1.Introduction
The aluminium industry exists because of the universal presence of a protective layer of oxide 2 nm thick on the exposed surface of aluminium and its alloys. This impervious oxide layer prevents the diffusion of oxygen inside the aluminium matrix and also allows some deformation of the substrate without rupturing. How- ever, the oxide film found on the surface of aluminium alloys is impervious, continuous and self-healing only at room temperature or at higher temperatures in the initial stages of oxidation. As the film thickness increases with temperature and time, cracks appear and further oxidation of aluminium alloys is possible .In fact, aluminium alloys are highly resistant to oxidation at temperatures up to 200 C. At higher temperatures, the oxidation rate increases and when the temperature exceeds 350 C, internal oxidation of A1-Mg alloys containing appreciable amounts of magnesium may take place in an atmosphere containing both oxygen and water. This process is reported to be more significant at temperatures above 480C . Other alloys of aluminium are reportedly less susceptible to internal oxidation.
In the relevant literature, the internal oxidation of copper alloys , silver alloys , Co-Cr alloys , Ni-A1 alloys and iron-based alloys , etc., and its mechanism have been reported. On the other hand, only possibilities are encountered for internal oxidation in A1-Mg alloys and microstructural evidence of the phenomenon is not available. It has been reported that in A1-Mg alloys containing up to 8 wt % Mg, progressive heating up to 400C and at 500C can cause the formation of a duplex oxide film consisting of a thick outer layer of MgO over an inner compact layer of 7-A1203. Powder photographs of a stripped film formed at 500 C on an A1-3 wt % Mg alloy showed the presence of MgA1204 . Leontis and Rhines and Markworth have also demonstrated the presence of MgA1204 in the surface oxide films on high A1-Mg alloys. The oxi- dation of Al-(1 to 14%)Mg alloys at temperatures of 600 to 1100 C revealed that a protective amorphous film on the metal surface crystallized to magnesiumoxide and magnesium aluminate, accompanied by a sudden increase in the oxidation rate .
英文翻译中文是什么意思?
意思是:把英文这种文字翻译成中文的文字。英语(英文:English)是一种西日耳曼语支,最早被中世纪的英国使用,并因其广阔的殖民地而成为世界使用面积最广的语言。英国人的祖先盎格鲁部落是后来迁移到大不列颠岛地区的日耳曼部落之一,称为英格兰。这两个名字都来自波罗的海半岛的Anglia。历史沿袭:英语已经...
english是什么意思翻译中文
English意思是英语、英国的、英格兰的。英 [ˈɪŋglɪʃ] 美 [ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ]n.英语 adj.英语的;英国的;英格兰的;英格兰人的 1、He is not competent to the task of teaching English.他不能胜任英语教学工作。2、We came from the...
英文翻译中文
英文翻译中文可以用英语翻译器。英文翻译成中文,简体中文切换成翻译中文,中英文翻译互译回译都能在我们的英语翻译器在线翻译工具上实现,通过对接百度翻译、谷歌翻译、搜狗翻译和有道词典等多家翻译接口,在保证海量翻译语言的同时,我们还可以实现更多翻译功能。英语翻译器在线翻译工具操作简单,通过点选即可完...
中文用英语怎么翻译
Chinese 英[ˌtʃaɪˈni:z] 美[tʃaɪˈniz, -ˈnis]n. 中文; 汉语; 华人; 中国人;adj. 中国的; 中文的; 中国人的; 中国话的;[例句]The new design compromises the merits of Chinese and Western styles.这个新设计融合了中西...
英译和中译是什么意思
中译则是将内容转换为中文的翻译行为。它同样涉及语言间的互译,目的是将原本非中文的信息或内容以中文形式呈现给读者。英译和中译在本质上都是翻译工作,其主要区别在于翻译的目标语言不同。英译将非英语内容转化为英语表达,而中译则将非中文内容转换为中文表述。无论是英译还是中译,其核心都是确保...
英文翻译中文,根据什么翻译?
根据读音不同翻译的。在对外翻译英语时,中文名称有两种翻译方法,大陆采用的是拼音法,就是直接使用汉语拼音来作为中文的英语翻译单词,在这种标音法中,单词的发音方式是汉语拼音而不是英文。港台等大陆以外的中文地区使用的是另一种标音方法,该方法最早是由进入香港的英国人发明的,原理是使用英文的...
怎么把中文翻译成英文或英文翻成中文?有什么技巧和原则吗?
英文翻译成中文操作步骤:1:打开后根据引导标志,我们开始选择自己需要的翻译模式,比如语音翻译模式。2:选择语种,源语种选择英文,目标语种选择中文。3:点击最下角的英文标志按钮,进入录音页面,录音完成后点击完成按钮,开始进入英语翻译中文页面。4:翻译结果页面,除了中英文文字外还有语音播放,点击...
你是说汉语还是说英语? 求翻译成中文
最简单的就是Do you speak chinese or English?复杂点的还有:which kind of language do you speak?Chinese or English?Chinese Or English? Which do you prefer?我大学英语专业的~
怎么把英语翻译成中文。
可以在电脑上面使用百度在线翻译来进行翻译。操作方法:1、首先,打开电脑上面的百度浏览器进入,在搜索栏里面选择输入百度翻译,再进行搜索。2、然后在弹出来的第一个网站就是百度翻译,选择点击百度翻译进入。3、然后可以将需要翻译的文字粘贴到框框里面。4、然后点击翻译,在右方的框框里面就会显示出翻译...