3 被动语态的几种类型

Answer 1

有两个宾语的句子通常可以分别将宾语当作主语，造成两种被动语态。而有宾语和宾语补足语的句子，则只能造一个被动语态。1 由及物动词形成的被动语态He was told the interesting story by me.The interesting story was told to him by me.我把那个有趣的故事告诉他了。1.有一个宾语的句子的被动语态详见第167页＜2.主动语态变为被动语态＞的例句。2.有两个宾语的句子的被动语态give，teach…之类的动词后面往往跟两个宾语，也可以叫做双宾语。通常这种句子可以改为以“人”当作主语和以“物”当作主语的两种被动语态。Tom gave me a present.汤姆给我一件礼物。I was given a present by Tom.（以人“I”做主语）A present was given（to）me by Tom.（以物“present”为主语）He teaches us English.他教我们英语。We are taught English by him.（以人当主语）English is taught us by him.（以物当主语）He bought me a book.他给我买了一本书。I was bought a book（by him）.（以人当主语；此句语法上正确，但实际应用时很别扭，所以一般不用）A book was bought for me（by him）.（以物当主语）3.含有宾语补足语的句子的被动语态call，make之类的动词常常有宾语补足语，在被动语态中，宾语补足语的位置不变。注意所有带不定式宾语补足语的动词，甚至包括感官动词feel，see，hear，watch，look at，listen to和使役动词let，make，have和动词help在变为被动语态时，一律加to。参见第十四章。2 由不及物动词+介词或副词形成的被动语态Many trees are cut down by workers.许多树木被工人砍倒。不及物动词不能跟宾语，当然就没有被动语态了，但有的不及物动词，后面跟上一个介词或副词后（即形成所谓的动词短语），其作用和一个及物动词一样，这样，在变成被动语态时，千万不要把介词或副词去掉。She looks after them.她照顾他们。（○）They are looked after by her.（×）They are looked by her.We laughed at him.我们笑话他。He was laughed at（by us）.必背！动词短语的被动语态take care of照看→be taken care ofcut down砍倒→be cut downlaugh at嘲笑→be laughed atlook after照料→be looked after必背！被动语态的动词短语以下这些短语本身即是被动语态的形式，不需再加“by”。be covered with 用……覆盖着be surprised at 对……感到惊奇be known to 出名be interested in 对……感兴趣be made of（from） 用……制造的3 由情态动词形成的被动语态The person must be taken care of by his son.这个人一定要由他儿子照顾。含有情态动词的句子变为被动语态时，在情态动词后面加上be动词即可，其句型如下：肯定句：主语+情态动词（can，may，must）+be（永远是原形）+过去分词～.否定句：主语+情态动词+not +be +过去分词～.疑问句：情态动词（Can，May，Must）+主语+be +过去分词～？注意《be going to +动词原形》句型变为被动语态时，我们把be going to看成一个词，就如同情态动词can一样，因此它的被动语态应该是《be going to be +过去分词》。He is going to make it.→It is going to be made（by him）.We can change water into ice.我们可以把水变成冰。Water can be changed into ice.水可以被变成冰。You must not take out any books.你不可以拿走任何一本书。Any books mustn't be taken out by you.Can you use it？你会使用它吗？