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Question

One thing almost everyone agrees on, including Americans, is that they place a high value upon success. Success does not necessarily mean material rewards, but recognition of some sort—preferably measurable.
A good many things contributed to this accent on success. There was the Puritan (清教徒的) belief in the virtue of work, both for its own sake and because the rewards it brought were regarded as signs of God’s love. There was the richness of opportunity in a land waiting to be settled. There was the lack of a settled society with fixed ranks and classes, so that a man was certain to rise through achievement.
There was the determination of the immigrant to gain in the new world what had been denied to him in the old, and on the part of his children an urge to throw off the immigrant onus by still more success and still more rise in a fluid, classless society. Brothers did not compete within the family for the favor of the parents as in Europe, but strove (奋斗) for success in the outer world, along paths of their own choice.
Not to strive, not to take advantage of the opportunities in such a world, not to succeed where success was so available—these things naturally became a sort of crime against the state. To develop the resources of a new country required energetic people, bent upon using their energies—not only for the rewards that would result to themselves, but even more important, to the community. So material success in the United States is not looked upon as selfish. Its results are seen to have communal value.
This striving for success, according to psychologists, is a way of overcoming fears and a sense of inner emptiness. In a mobile society an energetic person can hardly help matching himself against others and seeing how far he can go.
Such a system is fine for those who have it in them to succeed. It is not so good for the mediocre (平凡的). The fear of failure, the fear of competitors, the loss of self-respect—these arouse tensions that some people cannot handle.

Answer 1

几乎每个人都同意的，包括美国人，是他们的一个高价值的成功概念。成功不一定是物质上的奖励，像承认一些事情的存在也算成功。
好多事情都强调成功。这是清教徒既相信工作的美德，又为自己的缘故，因为奖励被视为上帝的爱。有丰富的机会，土地问题等待被解决。这是解决缺乏社会固定资产阶层，这些人就一定通过的成就得到提升。
有决心的移民增加新的世界已经否认他在旧的世界的存在，并在他的那一部分孩子渴望摆脱移民负担，变得更成功，更增加没有阶级的社会。兄弟间没有竞争。父母在欧洲获得青睐，但不（奋斗）成功的外部世界，沿着自己选择的路。
不努力，不会利用机会在这样一个世界里，不成功，成功是如此available-these无疑都是对国家的一种犯罪。开发一个新的国家需要精力充沛的人，倾向于使用他们的energies-not只有奖励，会导致自己，但更重要的是，对社区。所以物质的成功在美国并不看作是自私的。其结果是看到有公共价值。
这为成功而努力，根据心理学家，是一种克服恐惧和内心的空虚。在一个瞬息万变的社会，一个精力充沛的人可以拿自己与别人相比，知道自己能走。
这样一个系统是好的为那些谁在他们成功。这是不太好的平庸（平凡的）。害怕失败，害怕竞争对手，失去self-respect-these引起的紧张局势，有些人不能处理。