ponder the nature of Chinese and Western cultures and the essence, we learn from each other to each other "to renounce." The "娴静" traditional Chinese culture and the "soldiers" of Western culture相映so that the sense of responsibility in Eastern and Western thinking the right complementary, thus generating glorious picture of the human civilization.
4. References
1, "Bashu diet cultural aspect" of Sichuan People's Publishing House in 2001
2, "Western diet culture," China Light Industry Publishing House in 2006
3, "Comparison of Chinese and Western food culture" Sichuan Technology Publishing House in 2007
4, "Chinese food culture" Tourism Education Publishing House in 2005
5, the comparison of Chinese and Western food culture, "Food World" national 2003 1-12 period
6, life customs and eating "Sichuan Cooking" provincial 2001 8
7, Central and Western festival customs and eating "Cooking Journals of Yangzhou University," provincial 2001 1
8, French cooking Secret "Journal of the Sichuan cooking," provincial 2003 3

Answer 3

Fuzhou Technical College 05 Thesis opened that report
Specialized subjects: English
Thesis topic: Eating Custom Differences
Instructor:
Students:
Study:
Open that report Time: November 25, 2007
1. Significance of the study subjects: an analysis of a Western diet cause of the inherent cultural differences, the significance lies in a profound understanding of both Chinese and Western cultures contribute to the differences, cross cultural communication barriers, but also people in cross-cultural training Communication at the adaptability to effectively avoid Communication cultural differences, the two sides due to the misunderstanding.
Second, the content of this paper
On cultural differences in the Western diet
Food products because of geographical features, climate environment, customs and habits, and other factors, will appear in raw materials, tastes and cooking methods, eating habits, the different degrees of difference. It was precisely because of these differences, catering products with a strong breeding. The differences between Chinese and Western cultures create a Western diet cultural differences, and these differences come from the Western way of thinking and different philosophy of life. Chinese focus on "Nature and Man", Westerners focus on the "people-oriented."
Here summary from the following three aspects in the Western diet talk about cultural differences.
① diet concepts
② difference between Chinese and Western restaurants targeted
③ diet of the different ways
Third, the paper research results
In Western culture have their own characteristics. Since the establishment of Western civilization into their systems since the迥然different cultural backgrounds, the two孑然different from the disparity between different cultural backgrounds, resulting in both Chinese and Western values and ethical pursuit of the purport different direction, so that in reality personality of the West a very different creature. Formed in which cultural differences due to various reasons, the difference is remarkable. In the West point to a variety of Chinese and Western cultures we show the beautiful landscape, cultural differences to guide us towards the source of inspiration we ponder the nature of Chinese and Western cultures and the essence, we learn from each other to each other "to renounce." The "娴静" traditional Chinese culture and the "soldiers" of Western culture相映so that the sense of responsibility in Eastern and Western thinking the right complementary, thus generating glorious picture of the human civilization.
4. References
1, "Bashu diet cultural aspect" of Sichuan People's Publishing House in 2001
2, "Western diet culture," China Light Industry Publishing House in 2006
3, "Comparison of Chinese and Western food culture" Sichuan Technology Publishing House in 2007
4, "Chinese food culture" Tourism Education Publishing House in 2005
5, the comparison of Chinese and Western food culture, "Food World" national 2003 1-12 period
6, life customs and eating "Sichuan Cooking" provincial 2001 8
7, Central and Western festival customs and eating "Cooking Journals of Yangzhou University," provincial 2001 1
8, French cooking Secret "Journal of the Sichuan cooking," provincial 2003 3

Answer 4

古代礼俗
古代结婚讲究“父母之命，媒妁(shuò)之言。”“媒妁”就是婚姻介绍人，又称“月老”、“冰人”、“代轲人”等。还讲究六合相应，选好日子。六合相应是年月日干支都相合，既年月日的天干相连，地支相连，如甲子年、乙丑月、丙寅日。如《孔雀东南飞》：“视历复开书，便利此月内，六合正相应。”
古代婚姻有“六礼”之说。六礼包括纳采（商议婚配）、问名（询问女方姓名）、纳吉（订婚）、纳征（送聘礼）、请期（通告结婚佳期）、亲迎（迎娶）。六礼包括了议婚到完婚的整个过程。
婚礼过程中有两个很重要的仪式：拜堂、合卺(jǐn)。拜堂有三拜，一拜天地，二拜高堂（父母），三是夫妻对拜。一拜过堂，就算正式结婚了，合卺是指新夫妇在洞房内共饮合欢酒。卺是一种苦葫芦被破为两半而成的瓢，盛酒于内，新郎新娘各饮一卺，表示要同甘共苦、和睦相爱。
在古文中常见的“结成秦晋之好”就是结成婚姻。春秋时，秦晋两国世为婚姻，后因称两姓联姻为“秦晋之好”。如《西厢记》：“倒陪嫁门，情愿于英雄结婚姻，成秦晋。”古书上常见的“琴瑟之好”是说夫妻相亲相爱、感情和谐。
古代有七出的规定，即男家可依据这七条把妻子赶出家门，即休掉。七出的条件是；不顺父母、无子、淫（放纵）、嫉妒、恶疾、多言、盗窃。《孔雀东南飞》中焦母赶刘兰芝的借口就是第一条。女子出嫁后娘家不往回接是不能回娘家的，一旦不经迎接而自己回去就说明出了事，所以刘兰芝的母亲说：“汝今何罪过，不迎而自归？”古代实行一夫一妻多妾制，妾与妻的地位是不平等的。《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》：“臣之妻私臣，臣之妾畏臣，”一“私”一“畏”说明地位的不同。妻生子为嫡出，妾生子为庶出，嫡出庶出在家庭地位、财产、权利的继承方面是不平衡的。
3、丧葬
葬礼分为五个阶段：复、殓、殡、葬、服。人死后，活人登上屋顶，面向北方呼唤死者，为死者招魂，这叫“复”。为死者穿裹衣衾并把尸体放入棺材叫“殓”，盛着尸体的棺材叫“柩”，棺材的套棺叫“椁(guǒ)”，停棺待葬叫“殡”，即棺材椁埋入地下叫“葬”。如《祭妹文》：“今予殓汝葬汝。”墓穴称为“窀(zhūn)穸(xī)”，埋土隆起称“坟”。埋葬时用殉葬品，上古有人殉，即用活人为陪葬品，后来用“俑”——象人形的偶像。随葬物品称为明器（冥器）。为死人守孝服丧叫“服”，服丧期间在墓旁搭小屋居住，看守坟墓叫“庐墓”或“庐冢”。如《游褒禅山记》所说：“今所谓慧空禅院者，褒之庐冢也。”古代丧礼中亲属们根据与死者关系的远近要穿一定的丧服，有斩衰（服期三年）、齐衰（服期一年）、大功（服期九个月）、小功（服期五个月）、缌麻（服期三个月；缌）五等。衰(cui)就是丧服。《肴之战》说：“子墨衰絰”，絰是丧服上的带子。
古代出殡时还有唱挽歌的习俗。《记念刘和珍君》中曾引用了陶渊明作的一首挽歌。

Answer 5

太难了