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Question

Southeast Asia
Since the 1997-1998 crisis, Thailand, Indonesia, Taiwan, and Malaysia have made a lot of progress addressing the problem. Many situations in these countries have been successfully restructured, the liquidity in the financial markets has greatly improved, and the economies have recovered to pre-crisis levels, thereby reducing the amount of available NPLs. Progress varies by country. Indonesia has made a considerable push over the past five years. Its central bank, Bank Indonesia, estimates that at December 31, 2003, the Indonesian banks' total NPL ratio was 8.2%, which further fell to 7.8% by the end of March 2004. It should be noted that this compares with a staggering ratio of 32.8% in 1999. As a frame of reference, most Western banks aim to keep their NPL-to-total-assets ratios below 5%.
South Korea still has another $60 billion of loans to clean up, even as the amount has been reduced from $145 billion in 1999. In Korea, one in every ten consumers was in default on a credit card or personal loan. It is no surprise that a large portion of NPL sellers have been credit card companies, forced to clean up their balance sheets to meet the government's mandated non-performing loan requirement of 10%. According to PricewaterhouseCoopers, approximately $7.0 billion of non-performing credit card and personal loans were sold in 2003 alone, with Lone Star emerging as the largest buyer, accumulating $2.7 billion of that amount.
Overall, the Southeast Asian countries have decreased the amount of their NPLs from over $428 billion in 1999 to $151 billion in 2004, nearly a 65% reduction. The progress is significant but the restructuring effort continues.

Answer 1

东南亚
自从1997-1998年危机以来,泰国,印尼,台湾和马来西亚在解决这个问题上都做出了很大的进展.这些国家在不同的情形下都已成功地重组,流动性的金融市场有了很大提高, 经济已恢复到危机前的水平,从而减少了可用的不良贷款. 国家不同进度也不同. 印尼在此方面已经做出了很大的推动。过去五年中， 印度尼西亚中央银行估计,在2003年12月31日,印尼银行的不良贷款总额的比例为8.2% , 到2004年3月底进一步下跌至7.8% . 应当指出的是,1999年底的比例为32.8% 是一个多么惊人的比例！作为一个参照,大多数西方银行都是为了保持其不良资产对总资产比率低于5% . 南韩仍有60亿美元的贷款需要清理, 即使金额已从1999年的1450亿美元减少了下来. 在韩国,每十个消费者就有一个拖欠信用卡或个人贷款. 难怪一大部份不良卖家已成了信用卡公司，他们被迫清理资产负债表,以达到政府的授权不良贷款10%的规定的要求. 据PricewaterhouseCoopers说,在2003年仅仅约为7.0亿美元的不良信用卡及个人贷款售出, 而孤星新兴却成了最大的买主,累计共有270亿美元的数额. 总体而言, 东南亚国家已经降低了它们的不良贷款，由1999年高达的428亿元的贷款降至2004年的151亿美元，有了近65%的减少. 这个进步是显着的,但重组工作仍在继续当中.

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Answer 2

东南亚从1997-1998年危机以来,泰国,印尼,台湾和马来西亚都尽了很大的努力去解决这个问题. 许多情况下,这些国家已成功地重组,在流动性的金融市场有了很大提高, 与珠江三角洲的经济已恢复到危机前的水平,从而减少了可用的不良贷款. 进度因国家而异. 印尼已经做出了很大的推动,过去五年. 其中央银行印度尼西亚银行估计,在2003年12月31日,印尼银行的不良贷款总额的比例为8.2% , 进一步下跌至7.8% ,由2004年3月底. 应当指出,与此相比,一个惊人的比例32.8% ,在1999年. 作为一个参照,大多数西方银行的目的是为了保持其不良资产-总资产比率低于5% . 南韩仍达60亿美元的贷款,清理, 即使金额已从1450亿美元在1999年. 在韩国,每十消费者拖欠信用卡或个人贷款. 难怪一大部份不良卖家已信用卡公司 被迫清理资产负债表,以满足政府的授权不良贷款10%的规定. 据罗兵,约为7.0亿美元的不良信用卡及个人贷款售出仅在2003年, 与孤星新兴的最大买主,积累了270亿美元的数额. 总体而言, 东南亚国家已经降低了它们的不良贷款高达428亿元, 1999年增至151亿美元 2004年,有近65%的减少. 进步是显着的,但转型努力仍在继续