cooperative principle英文名词解释，不是翻译，语言学科目里的

Question

cooperative principle英文名词解释，不是翻译，语言学科目里的

Answer 1

American philosopher Paul Grice in 1975 proposed cooperative principle and conversational implicature which is the essential content of Pragmatics. Cooperative principle is first put forward by Grice. He suggested that all speakers, regardless of their cultural background, adhere to a basic principle. This is what he terms as the cooperative principle(CP).He formulates the principle and its maxims as follows:
Make your conversational contribution as is required, at the stage at which it occurs, by the accepted purpose or direction of the exchange in which you are engaged.
(1)The Maxim of Quality: Try to make your contribution one that is true,i.e.
(i)Do not say what you believe to be false;
(ii)Do not say for which you lack adequate evidence.
(2) The Maxim of Quantity
(i)Make your contribution as informative as is required(for the current purpose of the exchange);
(ii)Do not make your contribution more informative than is required.
(3)The Maxim of Relation: Be relevant.
(4)The Maxim of Manner: Be perspicuous, i.e.
(i)Avoid obscurity of expression;
(ii)Avoid ambiguity;
(iii)Be brief(avoid unnecessary prolixity);
(iv)Be orderly.
In brief, participants should observe these maxims so as to make the conversation maximally efficient, reasonable and cooperative.
美国哲学家保罗格里斯在1975年提出了合作原则和会话含义，这是语用学的基本内容。合作原则首先由格莱斯提出。他建议所有发言者，不论其文化背景如何，都遵守一项基本原则。这就是他所说的合作原则（CP）。他将原则及其要求表述如下：
根据您所使用的交换所接受的目的或方向，在发生的阶段根据需要进行会话贡献。
（1）质量的要求：尽量使你的贡献成为现实，即。
（i）不要说你认为是虚假的;

（ii）不要说你缺乏足够的证据。
（2）数量的要求
（i）按要求提供信息（对于交换的当前目的）;
（ii）不要使您的贡献比所要求的更多信息。
（3）关系的要求：相关。
（4）方式的要求：明显，即

（i）避免表达模糊;

（ii）避免含糊不清;

（iii）简短（避免不必要的冗长）;

（iv）有条不紊。

简而言之，参与者应该遵守这些准则，以使对话最大限度地高效，合理和合作。

Answer 2

你好!
cooperative principle
合作原则
The Cooperative Principle was put forward by Grace, a famous American linguistic philosopher, in his speech at Harvard University in 1967. According to Grice, in the process of communication, the two sides of the dialogue seem to follow a certain principle intentionally or unintentionally in order to cooperate effectively and accomplish the communicative task.
“合作原则”是由美国著名语言哲学家格莱斯于1967年在哈佛大学的演讲中提出的。格赖斯认为，在人们交际过程中，对话双方似乎在有意无意地遵循着某一原则，以求有效地配合从而完成交际任务。

Answer 3

In social science generally and linguistics specifically, the cooperative principle describes how people interact with one another. As phrased by Paul Grice, who introduced it, it states, "Make your contribution such as it is required, at the stage at which it occurs, by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which you are engaged."
“会话合作理论”是一个社会学/语言学名词，主要用于描述人类是如何相互进行互动的。其提出者保罗·格莱斯认为，语言交际实际上是说话人与听话人遵守同一原则并且相互合作才能达成的行为。

Answer 4

楼主以后可以从 Wikipedia 上搜索英文的名词解释.

Cooperative principle

(From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia)

In social science generally and linguistics specifically, the cooperative principle describes how people interact with one another. As phrased by Paul Grice, who introduced it, it states, "Make your contribution such as it is required, at the stage at which it occurs, by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which you are engaged." Though phrased as a prescriptive command, the principle is intended as a description of how people normally behave in conversation.

Put more simply, people who obey the cooperative principle in their language use will make sure that what they say in a conversation furthers the purpose of that conversation. Obviously, the requirements of different types of conversations will be different.

The cooperative principle can be divided into four maxims, called the Gricean maxims, describing specific rational principles observed by people who obey the cooperative principle; these principles enable effective communication.

The cooperative principle goes both ways: speakers (generally) observe the cooperative principle, and listeners (generally) assume that speakers are observing it. This allows for the possibility of implicatures, which are meanings that are not explicitly conveyed in what is said, but that can nonetheless be inferred. For example, if Alice points out that Bill is not present, and Carol replies that Bill has a cold, then there is an implicature that the cold is the reason, or at least a possible reason, for Bill's absence; this is because Carol's comment is not cooperative — does not contribute to the conversation — unless her point is that Bill's cold is or might be the reason for his absence. (This is covered specifically by the Maxim of Relation; see Gricean maxims).

Answer 5

In social science generally and linguistics specifically, the cooperative principle describes how people interact with one another. As phrased by Paul Grice, who introduced it, it states, "Make your contribution such as it is required, at the stage at which it occurs, by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which you are engaged." Though phrased as a prescriptive command, the principle is intended as a description of how people normally behave in conversation.

Put more simply, people who obey the cooperative principle in their language use will make sure that what they say in a conversation furthers the purpose of that conversation. Obviously, the requirements of different types of conversations will be different.

The cooperative principle can be divided into four maxims, called the Gricean maxims, describing specific rational principles observed by people who obey the cooperative principle; these principles enable effective communication.

The cooperative principle goes both ways: speakers (generally) observe the cooperative principle, and listeners (generally) assume that speakers are observing it. This allows for the possibility of implicatures, which are meanings that are not explicitly conveyed in what is said, but that can nonetheless be inferred. For example, if Alice points out that Bill is not present, and Carol replies that Bill has a cold, then there is an implicature that the cold is the reason, or at least a possible reason, for Bill's absence; this is because Carol's comment is not cooperative — does not contribute to the conversation — unless her point is that Bill's cold is or might be the reason for his absence. (This is covered specifically by the Maxim of Relation; see Gricean maxims).